:Charan Singh

Singh was born on 23 December 1902 to Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village of Meerut district, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. His father was a farmer belonging to the Tewatia clan of Jats.{{cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |author-link=Paul Brass |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1937 to 1961 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE Publishing |isbn=978-81-321-0686-9 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDKaDwAAQBAJ |quote=Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 in village Nurpur, Meerut district, United Provinces, the eldest of five children of Meer Singh, a small farmer, of the Tewatiya gotra of the Jat caste, and his wife, Netra Kaur, from a village in Bulandshahr district.}}{{cite book |title=New Delhi |date=1979 |publisher=Ananda Bazar Patrika, Limited |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15TiAAAAMAAJ&q=tewatia+jat |language=en}} Singh started his primary education in Jani Khurd village in Meerut. He did his Matriculation and Intermediate from the Government High School in 1921 and then he went to Agra College to pursue Bachelor of Science in 1923, Masters of Arts in History (British, European and Indian) in 1925. He then did Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Meerut College in 1927. Singh have knowledge about European and Indian history as well as civil laws of British India as it affected the lives of village peoples.{{Cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh Biography: Early Life, Education, Political Career, Works and Contributions, Legacy, and More |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/chaudhary-charan-singh-biography-1640238989-1 |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531052903/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/chaudhary-charan-singh-biography-1640238989-1 |url-status=live }}

File:Charan Singh parents.jpg

Singh entered politics as part of the Indian Independence Movement motivated by Mahatma Gandhi. He was active from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District Arya Samaj as well as the Meerut district Indian National Congress for which he was jailed twice by the British. Before independence, as a member of Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces elected in 1937, he took a deep interest in the laws that were detrimental to the village economy and he slowly built his ideological and practical stand against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.

Between 1952 and 1968, he was one of "three principal leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable in Uttar Pradesh from the 1950s for drafting and ensuring the passage of what were then the most revolutionary land reform laws in any state in India under the tutelage of the then Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant; first as Parliamentary Secretary and then as Revenue Minister responsible for Land Reforms. He became visible on the national stage from 1959 when he publicly opposed the unquestioned leader and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's socialistic and collectivist land policies in the Nagpur Congress Session. Though his position in the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Congress was weakened, this was a point when the middle peasant communities across castes in North India began looking up to him as their spokesperson and later as their unquestioned leader. Singh stood for tight government spending, enforced consequences for corrupt officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with the demands of government employees for increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth noting that within the factional Uttar Pradesh Congress, his ability to articulate his clear policies and values made him stand out from his colleagues. Following this period, Charan Singh defected from the Congress on 1 April 1967, joined the opposition party, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.{{Cite journal|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=1993|title=Chaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life|jstor=4400204|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=28|issue=39|pages=2087–2090}} This was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong force in India from 1967 to 1971.

As leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, a major constituent of the Janata coalition, he was disappointed in his ambition to become Prime Minister in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice of Morarji Desai.

During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, the fragmented opposition united a few months before the elections under the Janata Party banner, for which Chaudhary Charan Singh had been struggling almost single-handedly since 1974. It was because of the efforts of Raj Narain that he became Prime Minister in the year 1979 though Raj Narain was Chairman of Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him as Prime Minister, the way he helped him to become Chief Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh. However, he resigned after just 23 days in office when Indira Gandhi's Congress Party withdrew support to the government. Singh said he resigned because he was not ready to be blackmailed into withdrawing Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.{{cite news|title=Charan singh resigns|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19790821&id=GctAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3658,4158767|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Glasgow Herald|date=21 August 1979|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121154658/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19790821&id=GctAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3658,4158767|url-status=live}} Fresh elections were held six months later. Charan Singh continued to lead the Lok Dal in opposition until his death in 1987.

Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows in Chandni Chowk, Delhi. In order to escape the oppression from the British Government following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, including Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastward to district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.{{Cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Charan Singh biography|work=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25680|access-date=17 February 2023|language=en|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310204523/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25680|url-status=live |last1=Mahotsav |first1=Amrit }}

He received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926 from Agra University. He started practice as a civil lawyer at Ghaziabad in 1928.{{Cite web |date=22 May 2022 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh: Stalwart farmer leader who was PM for 170 days |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chaudhary-charan-singh-stalwart-farmer-leader-sixth-pm-7930630/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216135520/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chaudhary-charan-singh-stalwart-farmer-leader-sixth-pm-7930630/ |url-status=live }}

In February 1937 he was elected from the constituency of Chhaprauli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces at the age of 34. In 1938 he introduced an Agricultural Produce Market Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of The Hindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938. The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against the rapacity of traders. The Bill was adopted by most of the States in India, Punjab being the first state to do so in 1940.{{Cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Charan Singh farmer friendly legislation|url=https://charansingh.org/life-history/active-presenting-progressive-rural-and-farmer-friendly-legislation-congress|access-date=17 February 2023|language=en|archive-date=18 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818165507/https://charansingh.org/life-history/active-presenting-progressive-rural-and-farmer-friendly-legislation-congress|url-status=live}}

File:Charan Singh with the members of Arya Samaj.jpg in 1930 ]]

Charan Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943.{{Cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Charan Singh:Champion of farmers|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chaudhary-charan-singh-champion-of-farmers-first-cm-of-non-congress-government-in-northern-india-2888242|access-date=17 February 2023|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=9 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209134806/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chaudhary-charan-singh-champion-of-farmers-first-cm-of-non-congress-government-in-northern-india-2888242|url-status=live}}

Charan Singh opposed Jawaharlal Nehru on his Soviet-style economic reforms. Charan Singh was of the opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator. He wanted to preserve and stabilise a system of peasant proprietorship. Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.

Singh is known for piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1952. The latter led to the abolition of zamindari system in the state.He was also strict in dealing with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953. Land reforms resulted in empowering the tillers and providing the landless with ownership of land. It created a conducive atmosphere for the social and economic upliftment of the farmers. During the drought in 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much higher procurement price than the prevailing market rates. The infrastructure he laid down led to the Minimum Support Price mechanism.

Charan Singh left the Congress party in 1967, and formed his own political party, Bharatiya Kranti Dal. With the help and support of Raj Narain and Ram Manohar Lohia, he became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1967, and later in 1970. In 1975, he was jailed again, but this time by then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, daughter of his former rival Nehru. She had declared the state of emergency and jailed all her political opponents. In the 1977 general elections, the Indian populace voted her out, and the opposition party, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power. He served as Deputy Prime Minister, Home Minister and Finance minister in the Janata government headed by Morarji Desai.

Charan Singh for the first time, became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1967 with the help of Samyukta Vidhayak Dal coalition. Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was formed after failure of negotiations between Charan Singh and Chandra Bhanu Gupta on the composition of Gupta's ministry. Singh wanted some of his allies like Jai Ram Varma and Udit Narain Sharma to be included in the cabinet and removal of some of the men from the cabinet. As a result of failure of negotiations, Charan Singh with his 16 MLAs defected from Congress.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India). |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=4–6 |language=en}}

Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was coalition formed with the help of non-Congress parties like Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Samyukta Socialist Party, Communist Party of India, Swatantra Party, Praja Socialist Party, Republican Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist).{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=SAGE India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=7 |language=en}} Within months of his government formation disputes started to arise in SVD coalition. Samyukta Socialist Party, one of the constituent of this coalition, demanded to completely abolish the land revenue or at least abolish on uneconomic lands but Charan Singh refused to accept this demand as he was worried about the revenue generation and resources.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=10–12 |language=en}} Praja Socialist Party, another constituent in this coalition, demanded for the release of government employees held in preventive detention for their strikes but this demand also Singh refused to accept.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=12–13 |language=en}}

The disputes between Charan Singh and Samyukta Socialist Party became public when SSP decided to launch an agitation of Angrezi Hatao (get rid to English) and during this movement two of its ministers courted arrest.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=14 |language=en}} SSP withdrew from coalition on 5 January 1968. On 17 February 1968, Charan Singh submitted his resignation to the governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh.{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=HT This Day: Feb 18, 1968 – Charan Singh quits as CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/htthis-day-feb-18-1968-charan-singh-quits-as-cm-101645020918970.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217121805/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/htthis-day-feb-18-1968-charan-singh-quits-as-cm-101645020918970.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=16 |language=en}}

After the split in Congress party, Chandra Bhanu Gupta resigned as Chief Minister on 10 February 1970.{{Cite web |date=2 February 2022 |title=Chandra Bhanu Gupta, third UP CM, formidable politician |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/chandra-bhanu-gupta-third-uttar-pradesh-cm-7753784/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} On 18 February 1970, Charan Singh became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the second time with the help of Indira Gandhi's Congress (R).{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=56 |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=9 February 2022 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh, India's 6th PM, first non-Congress CM of UP |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/chaudhary-charan-singh-india-6th-pm-first-non-congress-cm-up-7764526/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} After three Rajya Sabha members of Bharatiya Kranti Dal voted against the decision of Indira Gandhi to eliminate the Privy Purse, Kamalapati Tripathi announced the withdrawal of the support of Congress (R) for the Singh's government.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=65 |language=en}} Charan Singh demanded the resignation of 14 Congress (R) minister but they refused to resign. On 27 September 1970, governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy accepted the resignation of ministers but also asked Charan Singh to resign.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=69}}

On 1 October 1970, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh by V. V. Giri from Kiev, who was on tour there.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=73 |language=en}} Just two weeks later with the recalling of the Uttar Pradesh assembly, Tribhuvan Narain Singh was elected the leader of the house and became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh with the support of Congress (O), Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party and Samyukta Socialist Party.{{Cite web |date=13 February 2022 |title=Tribhuvan Narain Singh, sixth UP CM with shortest tenure so far |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tribhuvan-narain-singh-sixth-up-cm-shortest-tenure-7770646/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}

Charan Singh became Cabinet minister in Morarji Desai government and took the office as Minister of Home Affairs on 24 March 1977.{{Cite web |last=Deol |first=Taran |date=23 December 2019 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh — prime minister for 23 days and champion of India's farmers |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/chaudhary-charan-singh-prime-minister-for-23-days-and-champion-of-indias-farmers/339598/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}} As a Home Minister, Charan Singh took the decision to dissolve all the state assemblies which were under Congress rule. He argued that these assemblies no longer represent the will of the electorate of their respective states.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=210–211 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Impending dissolution of Congress-led state assemblies reaches a controversial climax |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19770515-impending-dissolution-of-congress-led-state-assemblies-reaches-a-controversial-climax-823713-2014-08-07 |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=India Today |date=7 August 2014 |language=en}} Charan Singh wrote the letter to nine Chief Ministers to advise their governors to dissolve their state assemblies.{{Cite news |date=26 April 1977 |title=India's Congress Party Wins Delay Of Move to Dissolve Legislatures |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/26/archives/indias-congress-party-wins-delay-of-move-to-dissolve-legislatures.html |access-date=3 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094425/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/26/archives/indias-congress-party-wins-delay-of-move-to-dissolve-legislatures.html |url-status=live }} Chief Minister of these states went to Supreme Court against this dissolution but the dismissals were validated by Supreme Court.{{Cite news |last=Borders |first=William |date=30 April 1977 |title=New Indian Regime Moves to Hold New Assembly Elections in 9 States |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/30/archives/new-indian-regime-moves-to-hold-new-assembly-elections-in-9-states.html |access-date=3 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094425/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/30/archives/new-indian-regime-moves-to-hold-new-assembly-elections-in-9-states.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=216 |language=en}}

On 3 October 1977, Charan Singh got Indira Gandhi arrested from her 12 Willingdon Crescent residence.{{Cite news |last=Simons |first=Lewis |date=4 October 1977 |title=Indira Gandhi Arrested in India |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/10/04/indira-gandhi-arrested-in-india/862f536a-9dc6-4c88-be48-66d455b48c22/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620063739/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/10/04/indira-gandhi-arrested-in-india/862f536a-9dc6-4c88-be48-66d455b48c22/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Frank |first=Katherine |title=Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi |publisher=Harper Perennial |year=2007 |isbn=978-0007259304 |pages=654}}{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 - Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=227 |language=en}} The charges against her were that during 1977 election, she misused her position to get jeeps for election campaigns and another charge was related to contract between the ONGC and the French oil company CFP.{{Cite web |title=How Indira Gandhi's arrest in 1977 revamped Congress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-indira-gandhi-arrest-1977-janata-party-bjp-sonia-gandhi-ed-1983716-2022-08-04 |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=India Today |date=4 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415092919/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-indira-gandhi-arrest-1977-janata-party-bjp-sonia-gandhi-ed-1983716-2022-08-04 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Times |first=William Borde Special to The New York |date=4 October 1977 |title=Wirs. Gandhi Arrested On Charge Of Misuse Of Premier's Office |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/04/archives/mrsgandhi-arrested-on-charge-of-misuse-of-premiers-office-she.html |access-date=3 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421202047/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/04/archives/mrsgandhi-arrested-on-charge-of-misuse-of-premiers-office-she.html |url-status=live }} But the magistrate before whom she appeared, released her stating that there was no evidence to back up the arrest. By botching up the arrest, Singh prepared his resignation letter but Morarji Desai did not accept it.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=228 |language=en}}

On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned from the cabinet of Morarji Desai because of growing differences between them over trial of Indira Gandhi.{{Cite book |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 – Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India) |publisher=Sage India |year=2014 |isbn=978-9351500322 |pages=243 |language=en}} In December 1978, Singh wanted to undo Janata Party and wanted coalition government in place of Janata Party government.{{Cite web |date=18 December 2018 |title=December 18, 1978, Forty Years Ago |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/december-18-1978-forty-years-ago/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415092919/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/december-18-1978-forty-years-ago/ |url-status=live }} On 24 January 1979, Singh returned into cabinet and held two portfolios of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance.{{Cite web |date=23 January 2022 |title=HT This Day: Jan 24, 1979 – Charan Singh, J. Ram become Dy PMs today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ht-this-day-jan-24-1979-charan-singh-j-ram-become-dy-pms-today-101642960437540.html |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310203308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ht-this-day-jan-24-1979-charan-singh-j-ram-become-dy-pms-today-101642960437540.html |url-status=live }}

Following the Janata Party victory in the 1977 general election, its MPs delegated the selection of a prime minister to Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Kripalani. Morarji Desai was chosen as the prime minister and subsequently appointed Charan Singh as home minister of India. However, due to disagreements with Desai, Singh was asked to resign on 1 July 1978. He was later reinstated as deputy prime minister on 24 January 1979. By 1979, the Janata Party faced internal divisions, particularly over the dual loyalties of some members to both the party and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).{{cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Donald L. |url=https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo/page/244 |title=The Deadly Ethnic Riot |publisher=University of California Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-520-22447-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo/page/244 244]}}{{cite book |author=Jeff Haynes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdWAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 |title=Democracy and Political Change in the Third World |date=2 September 2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-54184-3 |pages=168– |access-date=25 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423174835/https://books.google.com/books?id=YdWAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 |archive-date=23 April 2017 |url-status=live}}

File:Charan Singh, Prime Minister.jpg

Singh, who had previously ordered the arrests of Indira Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi as union home minister, capitalised on the growing discord by seeking the support of Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) party. Following significant defections from the Janata Party to Singh’s faction, Morarji Desai resigned as prime minister in July 1979. Subsequently, president Neelam Sanjiva Reddy appointed Singh as prime minister after Indira Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi assured him of external support from Congress (I) under certain conditions. Singh was sworn in as prime minister on 28 July 1979, with Yeshwantrao Chavan of the Congress (Socialist) party serving as deputy prime minister.{{cite book |last1=de Mesquita |first1=Bruce Bueno |url={{Google books|8BafGvdAYYEC|page=PA10|keywords=%22charan%20singh%22|text=|plainurl=yes}} |title=The Predictioneer's Game: Using the Logic of Brazen Self-Interest to See and shapte the future |publisher=Random House |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8129-7977-0 |location=New York |page=xxiii}}{{cite book |last1=Sanghvi |first1=Vijay |url={{Google books|npdqD_TXucQC|page=PA7|keywords=charan|text=|plainurl=yes}} |title=The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandhi By |date=2006 |publisher=Kalpaz |isbn=978-81-7835-340-1 |location=Delhi |pages=114–122}}

File:President Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy swearing in Ch. Charan Singh as PM.jpg swearing in Singh as PM]]

Singh’s tenure as prime minister was short-lived. On 15 August 1979, he hoisted the national flag at the Red Fort on Independence Day, making history with his address to the nation. In his speech, he emphasised the importance of integrity, stating:

{{Blockquote|text=‘To be able to achieve noble objectives, your means should also be equally noble…A country where people are corrupt, will never be able to progress whosoever may be the leader of the party or whatever be the sound programme he might follow.’{{Cite web|date=23 January 2017|title=Quotes from Indian Prime Ministers from the ramparts of Red Fort|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-quotes-from-indian-prime-ministers-from-the-ramparts-of-red-fort/photo-ygRAwQtRqv9SPTTFqzw3ZI.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=18 March 2024|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318193859/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-quotes-from-indian-prime-ministers-from-the-ramparts-of-red-fort/photo-ygRAwQtRqv9SPTTFqzw3ZI.html|url-status=live}}}}

File:Charan Singh at Red Fort.jpg

However, Charan Singh government soon faced a major setback. Indira Gandhi’s support was conditional upon the withdrawal of all charges against her and Sanjay Gandhi. Singh refused to comply, prompting Congress (I) to withdraw its support just before he was scheduled to prove his majority in the Lok Sabha. Consequently, he resigned as prime minister on 20 August 1979, after just 23 days in office, becoming the only Indian prime minister to never face Parliament.{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Forty Years Ago, August 21, 1979: Charan Govt Resigns |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-august-21-1979-charan-govt-resigns-5921778/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218204802/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-august-21-1979-charan-govt-resigns-5921778/ |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=20 November 2019}}

Following his resignation, Singh advised president Reddy to dissolve the Lok Sabha. Janata Party leader Jagjivan Ram contested this move and sought time to gather support, but the dissolution proceeded. Singh remained in office as caretaker prime minister from 21 August 1979 to 14 January 1980, when fresh elections were held.{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Michael T. Kaufman; Special to The New York |date=21 August 1979 |title=Singh's Resignation After 24 Days Leaves Indian Politics in Turmoil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/21/archives/singhs-resignation-after-24-days-leaves-indian-politics-in-turmoil.html |access-date=12 February 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

On 26 September 1979, he formed Lok Dal by merging Janata Party (Secular), Socialist Party and Orissa Janata Party.{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=September 27, 1979, forty years ago: Lok Dal formed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/september-27-1979-forty-years-ago-lok-dal-formed-6032094/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210145/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/september-27-1979-forty-years-ago-lok-dal-formed-6032094/ |url-status=live }} He was elected president of Lok Dal and Raj Narain was elected as its working president.{{Cite web |title=With Chaudhury Charan Singh in hospital, Ajit Singh likely to step in as Lok Dal chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860131-with-chaudhury-charan-singh-in-hospital-ajit-singh-likely-to-step-in-as-lok-dal-chief-800551-1986-01-30 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=India Today |date=31 January 1986 |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214153157/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860131-with-chaudhury-charan-singh-in-hospital-ajit-singh-likely-to-step-in-as-lok-dal-chief-800551-1986-01-30 |url-status=live }} In August 1982, a major split occurred in Lok Dal, with one faction of Charan Singh and another consisted of Karpoori Thakur, Madhu Limaye, Biju Patnaik, Devi Lal, George Fernandes and Kumbha Ram Arya.{{Cite web |date=10 August 2022 |title=August 10, 1982, Forty Years Ago: Two Lok Dals |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/40-years-ago/august-10-1982-forty-years-ago-two-lok-dals/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214093544/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/40-years-ago/august-10-1982-forty-years-ago-two-lok-dals/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=August 3, 1982, Forty Years Ago: Lok Dal Split |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/40-years-ago/august-3-1982-forty-years-ago-lok-dal-split-8066579/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121154543/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/40-years-ago/august-3-1982-forty-years-ago-lok-dal-split-8066579/ |url-status=live }}

On 21 October 1984, Singh founded a new party Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party, by merging Lok Dal, Democratic Socialist Party of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani and some leaders of Janata Party like Devi Lal.{{Cite web |title=Formation of DMKP gives decent burial to Lok Dal-Janata merger talks |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19841115-formation-of-dmkp-gives-decent-burial-to-lok-dal-janata-merger-talks-803469-1984-11-14 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=India Today |date=15 November 1984 |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214185924/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19841115-formation-of-dmkp-gives-decent-burial-to-lok-dal-janata-merger-talks-803469-1984-11-14 |url-status=live }} Later it changed its name back to the Lok Dal.{{Cite web |title=Sharad Yadav's revolt against Nitish Kumar: How Janata Parivar unites to split |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sharad-yadav-nitish-kumar-janata-dal-united-1029179-2017-08-11 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=India Today |date=11 August 2017 |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214161116/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sharad-yadav-nitish-kumar-janata-dal-united-1029179-2017-08-11 |url-status=live }}

Singh’s public image was predominantly that of a dedicated advocate for farmers, earning him the nicknames like “Champion of Farmers” and “Chaudhary Sahab”.{{Cite web |date=23 December 2024 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh was a leader who was ahead of his time |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/chaudhary-charan-singh-was-a-leader-who-was-ahead-of-his-time-9739498/ |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} “As we commemorate this milestone, it is only natural to revisit the ideas that Chaudhary Sahab championed - ideas that align with the Constitution’s core promises of justice, equality, and fraternity. His vision for a just society centred on eradicating caste-based divisions and ensuring economic opportunities for marginalised communities. Chaudhary Sahab firmly believed that disadvantaged social groups, particularly in rural India, must engage actively with democracy.” His efforts in land reforms, such as the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1952, aimed at empowering tillers and providing land ownership to the landless, significantly boosted his reputation among rural communities, particularly in western Uttar Pradesh and made him messiah of farmers.{{Cite web |date=15 February 2024 |title=Bharat Ratna: Why Charan Singh was a messiah for farmers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/why-charan-singh-was-a-messiah-for-farmers-9156566/ |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} His simple lifestyle and integrity, often highlighted by wearing hand-woven Khadi clothes and was a teetotaler,{{Cite magazine |last1=Louis |first1=Arul B. |last2=Menon |first2=Amarnath K. |date=23 December 2014 |title=Lok Dal leader Charan Singh seeks mandate for his government |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19800115-lok-dal-leader-charan-singh-seeks-mandate-for-his-government-821729-2014-12-23 |magazine=India Today |quote=An abstemious Arya Samajist, his life is spartan - he wears khadi and his vegetarian diet consists of a cup of tea soon after he wakes up at morning |access-date=18 March 2025}} further enhanced his image as an ethical leader committed to rural development.{{Cite web |date=28 January 2015 |title=The plus and minus of Charan Singh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19791130-charan-singh-lok-dal-congress-janata-party-morarji-desai-indira-gandhi-sanjay-gandhi-devraj-urs-raj-narain-harijan-818029-2015-01-28 |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}

File:Charan Singh in traditional Dhoti and Kurta.jpg made dhoti and kurta]]

Singh was also noted for his opposition to casteism, advocating for social equality and criticising caste-based discrimination, which resonated with his broader vision of uplifting rural and marginalised groups.{{Cite web |date=16 January 2025 |title=An architect of social justice: How Charan Singh's legacy can help address political issues today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/social-justice-architect-charan-singhs-legacy-can-help-address-political-issues-today-9740484/ |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} “Charan Singh also shaped the politics of social justice in post-colonial India. The present-day demand for a caste census has renewed the debate on reservation, and the charge by the opposition parties that the current BJP-led government might alter the Constitution to weaken reservation has acquired a political heat. Charan Singh’s life and views might offer a way out of this political quagmire.”{{Cite web |title=जातिसूचक शब्द के घोर विरोधी थे चौधरी चरण सिंह, पढ़ें उनके जीवन से जुड़ी ये खास बातें |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/meerut-former-prime-minister-chaudhary-charan-singh-was-opposed-to-word-caste |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}} “आज देश की राजनीति जातियों के घेरे में सिमट कर रह गई है। जातिगत राजनीति और धर्म संप्रदायों पर आधारित राजनीति ने किसान मजदूर और गांव की कमर तोड़कर रख दी है। चौधरी साहब जातिवाद के घोर विरोधी थे। वे इसके विरोध में किसी भी सीमा तक जा सकते थे। यह उनके सन् 1967 के मुख्यमंत्रित्व काल के समय जारी आदेश से प्रमाणित होता है, जब उन्होंने शासकीय आदेश पारित किया कि ‘जो संस्थाएं किसी जाति विशेष के नाम पर चल रही हैं उनका शासकीय अनुदान बंद कर दिया जाएगा’ नतीजतन इस आदेश के तत्काल बाद ही कॉलेजों के नाम के आगे से जाति सूचक शब्द हटा दिए गए। आज भारतीय राजनीति जोड़तोड़ की नीति पर चल रही है। वे इसके सख्त विरोधी थे।”

In 2018, BBC wrote that, Chaudhary Charan Singh was more than merely a political figure, a champion of farmers, a leader of a political party, or a past Prime Minister; he embodied an entire philosophy and way of thinking.{{Cite news |title=चौधरी चरण सिंह जो राजनीति के थे असली चौधरी |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-46654592 |access-date=18 March 2025 |work=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}

In Chaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life, Paul Brass, an American political scientist wrote that Singh was a visionary leader committed to rural development and farmer welfare. Brass highlights Singh’s legislative achievements, such as the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953, Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act of 1952, and the introduction of the Minimum Support Price (MSP), which empowered farmers and addressed caste divisions. Singh is depicted as a principled nationalist, advocating for agriculture over industrialization, though ambitious and entangled in Congress factional politics, notably clashing with Nehru. Brass emphasizes Singh’s strong support among Jats and backward castes in Uttar Pradesh, his social justice initiatives like inter-caste marriage incentives, and his dedication to public service without personal enrichment. Drawing from Singh’s personal files and interviews, Brass presents him as a forward-thinking politician whose policies influenced modern governance.{{Cite journal |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |date=1993 |title=Chaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400204 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=28 |issue=39 |pages=2087–2090 |jstor=4400204 |issn=0012-9976}}

File:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari releasing Hindi translation of the book titled ‘An Indian Political Life of Late Ch. Charan Singh’ authored by Mr. Paul Brass, in New Delhi.jpg, then Vice President of India along with H. D. Deve Gowda, former prime minister of India releasing Hindi transl. of book by Paul Brass on Charan Singh, in New Delhi]]

Over the years many contemporary and modern politicians have perceptions on Charan Singh. In February 2024, when announcing the Bharat Ratna for Charan Singh, prime minister Narendra Modi praised his contributions. He stated that, “It is the good fortune of our government that former prime minister Chaudhary Charan Singh is being honoured with Bharat Ratna. This honor is dedicated to his incomparable contribution to the country.” Modi further elaborated, “He had dedicated his entire life to the rights and welfare of farmers. He also stood firm against the Emergency. His dedication to our farmers and his commitment to democracy during the Emergency is inspiring to the entire nation.{{Cite news |date=2024-02-09 |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh to be conferred Bharat Ratna: All you need to know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chaudhary-charan-singh-to-be-conferred-with-bharat-ratna/articleshow/107550301.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}{{Cite news |last=Gaur |first=Vatsala |date=2024-02-20 |title=Honouring Charan Singh with Bharat Ratna akin to giving respect to farmers and labourers: PM Modi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/honouring-charan-singh-with-bharat-ratna-akin-to-giving-respect-to-farmers-and-labourers-pm-modi/articleshow/107831673.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}} R. Venkataraman, then president of India described Singh as “a champion for the cause of India’s peasantry” in a posthumous tribute{{Cite web |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh - A profile |url=https://charansingh.org/sites/default/files/1993.%20Chaudhary%20Charan%20Singh%20-%20A%20Profile.pdf |website=Lok Sabha Sacretariat, New Delhi}}

{{main|Electoral history of Charan Singh}}

In 1925, Singh married Gayatri Devi (1905–2002), who later became political leader, serving as an Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Iglas (1969) and Gokul (1974) in Uttar Pradesh, and as a Lok Sabha MP from Kairana (1980).{{Cite web |title=लोकसभा चुनाव फ्लैश बैक: जनता ने गायत्री देवी को हाथ जोड़ने से कर दिया था मना, कहा-आप वोट न मांगें |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/lok-sabha-election-flashback-public-had-stopped-gayatri-devi-to-join-hands-said-you-do-not-ask-for-votes-2024-03-20 |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}

The couple had six children: five daughters - Satya Vati, Ved Vati, Gyanwati, Sharda, Saroj and one son, Ajit Singh (1939–2021). Ajit, a former IBM employee with degrees from IIT Kharagpur and the Illinois Institute of Technology, entered politics in 1986, later founding the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD). He served as a Union Minister and represented Baghpat in the Lok Sabha for seven terms. Ajit married Radhika Singh in 1967, and they had one son and two daughters. He died of COVID-19 in May 2021.{{Cite web |date=6 May 2021 |title=RLD Chief Ajit Singh: Political career, age, wife, son, health, daughter and native place |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/rld-chief-ajit-singh-political-career-age-wife-son-health-daughter-and-native-place-1799481-2021-05-06 |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=7 May 2021 |title=Ajit Singh (1939-2021): The accidental politician who mastered the art of sharp turns |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ajit-singh-dead-rashtriya-lok-dal-coronavirus-7305019/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}

Charan Singh’s grandson, Jayant Chaudhary (born 1978), son of Ajit and Radhika, was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from Mathura in 2009 but lost in 2014 to Hema Malini. He also contested Baghpat in 2014, losing to Satyapal Singh of the BJP. Jayant became RLD president after his father’s death and was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 2022. He is married to Charu Singh, with whom he has two daughters.{{Cite web |date=10 June 2024 |title=Modi Cabinet 3.0: RLD chief Jayant Chaudhary appointed as MoS in skill development, education ministries |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/elections/story/modi-cabinet-30-rlds-jayant-chaudhary-gets-ministry-of-skill-development-and-entrepreneurship-432776-2024-06-10 |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=Business Today |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=9 June 2024 |title=Jayant Singh Chaudhary: The Jat leader from UP who is now a Union minister in Modi 3.0 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/jayant-singh-chaudhary-jat-leader-union-minister-narendra-modi-swearing-in-13780500.html |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}

File:Charan Singh with Gayatri Devi.jpg]]

• {{flag|India}}:
• 50px Bharat Ratna (9 February 2024, posthumous){{Cite news |title=PV Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, MS Swaminathan to get Bharat Ratna: PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-pms-narasimha-rao-chaudhary-charan-singh-and-ms-swaminathan-to-get-bharat-ratna-pm-modi-101707462720479.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 February 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329075210/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-pms-narasimha-rao-chaudhary-charan-singh-and-ms-swaminathan-to-get-bharat-ratna-pm-modi-101707462720479.html |url-status=live }}

Singh initially suffered a stroke on 29 November 1985. He could not recover from that condition despite being treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital, U.S. in March 1986. On 28 May 1987, Dr Jai Pal Singh along with other senior doctors from RML Hospital, New Delhi arrived at his residence around 11:35 p.m. (IST), after his respiration was found "unsteady".{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Nilova |date=29 May 1987 |title=LEADING INDIAN POLITICIAN CHARAN SINGH, 84, DIES |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/05/30/leading-indian-politician-charan-singh-84-dies/0e2167bb-3167-4f2f-ae82-32357ad6ce4f/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}

File:Charan Singh funeral procession at Delhi.jpg

Singh was then given oxygen support but efforts to revive him failed and was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) on 29 May 1987, due to "cardiac arrest" at the age of 85.{{Cite news |last1=Weisman |first1=Steven R. |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=30 May 1987 |title=CHARAN SINGH DIES AT AGE 85; INDIA'S FIFTH PRIME MINISTER |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/30/obituaries/charan-singh-dies-at-age-85-india-s-fifth-prime-minister.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619074656/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/30/obituaries/charan-singh-dies-at-age-85-india-s-fifth-prime-minister.html |url-status=live }}

Following his death, the Government of India announced a four day mourning and a state funeral. On 31 May 1987, Singh was given a state funeral in Delhi. He was cremated at the Kisan Ghat in Raj Ghat, New Delhi. Many leaders arrived at Singh residence on Tuglaq Road to pay their last respects such as then PM Rajiv Gandhi, Natwar Singh, former president Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Bansi Lal, Devi Lal, Ram Niwas Mirdha, N. D. Tiwari.{{cite news |date=30 May 1987 |title=Charan Singh Dead |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=woJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=955%2C2755701 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417041037/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=woJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=955%2C2755701 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=26 February 2018 |work=The Indian Express}}

{{See also|:Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh}}

File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh paying floral tribute to the former Prime Minister, Late Ch. Charan Singh on his 104th birth anniversary at Kisan Ghat in Delhi on December 23, 2006.jpg

Singh, often hailed as the ‘Champion of Farmers,’ left behind a rich legacy that continues to inspire and shape the agricultural landscape of India. His contributions to the welfare of the farmers and the rural community were profound and multifaceted.

Singh’s journey as a stalwart for farmers’ rights began with his instrumental role in piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act of 1950, which aimed to redistribute land from the zamindars to the tillers, and the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953, which sought to prevent the fragmentation of agricultural land.{{Cite web |title=Chaudhary Charan Singh – a True Champion of the Indian Farmer |url=https://thewire.in/history/charan-singh-a-true-champion-of-the-indian-farmer |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=The Wire |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525172103/http://thewire.in/history/charan-singh-a-true-champion-of-the-indian-farmer |url-status=live }}

Singh was the chief architect of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where he played a pivotal role in the formulation and finalisation of the Debt Redemption Bill 1939. This legislation brought significant relief to rural debtors, easing the burden of debts that had long plagued the agricultural community.{{Cite web |date=23 December 2022 |title=National Farmer's Day 2022: Why is Farmer's Day or Kisan Diwas celebrated on December 23? |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/why-is-national-farmers-day-celebrated-on-december-23-1671764133-1 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527193727/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/why-is-national-farmers-day-celebrated-on-december-23-1671764133-1 |url-status=live }}

As Chief Minister of U.P., Singh was instrumental in enacting the Land Holding Act of 1960. This act aimed at lowering the ceiling on land holdings to make it uniform throughout the state, thereby promoting fairer land distribution and addressing the disparities in land ownership.

Singh’s birthday, 23 December, was declared as Kisan Diwas or National Farmers’ Day in 2001. This day is celebrated across India to honor his memory and his unwavering dedication to the agrarian community.{{Cite web |date=23 December 2023 |title=Kisan Diwas 2023: Know its history and significance - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/kisan-diwas-2023-know-its-history-and-significance-18632811.htm/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}} To commemorate his second death anniversary, the Government of India issued a postage stamp on 29 May 1990. The stamp symbolises the nation’s respect for his contributions as the 5th prime minister of India and a champion of farmers’ rights.{{Cite web |title=CHARAN SINGH |url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/C/CHARAN%20SINGH |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=www.indianpost.com |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702054738/https://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/C/CHARAN%20SINGH |url-status=live }} His commitment to the agricultural sector were further immortalised with the establishment of Kisan Ghat in 1987 as this memorial in New Delhi serves as a serene place where people pay their respects to the man who was often referred to as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’{{Cite web |title=Meerut News: किसान घाट पर चौ. चरणसिंह को श्रद्धांजलि देने जाएंगे 5000 गांव के लोग |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/at-kisan-ghat-ch-5000-village-people-will-go-to-pay-tribute-to-charan-singh-meerut-news-c-14-mrt1028-415224-2023-12-20 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409124815/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/at-kisan-ghat-ch-5000-village-people-will-go-to-pay-tribute-to-charan-singh-meerut-news-c-14-mrt1028-415224-2023-12-20 |url-status=live }}

File:Narendra Modi paying tributes at the portrait of the former Prime Minister, Late Ch. Charan Singh, on his 113th birth anniversary, at Parliament House, in New Delhi. The Speaker, Lok Sabha.jpg

Several monuments and institutions have been named after Singh to honour his legacy which includes the Chaudhary Charan Singh University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, and the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, which was renamed in his honour. On 23 December 2023, a 51-foot statue of Singh was unveiled by Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in Bilari, Moradabad district coinciding Singh’s birth anniversary.{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=23 December 2023 |title=Yogi Adityanath unveils 51-foot statue of former PM Charan Singh, lauds farmers contribution in India's development |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/yogi-adityanath-unveils-51-foot-statue-of-former-pm-charan-singh-lauds-farmers-contribution-in-indias-development/article67669667.ece |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114165201/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/yogi-adityanath-unveils-51-foot-statue-of-former-pm-charan-singh-lauds-farmers-contribution-in-indias-development/article67669667.ece |url-status=live }}

On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award by President Droupadi Murmu, for his exceptional service and contributions to the agricultural sector, particularly in Uttar Pradesh. Singh’s multifaceted personality encompassed roles as a patriot, administrator, statesman, and a man of integrity and humanist values.{{Cite news |date=11 February 2024 |title=Who is Chaudhary Charan Singh: Bharat Ratna winner, symbol of farmer empowerment |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/who-is-chaudhary-charan-singh-bharat-ratna-winner-symbol-of-farmer-empowerment/articleshow/107596481.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}{{Cite web |date=9 February 2024 |title=Bharat Ratna for Chaudhary Charan Singh: Why this is significant |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/bharat-ratna-chaudhary-charan-singh-9152952/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527195405/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/bharat-ratna-chaudhary-charan-singh-9152952/ |url-status=live }}

File:Charan_Singh_1990_stamp_of_India.jpgKisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by the Films Division of India which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to the Indian agriculture sector.{{Cite web|title=Kisan Kranti Ke Prenta Chowdhary Charan Singh {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kisan-kranti-ke-prenta-chowdhary-charan-singh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001221750/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kisan-kranti-ke-prenta-chowdhary-charan-singh|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=10 June 2021|website=filmsdivision.org}}{{Citation|last=Films Division|title=Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh – Part 2|date=3 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNUFhZix6TU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zNUFhZix6TU |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=10 June 2021}}{{cbignore}} Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series Pradhanmantri ({{Lit|Prime Minister}}), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,{{Cite web|date=6 October 2013|title=Pradhanmantri – Episode 13: India after emergency, Janata Party wins general election|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMTXTPAvfxk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/QMTXTPAvfxk |archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live|publisher=ABP News}}{{cbignore}} by Sundaram in the 2019 film NTR: Mahanayakudu which is based on the life of Indian actor-politician N. T. Rama Rao.,{{Cite web|title=NTR: Kathanayakudu|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2021|website=Amazon Prime Video|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611124106/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/NTR-Kathanayakudu/0N4PB9HFLEO7GYIAK0EV05XWN9 |archive-date=11 June 2021 }} and by Govind Namdeo in the 2021 film Main Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CM Mulayam Singh Yadav.{{Cite web|date=15 July 2020|title=Main Mulayam Singh Yadav {{!}} Official Trailer|website=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821071959/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mEa3Ge2-44 |archive-date=21 August 2020 }}

• Abolition of Zamindari (1947){{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Abolition of Zamindari, Two Alternatives {{!}} Charan Singh |url=https://charansingh.org/books/243 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=charansingh.org |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227144752/https://charansingh.org/books/243 |url-status=live }}
• Whither Co-operative Farming (1956){{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Whither Co-operative Farming {{!}} Charan Singh Archives |url=https://charansingh.org/books/245 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=charansingh.org |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629094739/https://charansingh.org/books/245 |url-status=live }}
• Agrarian Revolution in Uttar Pradesh (1957){{Cite web|title=Agrarian Revolution in Uttar Pradesh {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/316|access-date=27 December 2021|website=charansingh.org|date=22 September 2015|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227144753/https://charansingh.org/books/316|url-status=live}}
• Joint Farming X-rayed (1959){{Cite web|title=Joint Farming X-Rayed: the Problem and its Solution {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/554|access-date=27 December 2021|website=charansingh.org|date=22 September 2015 }}
• India’s Poverty and Its Solution (1964){{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=India's Poverty and {{as written|I|t's [sic]}} Solution {{!}} Charan Singh |url=https://charansingh.org/books/552 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=charansingh.org |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227144802/https://charansingh.org/books/552 |url-status=live }}
• India's Economic Policy – The Gandhian Blueprint (1978){{Cite web|title=India's Economic Policy – The Gandhian Blueprint {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/550|access-date=27 December 2021|website=charansingh.org|date=22 September 2015|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227144751/https://charansingh.org/books/550|url-status=live}}
• Economic Nightmare of India: Its Cause and Cure (1981){{Cite web|title=Economic Nightmare of India – Its Cause and Cure {{!}} Charan Singh|url=https://charansingh.org/books/544|access-date=27 December 2021|website=charansingh.org|date=22 September 2015 }}
• Land Reforms in UP and the Kulaks (1986){{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Land Reforms in UP and the Kulaks {{!}} Charan Singh |url=https://charansingh.org/books/536 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=charansingh.org}}
• Peasant Proprietorship or Land to the Workers
• Prevention of Division of Holdings Below a Certain Minimum

• Bharatiya Kisan Union
• Lok Dal
• Chaudhary Charan Singh University
• Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport
• Janata Dal (Secular)

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|author=Paul R Brass|author-link=Paul Brass|title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1957 to 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOH1MAEACAAJ|year=2012|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0947-1}}

• {{commons category-inline}}
• {{wikiquote-inline}}
• {{OL author}}
• [https://charansingh.org Public archives on Charan Singh]

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