lithium iodide
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 450932330
| ImageFile = NaCl polyhedra.png
| ImageName = Lithium iodide
| ImageFile2 = File:Lithium-iodide-3D-ionic.png
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 59699
| InChI = 1/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-REWHXWOFAM
| SMILES = [Li+].[I-]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/HI.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 10377-51-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo2 = 17023-24-4
| CASNo2_Comment = (monohydrate)
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo3 = 17023-25-5
| CASNo3_Comment = (dihydrate)
| CASNo4_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo4 = 7790-22-9
| CASNo4_Comment = (trihydrate)
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = S6K2XET783
| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII1 = PS8215OJNR
| UNII1_Comment = (trihydrate)
| PubChem = 66321
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = LiI
| MolarMass = 133.85 g/mol
| Appearance = White crystalline solid
| Density = 4.076 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3.494 g/cm3 (trihydrate)
| Solubility = 1510 g/L (0 °C)
1670 g/L (25 °C)
4330 g/L (100 °C) Patnaik, Pradyot (2002) Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}
| Solubility1 = 3430 g/L (20 °C)
| Solvent1 = methanol
| Solubility2 = 426 g/L (18 °C)
| Solvent2 = acetone
| SolubleOther = soluble in ethanol, propanol, ethanediol, ammonia
| MeltingPtC = 469
| BoilingPtC = 1171
| RefractIndex = 1.955
| MagSus = {{val|-50.0|e=-6|u=cm3/mol}}
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −270.48 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc =
| DeltaGf = −266.9 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 75.7 J mol−1 K−1
| HeatCapacity = 54.4 J mol−1 K−1
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| ExternalSDS = [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/58202.htm External MSDS]
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Lithium fluoride
Lithium chloride
Lithium bromide
Lithium astatide
| OtherCations = Sodium iodide
Potassium iodide
Rubidium iodide
Caesium iodide
Francium iodide
}}
}}
Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine.{{cite web |title=Lithium iodide |url=http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/lithiumiodide.pdf |work=ESPI Corp. MSDS |access-date=2005-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309151355/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/lithiumiodide.pdf |archive-date=2008-03-09 |url-status=dead }} It crystallizes in the NaCl motif.Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}. It can participate in various hydrates.Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a15_393}}.
Applications
File:LiI@DWNT.pngs.{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/ncomms8943|pmid=26228378|pmc=4532884|title=Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements|journal=Nature Communications|volume=6|pages=7943|year=2015|last1=Senga|first1=Ryosuke|last2=Suenaga|first2=Kazu|bibcode=2015NatCo...6.7943S}}]]
Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers{{Cite journal|last=Holmes|first=C.|date=2007-09-28|title=The Lithium/Iodine-Polyvinylpyridine Pacemaker Battery - 35 years of Successful Clinical Use|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2790382/meta|journal=ECS Transactions|language=en|volume=6|issue=5|pages=1–7|doi=10.1149/1.2790382|bibcode=2007ECSTr...6e...1H|s2cid=138189063 |issn=1938-5862}} due to the long cycle life it enables.{{Cite journal|last=Hanif|first=Maryam|date=2008|title=The Pacemaker Battery - Review Article|journal=UIC Bioengineering Student Journal}} The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.{{cite journal |last1= Nicholson |first1= K. P. |display-authors= etal |year= 1955 |title= Some lithium iodide phosphors for slow neutron detection |journal= Br. J. Appl. Phys. |volume= 6 |issue= 3 |pages= 104–106 |doi= 10.1088/0508-3443/6/3/311|bibcode= 1955BJAP....6..104N }} It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.
In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example, it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids:Charette, André B.; Barbay, J. Kent and He, Wei (2005) "Lithium Iodide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X.rl121.pub2}}
:{{chem2|RCO2CH3 + LiI -> RCO2Li + CH3I}}
Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.
Lithium iodide was used as a radiocontrast agent for CT scans. Its use was discontinued due to renal toxicity. Inorganic iodine solutions suffered from hyperosmolarity and high viscosities. Current iodinated contrast agents are organoiodine compounds.{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/cr200358s|pmid=23210836|title=X-ray-Computed Tomography Contrast Agents|journal=Chemical Reviews|volume=113|issue=3|pages=1641–66|year=2013|last1=Lusic|first1=Hrvoje|last2=Grinstaff|first2=Mark W.|pmc=3878741}}
It is also useful in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution.{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00216-011-4814-9|pmid=21380605|title=MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution|journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry|volume=401|issue=1|pages=75–87|year=2011|last1=Petit|first1=Cerruti|last2=Touboul|first2=Laprévote|pmc=3878741}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Lithium iodide}}
- {{cite web |title= WebElements – Lithium Iodide |url=https://www.webelements.com/compounds/lithium/lithium_iodide.html |access-date= 2005-09-16}}
- {{cite web |title= Composition of Lithium Iodide – NIST |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Star/compos.pl?matno=187 |access-date= 2006-02-03}}
{{Lithium compounds}}
{{Iodides}}
{{Authority control}}