:Finland–Turkey relations
{{bilateral|Finnish–Turkish|Finland|Turkey|mission1= Embassy of Finland, Ankara|mission2= Embassy of Turkey, Helsinki}}
Finland–Turkey relations are foreign relations between Finland and Turkey. Finland has an embassy in Ankara and an honorary consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Helsinki.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Union for the Mediterranean. Finland is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Finland supports Turkey's accession to the EU.{{cite web |url = https://yle.fi/a/3-5334101 |title = Halonen lupaa Suomen tukevan Turkin EU-jäsenyyttä |language = fi |date = March 29, 2011 |work = yle.fi |access-date = 23 December 2024 |archive-date = 28 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230928210518/https://yle.fi/a/3-5334101 |url-status = live }} Turkey did not support Finland's accession to NATO until March 2023, but accepted its participation.
History
File:Finnish Tatars celebrating Turkey 1933.jpg celebrating Turkey in Tampere, October 1933]]
The Ottoman Empire recognized the independence of Finland on February 21, 1918. Diplomatic relations between them were established on September 12, 1926. Relations between the two countries were described as being friendly though due to geographical separation, co-operation was limited. The first ambassador to Turkey was established in 1931 and an embassy in 1940. Finnish President at the time, Urho Kekkonen, made a state visit to Turkey in 1971, being the first Nordic head of state to visit Turkey in 250 years. Finnish tourism to Turkey increased in the 1980s, when destinations were established first to Marmara region and later to Alanya and Side. Finland was among the first countries to support Turkey's accession to the EU.{{cite web |title=Kahdenväliset suhteet |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/tur/kahdenvaliset-suhteet |publisher=Finnish embassy in Ankara |access-date=29 October 2022 |language=Finnish}}
In 2008, the front door of the Turkish embassy in Helsinki was set on fire. The day prior to that, a Kurdish demonstration was staged by the embassy. Four young men of Turkish-Kurdish background were brought into custody. The Police stated it was politically motivated.{{cite web |title=Turkish Embassy in Helsinki Defaced |url=https://yle.fi/news/3-6116025 |website=yle news |date=21 October 2008 |publisher=YLE |access-date=29 October 2022}}
Finland stopped selling weapons to Turkey in 2019 due to Turkey's military operation in Syria.{{cite web |url =https://anfturkce.com/guncel/finlandiya-tuerkiye-ye-silah-satisini-durdurdu-131381 |title = Finlandiya, Türkiye'ye silah satışını durdurdu.|language=tr|date = October 9, 2019 |work =ANF }}
In 2020, a Finnish citizen was arrested in Turkey, being suspected of having links to ISIS. Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs reported that it was aware of the arrest but refused to comment on it.{{cite web |title=Finnish citizen arrested in Turkey, suspected of involvement in terror group Isis |url=https://yle.fi/news/3-11582603 |website=yle news |date=7 October 2020 |publisher=YLE |access-date=29 October 2022}}
In January 2023, Finland lifted its embargo on weapons exports to Turkey.{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-finland-permits-first-defence-export|title=Finland permits first defence export to Turkey since 2019|date=2023-01-25|accessdate=2023-04-09|publisher=Middle East Eye|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409164803/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-finland-permits-first-defence-export|url-status=live}}
= Osman Kavala dispute =
In October 2021, in the wake of the appeal for the release of Turkish activist Osman Kavala signed by 10 western countries, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ordered his foreign minister to declare the Finnish ambassador persona non grata, alongside the other 9 ambassadors.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-to-declare-10-ambassadors-persona-non-grata/a-59604866|website=dw.com|title=Turkey to declare 10 ambassadors 'persona non grata'|date=23 October 2021}} Following a statement by the ambassadors, reiterating their compliance with Article 41 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations regarding the diplomatic duty not to interfere in host states’ internal affairs, President Erdoğan decided to not expel the ambassadors.{{cite news |title=Erdoğan backpedals, says 10 Western envoys can stay in Turkey |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-president-recep-tayyip-erdogan-expel-western-ambassadors-diplomatic-crisis-osman-kavala/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=POLITICO |date=26 October 2021 |language=en}}
In October 2021, Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin reacted sharply to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who declared his country's ambassador deported. And Marin also asked Erdoğan to implement the European Court of Human Rights decisions and to respect the ECHR judgments.{{cite web |url =https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/amp/dunya/finlandiya-basbakani-sanna-marin-erdoganin-tepkisi-uzuntu-verici-1879471 |title = Finlandiya Başbakanı Sanna Marin: Erdoğan'ın tepkisi üzüntü verici |language=tr|date = October 25, 2021 |work = Cumhuriyet }}
=== Accession of Finland to NATO ===
{{See also|Accession of Finland to NATO}}
In 2022, Turkey opposed Finland joining NATO because according to Turkey it hosts “terrorist organisations” which act against Turkey (including the PKK, PYD, YPG and Gulen movement). (However, the Gülen movement is on the list of terrorist organizations in Turkey. However, it is not on the list of terrorist organizations in Finland and the PKK is on the list of terrorist organizations in Turkey and Finland).{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/erdogan-says-turkey-not-positive-finland-sweden-joining-nato-2022-05-13/ |title=Erdogan says Turkey not supportive of Finland, Sweden joining NATO |website=Reuters|first1=Ece|last1=Toksabay|first2=Essi|last2=Lehto|date=13 May 2022}} In May 2022, Turkey quickly blocked the applications for NATO membership of Finland's from proceeding through an accelerated process.{{cite web|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2022/05/18/nyt-turkiye-isvec-ve-finlandiya-n-n-nato-ya-h-zl-uyeligini-bloke-etti|title=NYT: Türkiye, İsveç ve Finlandiya'nın NATO'ya hızlı üyeliğini bloke etti|date=2022-05-18|language=tr|publisher=tr.euronews.com}} In May 2022, Turkey vetoed Finland's NATO membership.{{cite web |url =https://www.yenisafak.com/dunya/turkiyeden-isvec-ve-finlandiyaya-ilk-veto-3820504 |title =Türkiye'den İsveç ve Finlandiya'ya ilk veto |language=tr|date = May 18, 2022 |work = www.yenisafak.com }} Turkey has demanded Finland and Sweden to extradite alleged terrorists linked to the Gülen movement and the Kurdish militant group PKK.{{cite web |url =https://www.ensonhaber.com/amp/gundem/turkiye-isvec-ve-finlandiyaya-teroristlerin-iadesi-icin-yazi-gonderdi |title = Türkiye, İsveç ve Finlandiya'ya teröristlerin iadesi için yazı gönderdi |language=tr|date = July 6, 2022 |work = ensonhaber.com }} By June 2022 Finland had received 10 extradition requests, of which two were handed to the Turkish authorities. There are around 16,000 Kurds in Finland, some of them being from Turkey.{{cite web | url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12463469 | title=Näin Suomen kurdit kommentoivat Turkin presidentti Erdoğanin vaatimuksia: "Jos hyväksytään Turkin ehdot, Isis vahvistuu" | date=June 2022 }}
On 21 May 2022, Finnish President Sauli Niinistö, after a telephone conversation with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, announced that they were ready for dialogue with Turkey regarding Finland's membership in NATO and that they always condemned terrorism.{{cite web|last=Lehto|first=Essi|date=2022-05-21 |editor-last=Solsvik |editor-first=Terje|title=Finland's president held "open and direct" talks with Turkey's Erdogan|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finlands-president-held-open-direct-talks-with-turkeys-erdogan-2022-05-21/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128232407/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finlands-president-held-open-direct-talks-with-turkeys-erdogan-2022-05-21/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=28 January 2023|publisher=Reuters|language=en}}
Turkey asked Finland and Sweden not to support the Gülen movement and the PKK.{{cite web |url =https://www.tgrthaber.com.tr/gundem/turkiyeden-isvec-ve-finlandiyaya-10-sart-2831790 |title = Türkiye'den İsveç ve Finlandiya'ya NATO üyeliği için 10 şart |language=tr|date = June 8, 2022 |work =tgrthaber.com.tr }}
Turkey asked Finland to stop and end the Kurdish demonstrations.
Turkey asked Finland and Sweden not to support terrorism.{{cite web |url =https://www.yenisafak.com/amphtml/gundem/isvec-ve-finlandiyaya-10-sart-3833510 |title =İsveç ve Finlandiya'ya 10 şart |language=tr|date = June 8, 2022 |work = www.yenisafak.com }}
Turkey asked Finland and Sweden to address Turkey's security concerns.{{cite web |url = https://www.bloomberght.com/cavusoglu-turkiye-nin-guvenlik-endiseleri-karsilanmali-2306737|title = Çavuşoğlu: Türkiye'nin güvenlik endişeleri karşılanmalı |language=tr|date = May 18, 2022 |work = www.bloomberght.com }}
In September 2022, Turkey requested the extradition of 6 Turkish citizens from Finland. However, Finland did not respond positively and refused.{{cite web |url =http://www.samanyoluhaber.com/iade-tartismasinda-akpye-kotu-haber-finlandiya-talepleri-reddetti-haberi/1398486/ |title = 'İade' tartışmasında AKP'ye kötü haber: Finlandiya talepleri reddetti |language=tr|date = September 9, 2022 |work =www.samanyoluhaber.com }}
Turkey demanded that Finland end its support to the Gülen movement and the PKK.{{cite web |title=NATO'ya girmek isteyen İsveç ve Finlandiya, terör örgütlerini himaye ediyor|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/natoya-girmek-isteyen-isvec-ve-finlandiya-teror-orgutlerini-himaye-ediyor/2588619|publisher=Anadolu Ajansı |access-date=15 May 2022}}
In December 2022, Finnish Defense Minister Antti Kaikkonen, in a statement after his meeting with his Turkish counterpart Hulusi Akar, announced that Finland was ready to address Turkey's security concerns and that they always condemned terrorism.{{cite web|url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/amp/dunya/bakan-akar-finlandiya-savunma-bakani-kaikkonen-ile-bir-araya-geldi-2010052|title=Bakan Akar, Finlandiya Savunma Bakanı Kaikkonen ile bir araya geldi|date=2022-12-08|language=tr|publisher=Cumhuriyet|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213193506/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/amp/dunya/bakan-akar-finlandiya-savunma-bakani-kaikkonen-ile-bir-araya-geldi-2010052|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/finlandiya-savunma-bakani-kaikkonen-turkiyenin-guvenlik-endiselerini-anliyoruz-terorle-mucadelede-kararliyiz/2758955|title=Finlandiya Savunma Bakanı Kaikkonen: Türkiye'nin güvenlik endişelerini anlıyoruz, terörle mücadelede kararlıyız|date=2022-12-08|language=tr|publisher=Anadolu Ajansı|access-date=14 December 2022|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214055036/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/finlandiya-savunma-bakani-kaikkonen-turkiyenin-guvenlik-endiselerini-anliyoruz-terorle-mucadelede-kararliyiz/2758955|url-status=live}}
In January 2023, President of the Turkish Grand National Assembly Mustafa Şentop cancelled the Finnish Parliament Speaker Matti Vanhanen's visit to Turkey.{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/d5888d8c-7f2a-437f-99a8-7f6984e0f60a|title="Meillä on Pohjoismaissa mielipiteen ilmaisun vapaus" – Vanhaselta viesti Erdoğan-nukesta pillastuneille turkkilaisille|date=2023-01-16|language=fi|publisher=Iltalehti}}
After Turkey's parliament approved Finland's application on 30 March 2023, Finland was set to become the 31st member of NATO.Aaron Mehta [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/03/welcome-to-nato-finland-clears-turkish-hurdle-will-join-military-alliance-in-coming-weeks/ (30 Mar 2023) Welcome to NATO: Finland clears Turkish hurdle, will join military alliance in coming weeks]
On 1 April 2023, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan signed and approved the proposal containing Finland's accession protocol.{{cite news|url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20025375|title=Erdogan has signed ratification of Finland's Nato membership|website=Yle|date=1 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401205652/https://yle.fi/a/74-20025375 |url-status=live}}
Economic relations
Turkey is an important trading partner for Finland. Trade between the two countries totaled $1.3 billion in 2018. Turkey is among the most popular tourist destinations for Finns, with 230,000 Finns travelling to Turkey in 2015.{{cite web | url=https://pxweb2.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__smat/statfin_smat_pxt_13gp.px/ | title=Trips abroad by Trip purpose, Area of destination, Year, Season, Type of trip abroad and Information }}
Diaspora
As of 2023, there were 13,399 people in Finland of Turkish background, of which 10,555 were born in Turkey and 2,844 in Finland.{{cite web |title=Origin and background country by language, age (1-year) and sex, 1990-2021 |url=https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rs.px/ |publisher=Statistics Finland |access-date=29 October 2022}} Around 2,000 Finns live in the Alanya region alone.{{cite web |title=Ollilat asuvat upeasti Alanyassa: Maksoi vähemmän kuin yksiö Kalliossa |date=21 May 2016 |url=https://www.is.fi/asuminen/art-2000001182461.html |publisher=Ilta-Sanomat |access-date=29 October 2022 |language=Finnish}}
European Union
Finland joined the EU in 1995. Turkey is still a candidate country for the EU, and
membership negotiations have been effectively frozen since 2016. Finland fully supports Turkey's EU membership process, as it has effectively frozen membership negotiations.
NATO
State visits
| class="wikitable" border="1" |
| Guest
! Host ! Place of visit ! Date of visit |
|---|
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Urho Kekkonen
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Cevdet Sunay | Ankara, Turkey |
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Fahri Korutürk
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Urho Kekkonen | Helsinki, Finland |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Martti Ahtisaari
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Süleyman Demirel | Ankara, Turkey |
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Abdullah Gül
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Tarja Halonen | Helsinki, Finland | 7–9 October 2008 |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Istanbul, Turkey | 6 October 2009 |
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
| {{flagicon|Finland}} Prime Minister Mari Kiviniemi | Helsinki, Finland | 19–20 October 2010 |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Tarja Halonen
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Abdullah Gül | Ankara, and Şanlıurfa, Turkey | 29–30 March 2011 |
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
| {{flagicon|Finland}} Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen | Helsinki, Finland | 5–6 November 2013 |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Sauli Niinistö
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Ankara, and Istanbul, Turkey | 12–15 October 2015 |
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu
| {{flagicon|Finland}} Prime Minister Juha Sipilä | Helsinki, Finland | 6 April 2016 |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Sauli Niinistö
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Ankara, and Kahramanmaraş, Turkey |
| {{flagicon|Finland}} President Alexander Stubb
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Ankara, Turkey | 1 October 2024 |
Resident diplomatic missions
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://helsinki.emb.mfa.gov.tr/ Embassy of Turkey in Helsinki (in Turkish and English)]
- [http://www.mfa.gov.tr/sub.en.mfa?d99bcf2d-8c9c-4793-8777-846504b87a2e Turkey's Ministry of Foreign Affairs about political, economical and commercial relations with Finland]
- [http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17350&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about relations with Turkey]
- [http://www.finland.org.tr/public/default.aspx?culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Embassy of Finland in Ankara]
{{Foreign relations of Finland}}
{{Foreign relations of Turkey |expanded=Bilateral}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Finland|Turkey}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Finland-Turkey relations}}