:Floriano Peixoto

{{Infobox officeholder

| spouse = {{marriage|Josina Peixoto|1872}}

| children = 8

| father = Manuel Vieira de Araújo Peixoto

| mother = Ana Joaquina de Albuquerque

| alma_mater = Military School of Praia Vermelha

| honorific-prefix = His Excellency

| name = Floriano Peixoto

| image = Floriano Peixoto (1891).jpg

| caption = Official portrait, 1891

| order = 2nd

| office = President of Brazil

| term_start = 23 November 1891

| term_end = 15 November 1894

| predecessor = Deodoro da Fonseca

| successor = Prudente de Morais

| birth_name = Floriano Vieira Peixoto

| birth_date = {{birth date|1839|4|30|df=y}}

| birth_place = Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil

| death_date = {{death date and age|1895|6|29|1839|4|30|df=y}}

| death_place = Barra Mansa, {{nowrap|Rio de Janeiro}}, Brazil

| signature = Presidente Floriano Peixoto assinatura.jpg

| nickname = "The Iron Marshal"

| party = Independent

| awards =

| vicepresident = None

| order1 = 1st

| office1 = Vice President of Brazil

| term_start1 = 26 February 1891

| term_end1 = 23 November 1891

| president1 = Deodoro da Fonseca

| predecessor1 = Office established

| successor1 = Manuel Vitorino

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| cont = yes

| Judicial offices

| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office1 = Justice of the Superior Military Court

| term_start1 = 26 February 1891

| term_end1 = 29 June 1895

| nominator1 = Deodoro da Fonseca

| predecessor1 = Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca

| successor1 = Carlos Machado Bittencourt

}}

{{Collapsed infobox section begin

| cont = yes

| Legislative offices

| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office1 = Senator for Alagoas

| term_start1 = 15 November 1890

| term_end1 = 26 February 1891

| predecessor1 = Seat established by Decree No. 510 of 1890

| successor1 = Messias de Gusmão

}}

{{Collapsed infobox section begin

| last = yes

| Executive offices

| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office1 = Minister of War

| term_start1 = 19 April 1890

| term_end1 = 22 January 1891

| predecessor1 = Eduardo Wandenkolk

| successor1 = Antônio Falcão da Frota

| president1 = Deodoro da Fonseca

| office2 = President of Mato Grosso

| term_start2 = 13 September 1884

| term_end2 = 5 October 1885

| predecessor2 = Baron of Batovi

| successor2 = José Joaquim Ramos Ferreira

}}

| allegiance = Empire of Brazil
First Brazilian Republic

| branch = Imperial Brazilian Army
Brazilian Army

| rank = Marshal

| serviceyears = 1857–1884
1885–1891
1894–1895

| commands = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|See list}}|

9th Infantry Battalion
3rd Horse Artillery Regiment
Pernambuco War Arsenal
Command of Arms of Mato Grosso
Army Adjutant General
Court Garrison
Rio de Janeiro Garrison

}}

| battles = {{Tree list}}

Paraguayan War
Battle of Tuyutí
Battle of Ytororó
Battle of Lomas Valentinas
Battle of Angostura {{Tree list/end}} Federalist Revolution
Brazilian Naval Revolt

}}

Floriano Vieira Peixoto ({{IPA|pt-BR|floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu|lang}}; 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895) was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil.[http://educacao.uol.com.br/biografias/floriano-vieira-peixoto.jhtm Floriano Vieira Peixoto] (in Portuguese) Born in {{ill|Ipioca|pt}} (today a district of the city of Maceió in the state of Alagoas) and nicknamed the Iron Marshal ({{langx|pt|Marechal de Ferro|links=no}}),{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/especial/2002/eleicoes/historia-1891.shtml |title=A República de Ferro |website=folha online|access-date=12 July 2015|language=pt}} he was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.

Election

File:Monumento ao Marechal Floriano Peixoto - Alto.jpg, in Downtown Rio de Janeiro]]

Floriano Peixoto was an army marshal (he was promoted to this rank in 1874) when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist, and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of generalissimo Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Floriano Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.{{Cite web|url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/republica-velha|title=República Velha (1889 - 1930)|website=Senado Federal|language=pt}}

Presidency

His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Floriano Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.

His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, personalismo, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism, and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the "Florianista" ("Florianismo") cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.{{Cite web|url=http://atlas.fgv.br/verbetes/florianismo|title=Florianismo {{!}} Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV|website=atlas.fgv.br|language=pt-br|access-date=19 May 2018}}

Legacy

File:Brasil_a_M_Al_Floriano_Peixoto_2_(21929651740).jpg

He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894.

Nossa Senhora do Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the federalist rebels in the city by the troops of Marshal Floriano Peixoto at the end of the Federalist Revolution.