:Chicken feet

{{Infobox food

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| caption = Chicken feet and other chicken parts for sale on a roadside cart in Haikou, Hainan, China.

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{{Chinese|pic=|piccap=|picsize=220px|t=鳳爪|s=凤爪|p=fèngzhuǎ|bpmf=ㄈㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄚˇ|y=fuhngjáau|j=fung6zaau2|sl=fung6jaau2|l=Fenghuang claws
or
Phoenix talons (claws)|mi={{IPA|cmn|fə̂ŋʈʂwà|}}|ci={{IPA|yue|fòŋtsǎːu|}}|showflag=p}}

Chicken feet are cooked and eaten in many countries. After an outer layer of hard skin is removed, most of the edible tissue on the feet consists of skin and tendons, with no muscle. This gives the feet a distinct gelatinous texture different from the rest of the chicken meat.

Around the world

= China =

File:2015 0410 Chicken feet dim sum.jpg restaurant in the Netherlands]]

Chicken feet are used in several regional Chinese cuisines; they can be served as a beer snack, cold dish, soup or main dish. They are interchangeably called Fèng zhǎo (鳯爪, phoenix claws), Jī zhǎo (鷄爪, chicken claws), and Jī jiǎo (雞脚, chicken feet).

In Guangdong and Hong Kong,{{cite web

|url=http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489

|title=40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without

|author1=Christopher DeWolf

|author2=Izzy Ozawa

|author3=Tiffany Lam

|author4=Virginia Lau

|author5=Zoe Li

|work=CNN Go

|date=13 July 2010

|access-date=13 August 2012

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105093220/http://www.cnngo.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489

|archive-date=5 November 2012

|url-status=dead

}} they are typically deep fried and steamed first to make them puffy before being stewed and simmered in a sauce flavoured with black fermented beans, bean paste, and sugar;Shimabukuro, Betty.

[http://starbulletin.com/98/11/11/features/request.html "Dive In, Feet First"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120630131308/http://archives.starbulletin.com/98/11/11/features/request.html |date=30 June 2012 }}, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 11 November 1998. or in abalone sauce.

File:Chicken feet packaged.jpg

In mainland China, popular snack bars specializing in marinated food such as yabozi (duck's necks) also sell lu ji zhua (鹵雞爪, marinated chicken feet), which are simmered with soy sauce, Sichuanese peppercorn, clove, garlic, star anise, cinnamon, and chili flakes. Today, packaged chicken feet are sold in most grocery stores and supermarkets in China as a snack, often seasoned with rice vinegar and chili. Another popular recipe is bai yun feng zhao ({{lang|zh|白雲鳯爪}}), which is marinated in a sauce of rice vinegar, rice wine flavored with sugar, salt, and minced ginger for an extended period and served as a cold dish. In southern China, they also cook chicken feet with raw peanuts to make a thin soup.

The huge demand in China raises the price of chicken feet, which are often used as fodder in other countries. As of June 2011, 1 kg of raw chicken feet costs around 12 to 16 yuan in China, compared to 11–12 yuan for 1 kg of frozen chicken breast. In 2000, Hong Kong, once the largest entrepôt for shipping chicken feet from over 30 countries, traded a total of 420,000 tons of chicken feet at the value of US$230 million.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232309/http://gb.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1000/6/2/9/100062977.html?coluid=10&kindid=254&docid=100062977&mdate=0911123624 中国入世　香港「鸡脚港」失守], China Review News, 21 November 2005. Two years after joining the WTO in 2001, China approved the direct import of American chicken feet, and since then China has been the major destination of chicken feet from around the globe.

Aside from chicken feet, duck feet are also popular.[http://www.globalgourmet.com/destinations/hongkong/hkdishes.html "Hong Kong Dim Sum Dishes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109075421/http://www.globalgourmet.com/destinations/hongkong/hkdishes.html |date=9 January 2007 }}, Global Gourmet, January 2007. Duck feet with mustard, which is often served with vinegar, fresh green pepper, and crushed garlic, is a popular salad/appetizer.

= Eastern Europe =

File:Racitura Meat Jelly Moldavian Cuisine.JPG

In Russia, Ukraine,{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Romania,{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} and Moldova,{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} chicken feet are cleaned, seasoned, and boiled, often with vegetables, and then cooled, to make an aspic called kholodets in Russian and Ukrainian, and piftie or răcitură in Romanian. The legs are not always eaten, however, the chicken is cooked with its legs, as they contain a high amount of gelatin.

= Indonesia =

In Indonesian cuisine, chicken feet are known as ceker, and it is a common popular delicacy in Indonesia, especially in Java. The most common way to serve chicken feet in Indonesia is in a spicy traditional soup called soto, nevertheless, the Chinese style dimsum chicken feet are also available in some Chinese restaurants in Indonesia. Soto ceker{{cite web |url=http://www.resepsotoayam.com/ |title=aneka resep soto |publisher=resep soto ayam |language=id |access-date=3 Nov 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026185624/http://www.resepsotoayam.com/ |archive-date=26 October 2016 |url-status=dead }} is chicken foot served in rather clear yellowish spicy soto broth soup, which uses spices including ground shallot, garlic, galangal, ginger, candlenut, bruised lemongrass, daun salam (Indonesian bay leaf) and turmeric that add the yellowish color, served with cabbage, celery, rice noodles, and garnished to taste with sambal, lime and soy.{{cite web| work = Qraved |title = Soto Ceker Kuta Is a Local Legend| date = January 21, 2015 | url =http://www.qraved.com/journal/restaurants/soto-ceker-kuta-local-legend/}}

File:Soto Ceker 1.jpg ceker, Indonesian chicken feet soup.]]

Soto ceker is one of the popular street foods in Jakarta, Bali, Surabaya, Bandung, and most of the major cities in Indonesia. In street-side warung or humble restaurants, soto ceker is usually offered as a variation of popular soto ayam (chicken soto), which employs the identical soup base with chicken soto. A popular soto ceker stall such as Soto Ceker Pak Ali in Gandaria Street, South Jakarta, can use up to 40 kilograms of chicken feet every day, although the stall is only open from 4 p.m. to 11 p.m., and can reap Rp 5 million (US$360) in sales each day.{{cite news|title = Gandaria street food satisfies palates of all | newspaper = The Jakarta Post | location = Jakarta | date = 7 November 2015| url =http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/11/07/gandaria-street-food-satisfies-palates-all.html}}

Another popular way to prepare chicken feet is serving it in a simple soup (sop or sup) called sop ceker, which mainly contains chicken broth, chicken feet, vegetables, especially potato and carrot, shallot, garlic, and black pepper. The deep-fried peeled chicken feet, which have been separated from their bones, might be served as a crispy snack treats as kripik ceker (chicken feet crackers).

File:Chicken feet snack.jpg (cracker).]]

In Indonesia, soft peeled boneless chicken feet are a popular choice for baby food — given to babies between 6 and 12 months old. It is often served as nasi tim: steamed rice with boneless chicken feet, mashed liver, and vegetable broth.{{cite web | work = Gain and Ministry of Health Indonesia | title = Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition Formative Research in Sidoarjo, May 2013, Summary of Findings | url = http://www.gainhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Maternal-Infant-and-Young-Child-Nutrition-research-in-Sidaorjo-Indonesia.pdf | page = 4 | access-date = 19 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126164351/http://www.gainhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Maternal-Infant-and-Young-Child-Nutrition-research-in-Sidaorjo-Indonesia.pdf | archive-date = 26 January 2016 | url-status = dead }} Chicken feet which consist of tendons, skin, and cartilage, are rich in gelatinous collagen, and are traditionally believed to be beneficial for infants' skin, nails, joints, and bone development.{{cite web | title = 10 Manfaat Ceker Ayam Bagi Kesehatan | date = 24 May 2015 | url = http://manfaat.co.id/manfaat-ceker-ayam | language = id}}{{cite web | title = Manfaat Ceker Ayam Sebagai Makanan Bayi | work = Ibu dan Mama | url = http://ibudanmama.com/pola-asuh/0-12-bulan/manfaat-ceker-ayam-sebagai-makanan-bayi/ | language = id}}

= Jamaica =

In Jamaican cuisine, chicken feet are mainly used to make chicken foot soup.{{cite web|url=http://jamaicandinners.com/jamaican-food/recipes/jamaican-soups.html|title=Jamaican Soup Food Catalogue|website=jamaicandinners.com|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-date=19 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219121557/http://www.jamaicandinners.com/jamaican-food/recipes/jamaican-soups.html|url-status=dead}} The soup contains yams, potatoes, green bananas, dumplings, and special spices in addition to the chicken feet, and is slow-cooked for a minimum of two hours. Chicken feet are also curried or stewed and served as a main part of a meal.

= Kenya =

In Kenyan cuisine, chicken feet are known as Virenjee and it is a common delicacy in Kenya. The feet are submerged in hot water so the outer skin can be removed by peeling it off. Then the legs are covered with seasonings and grilled

= Korea =

File:Dakbal-bokkeum.jpg

In Korea, chicken feet are known as dakbal ({{lang|ko|닭발}}), and grilled or stir-fried with hot chili sauce. There are many types of cooking methods, including bone-free, cooked with soup, and so on. They are often eaten as anju (food served with alcohol).

= Kosher =

Chicken feet are commonly used as a main or supplementary ingredient in kosher chicken soup.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4G0q4FAaP-YC&q=chicken+feet+in+kosher+soup&pg=PT82|title=Jewish Holiday Cooking: A Food Lover's Treasury of Classics and Improvisations|first=Jayne|last=Cohen|date=26 September 2012|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0544187030|access-date=30 May 2017|via=Google Books}}

= Malaysia =

Chicken feet are also known as ceker in Malaysia and are traditionally popular mostly among Malays of Javanese, Chinese, and Siamese descent. Many traditional Malay restaurants in the state of Johor offer chicken feet that are cooked together with Malay-style curry and eaten with roti canai. In the state of Selangor, chicken feet are either boiled in soup until the bones are soft with vegetables and spices or deep fried in palm oil. Chicken feet are also eaten by Malaysian Chinese in traditional Chinese cooking style.

= Mexico =

Chicken feet (also known as “patitas”) are a popular ingredient across Mexico, particularly in stews and soups. They are often steamed to become part of a main dish with rice, vegetables, and most likely another part of the chicken, such as the breast or thighs. The feet can be seasoned with mole sauce. On occasion, they are breaded and fried.

Many people will also take the chicken feet in hand as a snack and chew the soft outer skin, while the inner bone structure is left uneaten. Another such popular snack is chicken necks (also known as "pescuezos") that are usually sold by street vendors and accompanied with salsa Valentina (hot sauce).

= Myanmar =

In Myanmar chicken feet are most commonly eaten in salads and soups.

= Philippines =

File:Chicken_feet1.jpg in Banaue Avenue, Quezon City Chinese New Year 2024]]

In the Philippines, chicken feet are marinated in a mixture of calamansi, spices, and brown sugar before being grilled. A popular staple in Philippine street food, chicken feet are commonly known as "adidas" (named after the athletic shoe brand Adidas). Chicken feet is also an ingredient in Philippine adobo.

= Portugal =

In Portugal, chicken feet are popular in the Azores. Normally cooked into a fried rice with spices and olive oil or accompanied with a side of rice. It can be stewed with beans or made as a one pot dish. Cilantro is added in mainland Portugal for additional taste.

= South Africa =

In South Africa, chicken feet are mainly eaten in townships in all nine provinces, where they are known as "moatwana or amanqina" (together with the head, intestine, hearts and giblets), "runaways"," and "Amanqina" (in isiXhosa) [http://www.joburg.org.za/2004/may/may31_feet.stm Chicken Feet Take Off In Soweto] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007172217/http://www.joburg.org.za/2004/may/may31_feet.stm |date=7 October 2006 }}, Johannesburg News Agency, 31 May 2004. The feet are submerged in hot water, so the outer layer of the skin can be removed by peeling it off, and then covered in seasonings and grilled. The name "chicken dust" derives from the dust chickens create when scratching the ground with their feet. They are often eaten as a snack.

= Thailand =

File:Khanom chin kaeng kiao wan kai.jpg kaeng khiao wan kai is Thai green chicken curry served over rice noodles. This particular version is made with chicken feet.]]

In Thai cuisine, the chicken feet are served in a variety of dishes, such as in a version of chicken green curry.

= Trinidad =

In Trinidad, the chicken feet are cleaned, seasoned, boiled in seasoned water, and left to soak with cucumbers, onions, peppers and green seasoning until cool. It is eaten as a party dish called chicken foot souse.

File:Taiwanese Chicken feet galantine.jpg