:Executive Yuan
{{Short description|Executive body of the Republic of China}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Executive Yuan
| native_name =
| native_name_a = 行政院
| native_name_r = Xíngzhèng Yuàn {{small|(Mandarin)}}
Hêng-chèng-īⁿ {{small|(Taiwanese Hokkien)}}
Hàng-chṳn Yen {{small|(Hakka)}}
| type =
| seal =
| seal_size =
| seal_caption =
| seal_alt =
| logo = File:行政院.svg
| logo_size = 300px
| logo_caption =
| logo_alt =
| image = 行政院大廈2.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| formed = 25 October 1928 (in mainland China)
10 March 1950 (in Taipei)
| preceding1 = Cabinet of the Republic of China
Government-General of Taiwan
| dissolved = 1 October 1949 (mainland China)
| agency_type =
| jurisdiction = Government of the Republic of China
| status = Active in the Free area of the Republic of China, defunct in Mainland China
| headquarters = No. 1, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Zhongzheng, Taipei
| coordinates =
| motto =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = Cho Jung-tai
| chief1_position = Premier{{cite web |url = http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201412030039.aspx|title=Mao Chi-kuo named as premier (update) |work=focustaiwan.tw|date=3 December 2014 }}
| chief2_name = Cheng Li-chun
| chief2_position = Vice Premier
| chief3_name = Kung Ming-hsin
| chief3_position = Secretary-General
| chief4_name = Ho Pei-shan, Lee Guo-shin
| chief4_position = Deputy Secretary-General{{cite web |url = http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201412050023.aspx|title=Taiwan retains most Cabinet members in reshuffle |work=focustaiwan.tw|date=5 December 2014 }}
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| parent_agency_type =
| child1_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = {{Official website|https://english.ey.gov.tw/}}
| agency_id =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| footnotes =
| embed =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| collapse = no
| c = {{linktext|行政院}}
| l = Executive Court
| bpmf = ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄩㄢˋ
| w = Hsing2-cheng4 Yüan4
| p = Xíngzhèng Yuàn
| tp = Síngjhèng Yuàn
| mps = Shíngjèng Yuàn
| gr = Shynjenq Yuann
| poj = Hêng-chèng Īⁿ
| tl = Hîng-tsìng Īnn
| h = Hàng-chṳn Yen
}}
{{Politics of Taiwan footer}}
The Executive Yuan ({{zh|t=行政院|p=Xíngzhèng Yuàn}}) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet.{{cite web |author1=葉耀元 |title=總統制、半總統制、內閣制？台灣到底需要什麼樣的憲政框架？ |url=https://whogovernstw.org/2015/02/21/yaoyuanyeh2/ |website=菜市場政治學 |access-date=11 June 2020 |date=21 February 2015}} The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.
Organization and structure
The Executive Yuan is headed by the Premier (or President of the Executive Yuan) and includes its Vice Premier, fourteen cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to nine ministers without portfolio. The Vice Premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China on the recommendation of the Premier.{{cite web|url=https://english.ey.gov.tw/Page/E43650B2CB14861B|title=Structure and Functions|website=Executive Yuan|date=December 2011 |access-date=16 November 2021}}
Its formation, as one of five branches ("Yuans") of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in the ROC by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China.
Members
= Leaders =
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
| colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Leader | ||
|---|---|---|
| English Name
! Chinese | ||
| Premier | 院長
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}" | | Cho Jung-tai |
| Vice Premier | 副院長
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | |
| Secretary-General
|秘書長 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
= Ministries =
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
| colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Minister | ||
|---|---|---|
| English Name
! Chinese | ||
| Interior | |內政部
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Liu Shyh-fang |
| Foreign Affairs | 外交部
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Lin Chia-lung |
| National Defense | 國防部
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Wellington Koo |
| Finance | |財政部
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Chuang Tsui-yun |
| Education | 教育部
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Cheng Ying-yao
| 100px |
| Justice | 法務部
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Cheng Ming-chien
| 100px |
| Economic Affairs | |經濟部
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | J.W. Kuo |
| Transportation and Communications | 交通部
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Chen Shih-kai |
| Labor | 勞動部
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Hung Sun-han |
| Health and Welfare | 衛生福利部
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Chiu Tai-yuan
| 100px |
| Culture | 文化部
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | | Li Yuan |
| Digital Affairs | 數位發展部
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | | Huang Yen-nun |
| Agriculture
|農業部 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | ||
| Environment
|環境部 | style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
= Agencies =
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Minister |
|---|
| English Name
! Chinese |
| National Development Council
|國家發展委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| National Science and Technology Council
|國家科學及技術委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Mainland Affairs Council
|大陸委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| |
| Financial Supervisory Commission
|金融監督管理委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Ocean Affairs Council
|海洋委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| |
| Overseas Community Affairs Council
|僑務委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| |
| Veterans Affairs Council
|國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Council of Indigenous Peoples
|原住民族委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| |
| Hakka Affairs Council
|客家委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Public Construction Commission
|公共工程委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| |
| National Palace Museum
|國立故宮博物院 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics
|主計總處 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Directorate-General of Personnel Administration
|人事行政總處 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
== Independent Organs ==
The heads of these independent institutions under the Executive Yuan Council would not be affected by any change of the Premier.
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Chair |
|---|
| English Name
! Chinese |
| Central Election Commission
|中央選舉委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Fair Trade Commission
|公平交易委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| National Communications Commission
|國家通訊傳播委員會 |style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
| Central Bank
|中央銀行 | style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
= Other roles =
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
| colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Leader | ||
|---|---|---|
| English Name
! Chinese | ||
| Minister without Portfolio | |政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Chen Shih-chung |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Shih Che |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Dereck Chen |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Yang Jen-ni |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Lin Min-hsin |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Chi Lien-cheng |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Liu Jin-ching |
| Minister without Portfolio | 政務委員
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | Wu Cheng-wen |
| Spokesperson | 發言人
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}"| | Michelle Lee |
Organizations no longer under Executive Yuan
File:Xingzheng Yuan, Dongjian Dao.jpg (1928–1937)]]
File:Nanjing Political College 3.JPG (1946–1949)]]
Duencies may be dissolved or merged with other agencies. Based on Executive Yuan website, the following bodies are no longer agencies under the Executive Yuan:{{cite web |url = https://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=DC6266AD4F1349A5 |title=Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan)-Ministries and Agencies |publisher=Ey.gov.tw |date=2006-06-15 |access-date=2014-05-07}}
- Consumer Protection Commission, restructured as the Consumer Protection Committee on 1 January 2012
- Aviation Safety Council, became an independent agency on 20 May 2012, later renamed Taiwan Transportation Safety Board{{cite web |url=http://www.asc.gov.tw/asc_en/aboutasc_2.asp |title=Aviation Safety Council-About ASC-Organizations |access-date=2014-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524014448/http://www.asc.gov.tw/asc_en/aboutasc_2.asp |archive-date=2014-05-24 }}
- National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission: a task-force-grouped committee authorized by the law of Disaster Prevention and Protection.{{cite web |url=http://www.ndppc.nat.gov.tw/ |title=行政院災害防救委員會 -- 首頁 |website=www.ndppc.nat.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503184139/http://www.ndppc.nat.gov.tw/ |archive-date=3 May 2009 |url-status=dead}} It was restructured as an implementation unit on 1 February 2010, and renamed to Office of Disaster Management.{{Cite web |last= |date=2011-12-01 |title=行政院全球資訊網 |url=https://english.ey.gov.tw/Page/E43650B2CB14861B |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912230940/https://english.ey.gov.tw/Page/E43650B2CB14861B |archive-date=2024-09-12 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=2.16.886.101.20003 |language=zh-tw}}
- National Youth Commission, put under Ministry of Education as Youth Development Administration on 1 January 2013.
- Sports Affairs Council, put under Ministry of Education as Sports Administration on 1 January 2013.
- Coast Guard Administration, put under Ocean Affairs Council on 28 April 2018.
- Atomic Energy Council, restructured as the Nuclear Safety Commission on 27 September 2023.
= Dissolved or ceased to function =
- Government Information Office on 20 May 2012
- Council for Economic Planning and Development on 21 January 2014
- Research, Development and Evaluation Commission on 21 January 2014
- Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission on 15 September 2017
Executive Yuan Council
The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" ({{lang|zh-hant|內閣}}), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of the ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills concerning martial law, amnesty, declarations of war, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan.
Relationship with the Legislative Yuan
The Executive Yuan Council must present the Legislators with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Committee may also summon members of the Executive Yuan Council for questioning.
Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Council and Executive Yuan Council, the Legislative Committee may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan Council to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislators to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Council upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan Council may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Committee is deemed difficult to execute.
Executive Yuan Building
The Executive Yuan Building was built in 1940 as the new city hall for Taipei, on the site of Huashan Elementary School.{{cite web | url=https://history.ey.gov.tw/en/structure/#tab-buildingusagehistory | title=Architecture - Design and Construction | work=Executive Yuan | location=Taipei, Taiwan | access-date=18 January 2024}} After Taiwan was handed over to the Republic of China in 1945, Taipei's city hall was relocated to the former campus of Jian Cheng Elementary School.{{cite web | url=https://www.mocataipei.org.tw/en/About/%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3 | title=About MoCA | work=Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei | access-date=13 January 2024}} The old city hall building was turned over to house the provincial government for Taiwan. It became the Executive Yuan building in 1957.{{cite web | url=https://history.ey.gov.tw/en/structure/#tab-buildingusagehistory | title=Architecture - Building Usage History | work=Executive Yuan | location=Taipei, Taiwan | access-date=18 January 2024}}
The Executive Yuan building has been open to the public since 2003.{{cite news | url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/02/04/193353 | title=Take a glimpse into the government's living room | author=Ko Shu-ling | work=Taipei Times | date=4 February 2003 | access-date=18 January 2024}}{{cite web | url=https://history.ey.gov.tw/en/booking/ | title=Appoitnment | work=Executive Yuan | location=Taipei, Taiwan | access-date=18 January 2024}} It is accessible within walking distance east of Taipei Main Station or west of Shandao Temple Station of Taipei Metro.
See also
{{Portal|China|Taiwan|Politics}}
- Department of State Affairs in the Three Departments and Six Ministries system
- Ming dynasty: Central Secretariat → Grand Secretariat
- Qing dynasty: Grand Secretariat → Grand Council → Cabinet
- Republic of China: State Council (1912–28); Politics of the Republic of China; Government of the Republic of China
- People's Republic of China: Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–54) → State Council of the People's Republic of China (1954–present); Ministries of the PRC
- Government-General of Taiwan (1895–1945)
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{Official site|https://english.ey.gov.tw}}
{{Executive Yuan}}
{{Executive Yuan Officials}}
{{Asia topic | Cabinet of |title = National cabinets of Asia }}
Category:Government agencies established in 1928