generalissimo

File:Francisco Franco 1975 (cropped).jpg, Generalissimo of Spain from 1936 to 1975.]]

File:Generalissimus ussr.PNG (only held by Joseph Stalin)]]

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}Generalissimo{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HconAAAAMAAJ |title=generalissimo |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved |date=1823 |publisher=Archibald Constable |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HconAAAAMAAJ/page/n508 484]}} ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|dʒ|ɛ|n|(|ə|)|r|ə|ˈ|l|ɪ|s|ɪ|m|oʊ}} {{respell|JEN|(ə|)rə|LIS|ih|moh}}), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used.

Usage

The word {{lang|it|generalissimo}} ({{IPA|it|dʒeneraˈlissimo|pron}}), an Italian term, is the absolute superlative of {{lang|it|generale}} ('general') thus meaning "the highest-ranking of all generals". The superlative suffix {{lang|it|-issimo}} itself derives from Latin {{lang|la|-issimus}},{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Webster's Third New International Dictionary|title =issimus}}, French {{lang|fr|Larousse Étymologique}}.{{cite web |url =http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=generalissimo |title =Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher =Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date =July 18, 2012 |archive-date =June 5, 2015 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150605212756/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=generalissimo |url-status =live }}{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/generalissimo |title =Define Generalissimo at Dictionary.com |publisher =Reference.com |access-date =July 18, 2012 |archive-date =October 6, 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163631/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/generalissimo |url-status =live }}{{cite web |url =http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/generalissimo |title =Generalissimo – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=July 18, 2012 |archive-date=June 14, 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120614061322/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/generalissimo |url-status =live }}{{cite web |url =http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/generalissimo |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120729050305/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/generalissimo |url-status =dead |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |title=Definition of generalissimo – Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English) |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of English}} meaning "utmost, to the highest grade". Similar cognates in other languages include {{lang|es|generalísimo}} in Spanish, {{lang|pt|generalíssimo}} in Portuguese, {{lang|fr| généralissime}} in French, and {{lang|la| generalissimus}} in Latin. The Russian word {{Langx|ru|генералиссимус|translit= generalissimus|label=none}} comes from Latin.{{Cite encyclopedia |last1 =Arsenyev |first1 =Konstantin |author-link1 =Konstantin Arsenyev |last2 =Petrushevsky |first2 =Fyodor |title =Генералиссимус |volume =15: Гальберг – Германий |encyclopedia=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary |publisher =F. A. Brockhaus (Leipzig), I. A. Efron (Saint Petersburg) |year=1892 |trans-title=Generalissimo |page=312}}

Historically, this rank was given to a military officer leading an entire army or the entire armed forces of a state,

{{oed | generalissimo}} - "A supreme commander; spec. an officer in command of a combined military, naval, and air force, or of several armies. Also: a prefixed title or form of address for such a commander. Frequently figurative."

usually only subordinate to the sovereign.{{citation |url =http://jim.com/hobbes_on_right_of_sovereigns.htm |title=Chapter XVIII: Of the Rights of Sovereigns by institution |author =Thomas Hobbes |author-link =Thomas Hobbes |year =1660 |access-date =August 16, 2015 |archive-date=July 3, 2015 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150703143936/http://jim.com/hobbes_on_right_of_sovereigns.htm |url-status=live }} Alternatively, those of imperial blood or the commanders-in-chief of several allied armies could gain the title.

{{cite encyclopedia

| editor-last = Arsen'ev

| editor-first = Konstantin Konstantinovich

| editor-link = Konstantin Arsenyev

| encyclopedia = Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона

| title = Генералиссимус

| trans-title = Generalissimus

| url = https://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/026/26916.shtml

| access-date = 2 August 2024

| language = ru

| year = 1892

| publisher = Brockhaus and Efron

| quote = Титул Г. всегда присваивался только лицам царской крови или же главнокомандующим несколькими союзными армиями.

}}

The military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein in 1632 became the first imperial generalissimo (general of the generals) of the Holy Roman Empire. Other usage of the title has been for the commander of the united armies of several allied powers (such as Ferdinand Foch on the Western Front in 1918 or Joseph Stalin on the Eastern Front in 1945), or if a senior military officer becomes a chief of state or a head of government (like Chiang Kai-shek in the Republic of China or Francisco Franco in Spain).

The rank generalissimus of the Soviet Union would have been a generalissimo but some sources assert that Joseph Stalin refused to accept the rank.{{cite book |last1 =Service |first1 =Robert |title =Stalin: A Biography |date =2005 |publisher =Harvard University Press |isbn =978-0-674-01697-2 |pages =[https://books.google.com/books?id=hSWK6Dh4wRgC&pg=PA493 493], [https://books.google.com/books?id=hSWK6Dh4wRgC&pg=PA549 549] |url= |language=en}}S. M. Shtemenko. The General Staff in the War Years. Moscow, 1985. Vietnamese version (vol. 2) . pp. 587–588. In fact the grade was established by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which did not need the approval of Stalin.Сборник законов СССР и Указов Президиума Верховного Совета СССР (1938 — июль 1956) / Сост.: М. И. Юмашев, Б. А. Жалейко. — М., 1956. — С. 202. The rank of generalissimo for Stalin was used also by Western diplomacy.{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1945/nov/07/generalissimo-stalin|title =Generalissimo Stalin (Hansard, 7 November 1945)|access-date =February 13, 2019|archive-date =February 13, 2019|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190213123627/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1945/nov/07/generalissimo-stalin|url-status=live}}

In the 20th century, the term came to be associated with military officers who took dictatorial power in their respective countries, especially due to the Spanish leader Francisco Franco having this rank. As such, it is used in literature depicting fictional Latin American dictatorial regimes, for example Father Hilary's Holiday by Bruce Marshall.Marshall, B: Father Hilary's Holiday Doubleday & Company, New York 1965.

List of ''generalissimo''s

class="wikitable sortable" ! Person	Service	Country	Era	class="unsortable" \| Notes
{{sort\|Adolph\|Prince Adolph John, Count Palatine of Kleeburg}} \|The Deluge	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}} \|1655–1660 \|Named "Generalissimo of the Swedish armies in Poland and Prussia" by his brother King Charles X Gustav of Sweden{{Cite web \|title=Adolf Johan \|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/mobil/Artikel/5575 \|access-date=2023-09-13 \|website=sok.riksarkivet.se}}
{{sortname\|Emilio\|Aguinaldo}}	Philippine Revolutionary Army	{{sort\|China\|{{flag\|Philippines\|aguinaldo}}}}	1898–1901	Generalissimo of the Katipunan{{cite archive \|first =George \|last =Whitefield \|item =Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902, to July 26, 1903 \|item-url =https://archive.org/details/annualreportofma03unit/page/188 \|type =Textual record \|item-id =annualreportofma03unit \|date =1903 \|page =188 \|collection =Archive.Org \|institution =Boston Public Library \|oclc =1039990497}}
{{sort\|Charles\|Crown Prince Charles John}}	Royal Swedish Army	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}}	1810–1818	Named Generalissimo of the Swedish Armed Forces on October 20, 1810, upon his arrival to Sweden. Charles John had the singular distinction of having been offered the role of Generalissimo of four different nations: Sweden (accepted), Imperial Russia, offered by Alexander during the Conference at Åbo in 1812,Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 39. John Murray, London. of a restored Bourbon France in 1814 (offered by Louis XVIII's brother the Comte D'Artois),Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 127. John Murray, London. and a desperate offer by Napoleon in early 1814 as an inducement for Sweden to switch its alliance to France.Scott, Franklin (1935). Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon. P. 153. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Charles John declined the latter three.{{in lang\|sv}} Ancienneté och Rang-Rulla öfver Krigsmagten år 1813Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 4. John Murray, London.The Napoleonic Marshal of France Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, Prince of Ponte Corvo, was elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Riksdag of the Estates and King Charles XIII in 1810. Given his exalted French military rank, the rank of generalissimus was likely granted him in order to give him precedence over "mere" Swedish field marshals. Once he became King of Sweden and Norway in 1818, the generalissimus rank became superfluous.
{{sort\|Charles\|Prince Charles Gustav}} \|Thirty Years' War \|{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}} \|1648–1650 \|He was named "Generalissimo of all Swedish forces in Germany" by his cousin Queen Christina of Sweden in January 1648, however he didn't accomplish much as commander of the Swedish forces in Germany as the war ended in October of the same year.{{Cite web \|title=Karl X Gustav \|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/mobil/Artikel/12355 \|access-date=2023-09-18 \|website=sok.riksarkivet.se}}
{{sort\|Chiang Kai-shek\|Chiang Kai-shek}}	National Revolutionary Army	{{sort\|China\|{{flagdeco\|Republic of China}} Republic of China}}	1926–1975	Appointed commander in chief of the Nationalist Army for the Northern Expedition.The New York Times, December 4, 1926, pg.6. Appointed "high general special class" (特級上將 Tèjí shàng jiàng) in 1935
{{sortname\|John\|Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough\|John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough}}	War of the Spanish Succession	{{sort\|Dutch Republic\|{{flag\|Dutch Republic}}}}	1702	Referred to as generalissimo by the Dutch States General{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA562\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=562\|quote=The Earl of Athlone [Godard van Reede] was set on by the other Dutch Generals, to insist on his quality of Velt-Marshal, and to have the command with the Earl of Marlborough by turns. But, though he was now in high reputation by his late conduct, the States obliged him to yield this point to the Earl of Marlborough, whom they declared Generalissimo of all their forces, and sent orders to all their Generals and other Officers to obey him.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233145/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA562\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Ferdinand\|Foch}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1918	Généralissime was the title used to describe Marshal Ferdinand Foch's Allied Command, starting March 26, 1918. He actually held the rank of général de division, the dignity (rank) of Marshal of France and later the ranks of British field marshal and Marshal of Poland.John McGroarty :The Gray Man of Christ: Generalissimo Foch (1919) Los Angeles, Walter A Abbott
{{sortname\|Deodoro da\|Fonseca}}	Brazilian Army	{{sort\|Brazil\|{{flag\|Brazil\|1889}}}}	1890	{{cite book \|last1=Andermann \|first1=Jens \|last2=Rowe \|first2=William \|title=Images of Power: Iconography, Culture and the State in Latin America \|date=2006 \|publisher=Berghahn Books \|isbn=9781845452124 \|page=176 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvlQ6FipbMgC&pg=PA176 \|access-date=August 11, 2019 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233147/https://books.google.com/books?id=uvlQ6FipbMgC&pg=PA176 \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Francisco\|Franco}}	Spanish Armed Forces	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|Francoist Spain\|name=Spain}}}}	1936–1975	Generalísimo was used as a combination rank as he held the highest possible rank in all three branches of service: capitán general, capitán general del Aire, and capitán general de la Armada.[https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19431018,00.html "Franco of Iberia"]. Time, October 18, 1943. cover.
{{sort\|Frederick\|Prince Consort Frederick of Hesse}}	Royal Swedish Army	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}}	1716–1720	Fredrick was named "Generalissimo of the Swedish Armed forces to horse and foot" in 1716 by King Charles XII.{{cite book\|last=Pock\|first=Johann Joseph\|title=Der politische, katholische Passagier, durchreisend alle hohe Höfe, Republiquen, Herrschafften und Länder der ganzen Welt\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClMAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA832\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|year=1724\|publisher=Brechenmacher\|page=832\|quote=wurde 1720. von dem König in Schweden ... zum Generalissimo der sämmtlichen Schwedischen Trouppen ernennet\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233144/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClMAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA832\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Maurice\|Gamelin}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1939	His rank was général d'armée, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces was généralissime.
{{sort\|George\|Prince George of Denmark}}	British Army	{{sort\|Great Britain\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Great Britain\|name=Great Britain}}}}	1702–1708	Declared "generalissimo of all our Forces within Our Kingdom of England and Ireland and Elsewhere" by his wife Queen Anne{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA104\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=104\|quote=The Prince was Duke of Cumberland, Lord High-Admiral of Great-Britain and Ireland, Generalissimo of all her Majesty's forces both by sea and land, and Warden of the Cinque-ports.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA104\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Máximo\|Gómez}}	Cuban Liberation Army	{{sort\|Cuba\|{{flag\|Cuba\|1902}}}}	1895–1898	{{cite web \|last1=Rioseco \|first1=Pedro \|title=Generalísimo Máximo Gómez, ejemplo de internacionalismo y genio militar \|url=https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/noticias/generalisimo-maximo-gomez-ejemplo-de-internacionalismo-y-genio-militar \|website=Contraloría General de la República \|access-date=16 September 2022 \|language=es \|archive-date=September 20, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163527/https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/noticias/generalisimo-maximo-gomez-ejemplo-de-internacionalismo-y-genio-militar \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Miguel\|Hidalgo y Costilla}}	Revolutionary Army of Mexico	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flagicon image\|Estandarte de Hidalgo.svg}} Mexico}}	1810–1811	[http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1810_115/Comunica_Miguel_Hidalgo_su_proclamaci_n_como_General_simo_de_Am_rica.shtml Comunica Miguel Hidalgo su proclamaci n como General simo de Am rica] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184612/http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1810_115/Comunica_Miguel_Hidalgo_su_proclamaci_n_como_General_simo_de_Am_rica.shtml \|date=September 23, 2015 }}. Documentos Historicos de Mexico, October 24, 1810.
{{sort\|Hirohito\|Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)}}	Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan	{{sort\|Japan\|{{flag\|Empire of Japan\|name=Japan}}}}	1926–1945	Dai-gensui, as sovereign ruler of the Empire of Japan{{cite book \|last1=Bix \|first1=Herbert P. \|title=Hirohito And The Making Of Modern Japan \|date=13 October 2009 \|publisher=Harper Collins \|isbn=978-0-06-186047-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjmVltzm1kYC&dq=Generalissimo&pg=PA31 \|language=en \|access-date=June 5, 2022 \|archive-date=June 4, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604181823/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjmVltzm1kYC&pg=PA31&dq=Generalissimo \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Agustín de\|Iturbide}}	Mexican Army	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flag\|Mexico\|1821}}}}	1821–1823	{{cite journal \|last1=Anna \|first1=Timothy E. \|title=The Rule of Agustin de Iturbide: A Reappraisal \|journal=Journal of Latin American Studies \|date=1985 \|volume=17 \|issue=1 \|pages=79–110 \|doi=10.1017/S0022216X00009202 \|jstor=157498 \|s2cid=145054515 \|issn=0022-216X}}
{{sort\|James\|James, Duke of York}}	Third Anglo-Dutch War	{{sort\|England\|{{flag\|Kingdom of England\|name=England}}}}	1673	"Generalissimo and supreme commander" over forces employed against the Dutch.{{cite book \|last1=Roper \|first1=Michael \|title=The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660–1964 \| page=5 \|date=1998 \|publisher=Public Record Office \|location=Kew, Surrey }}
{{sortname\|Joseph\|Joffre}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1914	His dignity (rank) was Marshal of France, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Army was généralissime.{{cite book \|last1=Doughty \|first1=Robert A. \|title=Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War \|date=30 June 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-03431-0 \|page=232 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awbB9jqNBccC&pg=PA232 \|language=en \|author1-link=Robert A. Doughty \|access-date=July 8, 2022 \|archive-date=July 8, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708053537/https://books.google.com/books?id=awbB9jqNBccC&pg=PA232 \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kalakaua\|Kalākaua}}	Hawaiian Army	{{sort\|Hawaii\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Hawaii\|name=Hawaii}}}}	1886–1891	King of Hawaii, was given titles of "supreme commander and generalissimo of the Hawaiian Army".{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter XXII: Act Act To Organize The Military Forces Of The Kingdom \|title=Laws of His Majesty Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands: Passed by the Legislative Assembly at Its Session of 1886 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37 \|year=1886 \|publisher=Black & Auld \|location=Honolulu \|oclc=42350849 \|pages=37–41 \|access-date=March 16, 2017 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37 \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Karl\|Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg}}	Austrian Army	{{sort\|Austria\|{{flagdeco\|Austrian Empire}} Austrian Empire}}	1813–1814	Generalissimo of the Armies of the Habsburg Empire and senior Field Marshal of the combined forces of the Sixth Coalition. He led the largest Allied field army, the Army of Bohemia, during the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and the Invasion of France in early 1814.{{cite book \|last1=Peck \|first1=Harry Thurston \|title=The International Cyclopedia: A Compendium of Human Knowledge, Rev. with Large Additions \|date=1898 \|publisher=Dodd, Mead \|page=238 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gj5MAAAAMAAJ&dq=generalissimo&pg=PA238 \|language=en \|access-date=May 4, 2022 \|archive-date=May 5, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505040512/https://books.google.com/books?id=gj5MAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA238&dq=generalissimo \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kim Il-sung\|Kim Il Sung}}	Korean People's Army	{{Sort\|Korea, North\|{{flag\|North Korea}}}}	1992	Taewonsu{{Cite web \|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/T100928004855.htm \|title=The Daily Yomuiri, 29 September 2010, Kim Jong Un spotlighted / 'Heir apparent' promoted to general, makes DPRK media debut \|access-date=September 30, 2010 \|archive-date=October 2, 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002062121/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/T100928004855.htm }}{{cite news \|title=Late North Korean Leader Promoted to Generalissimo \|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/late-north-korean-leader-promoted-to-generalissimo-139347773/152066.html \|work=Voice of America \|date=14 February 2012 \|language=en \|access-date=May 8, 2022 \|archive-date=May 8, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508080214/https://www.voanews.com/a/late-north-korean-leader-promoted-to-generalissimo-139347773/152066.html \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kim Jong-il\|Kim Jong Il}}	Korean People's Army	{{Sort\|Korea, North\|{{flag\|North Korea}}}}	2012	Taewonsu (posthumously awarded){{Cite web \|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/late-kim-jong-il-awarded-highest-honour-by-north/story-e6frg6so-1226271640849 \|title=The Australian, 15 February 2012, Late Kim Jong-il awarded highest honour by North \|access-date=February 15, 2012 \|archive-date=February 17, 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217023225/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/late-kim-jong-il-awarded-highest-honour-by-north/story-e6frg6so-1226271640849}}
{{sort\|Louis Dauphin of France\|Louis, Grand Dauphin}}	War of the Spanish Succession	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|Kingdom of France\|name=France\|bourbon}}}}	1708	Commanded the French Army{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA68\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=68\|quote=But an unexpected alteration was suddenly made, and the French King declared the Duke of Burgundy Generalissimo of his forces, appointing the Duke de Vendosme [sic: Vendôme] to serve under him; and he was to be accompanied by the Duke of Berry.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233217/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA68\|url-status=live}}
{{sort\|Mao Zedong\|Mao Zedong}}	People's Liberation Army	{{flag\|People's Republic of China}}	1955	Proposed the rank of Generalissimo of the People's Republic of China (declined usage)
{{sortname\|Alexander Danilovich\|Menshikov}}	Russian Imperial Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1727–1728	"Menschikow und Stalin waren die einzigen Heerführer der russischen Geschichte, die sich 'Generalissimus' nennen ließen." [Menshikov and Stalin were the only military leaders in Russian history who declared themselves "generalissimus".] Jena, Detlev (1996): Die russischen Zaren in Lebensbildern, Graz, p. 520.
{{sortname\|Francisco de\|Miranda}}	Venezuelan Army	{{sort\|Venezuela\|{{flagicon image\|Flag of Venezuela (1811).svg}} Venezuela}}	1812
{{sortname\|José María\|Morelos}}	Revolutionary Army of Mexico	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flagicon image\|Bandera y Estandarte de Morelos.svg}} Mexico}}	1813–1815	{{cite web \|title=Inauguration of the exhibition José María Morelos y Pavón. Generalissimo of Mexican America armies \|url=https://www.cultura.gob.mx/dgai/noticias-detalle/?id=43828&orden=1&ln=en \|website=Gobierno de México \|publisher=Noticias – Dirección General de Asuntos internacionales – Secretaría de Cultura \|access-date=3 July 2022 \|language=spanish \|archive-date=February 9, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209212440/https://www.cultura.gob.mx/dgai/noticias-detalle/?id=43828&orden=1&ln=en \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Ihsan\|Nuri}}	Ararat Forces	{{sort\|Ararat\|{{flagicon image\|Kurdish flag (Khoiboun).svg}} Ararat}}	1927–1930	Bletch Chirguh, La Question Kurde: ses origines et ses causes, Le Caire, Impimerie Paul Barbey, 1930, front cover, Ihsan Nouri Pacha Généralissime des forces nationales Kurdes {{in lang\|fr}}
{{sortname\|Alexander\|Suvorov}}	Imperial Russian Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1799
{{sort\|Ulrich, Anthony\|Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick}}	Imperial Russian Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1740–1741	{{cite web\|url=https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/128240\|title=Portrait of Prince Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1714-1774)\|publisher=hermitagemuseum.org\|date=2023\|access-date=14 January 2023\|archive-date=April 10, 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141125/https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.%2BPaintings/128240\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Maxime\|Weygand}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1940	His rank was général d'armée, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces was généralissime.
{{sortname\|José de\|San Martín}}	Peruvian Army	{{sort\|Peru\|{{flag\|Peru\|1821}}}}	1821–1822	Generalísimo de las Armas del Perú
{{sortname\|Joseph\|Stalin}}	Soviet Armed Forces	{{sort\|Soviet Union\|{{flag\|Soviet Union\|1936}}}}	1945	Generalissimus of the Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin was appointed generalissimus of the Soviet Union. See: Ivan Aleksandrovich Venediktov, Selskokhozyaystvennaya entsiklopediya, Vol. 4, Gos. izd-vo selkhoz, 1956, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LAcZAAAAIAAJ p. 584.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233144/https://books.google.com/books?id=LAcZAAAAIAAJ \|date=March 11, 2023 }} {{in lang\|ru}} (declined usage)
{{sort\|Sun Yat-sen\|Sun Yat-sen}}	National Pacification Army	{{flag\|Republic of China}}	1921	Technically as dayuanshuai or "grand marshal of the army and navy"{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otwbBh_GgrwC&q=tang+jiyao&pg=PA255\|title=Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Reform and Modernization in Modern Chinese History\|author=Linda Pomerantz-Zhang\|year=1992\|publisher=Hong Kong University Press\|page=255\|isbn=962209287X\|access-date=October 31, 2010\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=otwbBh_GgrwC&q=tang+jiyao&pg=PA255\|url-status=live}}{{cite book\|last=Taylor\|first=Jay\|title=The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China\|url=https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl\|url-access=registration\|access-date=February 28, 2017\|date=April 15, 2009\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=978-0-674-05471-4\|page=[https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl/page/32 32]}}
{{sortname\|Rafael\|Trujillo}}	Dominican Army	{{sort\|Dominican Republic\|{{flag\|Dominican Republic}}}}	1930	Stanley Walker, Generalissimo Rafael L. Trujillo (1955) Caribbean Library
{{sortname\|Albrecht von\|Wallenstein}}	Thirty Years' War	{{sort\|Holy Roman Empire\|{{flag\|Holy Roman Empire}}}}	1625	Via the "Principal Decree of the Imperial Deputation"[https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryge06hendgoog A short history of Germany]. Ernest Flagg Henderson, 1908[https://books.google.com/books?id=KhtIC3zyvUcC&dq=Tilly+generalissimus&pg=PA6 Tilly und Wallenstein – ein Vergleich zweier Heerführer]. Harry Horstmann, 2010. {{in lang\|de}}
{{sortname\|George\|Washington}}	Continental Army United States Army	{{sort\|United States\|{{flag\|United States\|1776}}}}	1776	When chosen to be the commander-in-chief, was called by The Virginia Gazette the generalissimo of American forces.{{cite book \|last1=Chadwick \|first1=Bruce \|author-link1=Bruce Chadwick \|title=George Washington's War: The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency \|date=2005 \|publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. \|isbn=9781402226106 \|page=40 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C&pg=PA40 \|access-date=November 23, 2018 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233145/https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C&pg=PA40 \|url-status=live }} Promoted posthumously to General of the Armies of the United States on January 19, 1976, with date of rank of July 4, 1976Public Law 94-479 of January 19, 1976 to provide for the appointment of George Washington to the grade of General of the Armies of the United States
{{sort\|William\|William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe}}	Royal Portuguese Army	{{sort\|Portugal\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Portugal\|1750\|name=Portugal}}}}	1762–1763	Became Generalissimus of the Allied Armies in Portugal during the Spanish invasion
Yuan Shikai \|Beiyang Army \|{{flag\|Republic of China (1912–1949)\|1912}} \|1913–1916 \|Leader of the Beiyang government, declared generalissimo (dayuanshuai) in 1913
{{sort\|Zhang Zuolin\|Zhang Zuolin}}	National Pacification Army	{{flag\| Republic of China (1912–1949)\|1912}}	1927–1928	Leader of the Beiyang government, declared generalissimo (dayuanshuai) in June 1927{{cite news \|last1=Moore \|first1=Frederick \|title=Chang Tso-lin Made Dictator in Move to Beat Back South \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/18/archives/chang-tsolin-made-dictator-in-move-to-beat-back-south-northerners.html \|access-date=February 4, 2020 \|work=The New York Times \|date=June 18, 1927 \|archive-date=August 18, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818121633/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/18/archives/chang-tsolin-made-dictator-in-move-to-beat-back-south-northerners.html \|url-status=live }}
Our Lady of Aparecida \|Brazilian Army \|{{sort\|Brazil\|{{flag\|Brazil\|1889}}}} \|1967 \|Patroness of Brazil.{{Cite web \|title=Nossa Senhora Aparecida recebeu o título de Generalíssima do Exército em 1967 \|url=https://www.a12.com/redentoristas/noticias/nossa-senhora-aparecida-recebeu-o-titulo-de-generalissima-do-exercito-em-1967 \|access-date=2024-10-22 \|website=www.a12.com \|language=pt-BR}}

Notes

References

Category:Military ranks

Category:Italian words and phrases

class="wikitable sortable" ! Person	Service	Country	Era	class="unsortable" \| Notes
{{sort\|Adolph\|Prince Adolph John, Count Palatine of Kleeburg}} \|The Deluge	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}} \|1655–1660 \|Named "Generalissimo of the Swedish armies in Poland and Prussia" by his brother King Charles X Gustav of Sweden{{Cite web \|title=Adolf Johan \|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/mobil/Artikel/5575 \|access-date=2023-09-13 \|website=sok.riksarkivet.se}}
{{sortname\|Emilio\|Aguinaldo}}	Philippine Revolutionary Army	{{sort\|China\|{{flag\|Philippines\|aguinaldo}}}}	1898–1901	Generalissimo of the Katipunan{{cite archive \|first =George \|last =Whitefield \|item =Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902, to July 26, 1903 \|item-url =https://archive.org/details/annualreportofma03unit/page/188 \|type =Textual record \|item-id =annualreportofma03unit \|date =1903 \|page =188 \|collection =Archive.Org \|institution =Boston Public Library \|oclc =1039990497}}
{{sort\|Charles\|Crown Prince Charles John}}	Royal Swedish Army	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}}	1810–1818	Named Generalissimo of the Swedish Armed Forces on October 20, 1810, upon his arrival to Sweden. Charles John had the singular distinction of having been offered the role of Generalissimo of four different nations: Sweden (accepted), Imperial Russia, offered by Alexander during the Conference at Åbo in 1812,Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 39. John Murray, London. of a restored Bourbon France in 1814 (offered by Louis XVIII's brother the Comte D'Artois),Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 127. John Murray, London. and a desperate offer by Napoleon in early 1814 as an inducement for Sweden to switch its alliance to France.Scott, Franklin (1935). Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon. P. 153. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Charles John declined the latter three.{{in lang\|sv}} Ancienneté och Rang-Rulla öfver Krigsmagten år 1813Barton, Sir Dunbar (1925). Bernadotte Prince and King. P. 4. John Murray, London.The Napoleonic Marshal of France Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, Prince of Ponte Corvo, was elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Riksdag of the Estates and King Charles XIII in 1810. Given his exalted French military rank, the rank of generalissimus was likely granted him in order to give him precedence over "mere" Swedish field marshals. Once he became King of Sweden and Norway in 1818, the generalissimus rank became superfluous.
{{sort\|Charles\|Prince Charles Gustav}} \|Thirty Years' War \|{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}} \|1648–1650 \|He was named "Generalissimo of all Swedish forces in Germany" by his cousin Queen Christina of Sweden in January 1648, however he didn't accomplish much as commander of the Swedish forces in Germany as the war ended in October of the same year.{{Cite web \|title=Karl X Gustav \|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/mobil/Artikel/12355 \|access-date=2023-09-18 \|website=sok.riksarkivet.se}}
{{sort\|Chiang Kai-shek\|Chiang Kai-shek}}	National Revolutionary Army	{{sort\|China\|{{flagdeco\|Republic of China}} Republic of China}}	1926–1975	Appointed commander in chief of the Nationalist Army for the Northern Expedition.The New York Times, December 4, 1926, pg.6. Appointed "high general special class" (特級上將 Tèjí shàng jiàng) in 1935
{{sortname\|John\|Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough\|John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough}}	War of the Spanish Succession	{{sort\|Dutch Republic\|{{flag\|Dutch Republic}}}}	1702	Referred to as generalissimo by the Dutch States General{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA562\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=562\|quote=The Earl of Athlone [Godard van Reede] was set on by the other Dutch Generals, to insist on his quality of Velt-Marshal, and to have the command with the Earl of Marlborough by turns. But, though he was now in high reputation by his late conduct, the States obliged him to yield this point to the Earl of Marlborough, whom they declared Generalissimo of all their forces, and sent orders to all their Generals and other Officers to obey him.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233145/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA562\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Ferdinand\|Foch}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1918	Généralissime was the title used to describe Marshal Ferdinand Foch's Allied Command, starting March 26, 1918. He actually held the rank of général de division, the dignity (rank) of Marshal of France and later the ranks of British field marshal and Marshal of Poland.John McGroarty :The Gray Man of Christ: Generalissimo Foch (1919) Los Angeles, Walter A Abbott
{{sortname\|Deodoro da\|Fonseca}}	Brazilian Army	{{sort\|Brazil\|{{flag\|Brazil\|1889}}}}	1890	{{cite book \|last1=Andermann \|first1=Jens \|last2=Rowe \|first2=William \|title=Images of Power: Iconography, Culture and the State in Latin America \|date=2006 \|publisher=Berghahn Books \|isbn=9781845452124 \|page=176 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvlQ6FipbMgC&pg=PA176 \|access-date=August 11, 2019 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233147/https://books.google.com/books?id=uvlQ6FipbMgC&pg=PA176 \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Francisco\|Franco}}	Spanish Armed Forces	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|Francoist Spain\|name=Spain}}}}	1936–1975	Generalísimo was used as a combination rank as he held the highest possible rank in all three branches of service: capitán general, capitán general del Aire, and capitán general de la Armada.[https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19431018,00.html "Franco of Iberia"]. Time, October 18, 1943. cover.
{{sort\|Frederick\|Prince Consort Frederick of Hesse}}	Royal Swedish Army	{{sort\|Sweden\|{{flagicon image\|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg}} Sweden}}	1716–1720	Fredrick was named "Generalissimo of the Swedish Armed forces to horse and foot" in 1716 by King Charles XII.{{cite book\|last=Pock\|first=Johann Joseph\|title=Der politische, katholische Passagier, durchreisend alle hohe Höfe, Republiquen, Herrschafften und Länder der ganzen Welt\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClMAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA832\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|year=1724\|publisher=Brechenmacher\|page=832\|quote=wurde 1720. von dem König in Schweden ... zum Generalissimo der sämmtlichen Schwedischen Trouppen ernennet\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233144/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClMAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA832\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Maurice\|Gamelin}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1939	His rank was général d'armée, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces was généralissime.
{{sort\|George\|Prince George of Denmark}}	British Army	{{sort\|Great Britain\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Great Britain\|name=Great Britain}}}}	1702–1708	Declared "generalissimo of all our Forces within Our Kingdom of England and Ireland and Elsewhere" by his wife Queen Anne{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA104\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=104\|quote=The Prince was Duke of Cumberland, Lord High-Admiral of Great-Britain and Ireland, Generalissimo of all her Majesty's forces both by sea and land, and Warden of the Cinque-ports.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA104\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Máximo\|Gómez}}	Cuban Liberation Army	{{sort\|Cuba\|{{flag\|Cuba\|1902}}}}	1895–1898	{{cite web \|last1=Rioseco \|first1=Pedro \|title=Generalísimo Máximo Gómez, ejemplo de internacionalismo y genio militar \|url=https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/noticias/generalisimo-maximo-gomez-ejemplo-de-internacionalismo-y-genio-militar \|website=Contraloría General de la República \|access-date=16 September 2022 \|language=es \|archive-date=September 20, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163527/https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/noticias/generalisimo-maximo-gomez-ejemplo-de-internacionalismo-y-genio-militar \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Miguel\|Hidalgo y Costilla}}	Revolutionary Army of Mexico	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flagicon image\|Estandarte de Hidalgo.svg}} Mexico}}	1810–1811	[http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1810_115/Comunica_Miguel_Hidalgo_su_proclamaci_n_como_General_simo_de_Am_rica.shtml Comunica Miguel Hidalgo su proclamaci n como General simo de Am rica] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184612/http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1810_115/Comunica_Miguel_Hidalgo_su_proclamaci_n_como_General_simo_de_Am_rica.shtml \|date=September 23, 2015 }}. Documentos Historicos de Mexico, October 24, 1810.
{{sort\|Hirohito\|Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)}}	Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan	{{sort\|Japan\|{{flag\|Empire of Japan\|name=Japan}}}}	1926–1945	Dai-gensui, as sovereign ruler of the Empire of Japan{{cite book \|last1=Bix \|first1=Herbert P. \|title=Hirohito And The Making Of Modern Japan \|date=13 October 2009 \|publisher=Harper Collins \|isbn=978-0-06-186047-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjmVltzm1kYC&dq=Generalissimo&pg=PA31 \|language=en \|access-date=June 5, 2022 \|archive-date=June 4, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604181823/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjmVltzm1kYC&pg=PA31&dq=Generalissimo \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Agustín de\|Iturbide}}	Mexican Army	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flag\|Mexico\|1821}}}}	1821–1823	{{cite journal \|last1=Anna \|first1=Timothy E. \|title=The Rule of Agustin de Iturbide: A Reappraisal \|journal=Journal of Latin American Studies \|date=1985 \|volume=17 \|issue=1 \|pages=79–110 \|doi=10.1017/S0022216X00009202 \|jstor=157498 \|s2cid=145054515 \|issn=0022-216X}}
{{sort\|James\|James, Duke of York}}	Third Anglo-Dutch War	{{sort\|England\|{{flag\|Kingdom of England\|name=England}}}}	1673	"Generalissimo and supreme commander" over forces employed against the Dutch.{{cite book \|last1=Roper \|first1=Michael \|title=The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660–1964 \| page=5 \|date=1998 \|publisher=Public Record Office \|location=Kew, Surrey }}
{{sortname\|Joseph\|Joffre}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1914	His dignity (rank) was Marshal of France, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Army was généralissime.{{cite book \|last1=Doughty \|first1=Robert A. \|title=Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War \|date=30 June 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-03431-0 \|page=232 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awbB9jqNBccC&pg=PA232 \|language=en \|author1-link=Robert A. Doughty \|access-date=July 8, 2022 \|archive-date=July 8, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708053537/https://books.google.com/books?id=awbB9jqNBccC&pg=PA232 \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kalakaua\|Kalākaua}}	Hawaiian Army	{{sort\|Hawaii\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Hawaii\|name=Hawaii}}}}	1886–1891	King of Hawaii, was given titles of "supreme commander and generalissimo of the Hawaiian Army".{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter XXII: Act Act To Organize The Military Forces Of The Kingdom \|title=Laws of His Majesty Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands: Passed by the Legislative Assembly at Its Session of 1886 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37 \|year=1886 \|publisher=Black & Auld \|location=Honolulu \|oclc=42350849 \|pages=37–41 \|access-date=March 16, 2017 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37 \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Karl\|Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg}}	Austrian Army	{{sort\|Austria\|{{flagdeco\|Austrian Empire}} Austrian Empire}}	1813–1814	Generalissimo of the Armies of the Habsburg Empire and senior Field Marshal of the combined forces of the Sixth Coalition. He led the largest Allied field army, the Army of Bohemia, during the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and the Invasion of France in early 1814.{{cite book \|last1=Peck \|first1=Harry Thurston \|title=The International Cyclopedia: A Compendium of Human Knowledge, Rev. with Large Additions \|date=1898 \|publisher=Dodd, Mead \|page=238 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gj5MAAAAMAAJ&dq=generalissimo&pg=PA238 \|language=en \|access-date=May 4, 2022 \|archive-date=May 5, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505040512/https://books.google.com/books?id=gj5MAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA238&dq=generalissimo \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kim Il-sung\|Kim Il Sung}}	Korean People's Army	{{Sort\|Korea, North\|{{flag\|North Korea}}}}	1992	Taewonsu{{Cite web \|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/T100928004855.htm \|title=The Daily Yomuiri, 29 September 2010, Kim Jong Un spotlighted / 'Heir apparent' promoted to general, makes DPRK media debut \|access-date=September 30, 2010 \|archive-date=October 2, 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002062121/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/T100928004855.htm }}{{cite news \|title=Late North Korean Leader Promoted to Generalissimo \|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/late-north-korean-leader-promoted-to-generalissimo-139347773/152066.html \|work=Voice of America \|date=14 February 2012 \|language=en \|access-date=May 8, 2022 \|archive-date=May 8, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508080214/https://www.voanews.com/a/late-north-korean-leader-promoted-to-generalissimo-139347773/152066.html \|url-status=live }}
{{sort\|Kim Jong-il\|Kim Jong Il}}	Korean People's Army	{{Sort\|Korea, North\|{{flag\|North Korea}}}}	2012	Taewonsu (posthumously awarded){{Cite web \|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/late-kim-jong-il-awarded-highest-honour-by-north/story-e6frg6so-1226271640849 \|title=The Australian, 15 February 2012, Late Kim Jong-il awarded highest honour by North \|access-date=February 15, 2012 \|archive-date=February 17, 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217023225/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/late-kim-jong-il-awarded-highest-honour-by-north/story-e6frg6so-1226271640849}}
{{sort\|Louis Dauphin of France\|Louis, Grand Dauphin}}	War of the Spanish Succession	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|Kingdom of France\|name=France\|bourbon}}}}	1708	Commanded the French Army{{cite book\|author=Rapin de Thoyras (M., Paul)\|author-link=Paul de Rapin\|editor=Nicholas Tindal\|editor-link=Nicholas Tindal\|title=The History of England\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA68\|access-date=September 16, 2018\|volume=IV, part 1 (French original: Histoire d'Angleterre, 1724–27)\|year=1745\|publisher=J. and P. Knapton\|page=68\|quote=But an unexpected alteration was suddenly made, and the French King declared the Duke of Burgundy Generalissimo of his forces, appointing the Duke de Vendosme [sic: Vendôme] to serve under him; and he was to be accompanied by the Duke of Berry.\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233217/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NaAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA68\|url-status=live}}
{{sort\|Mao Zedong\|Mao Zedong}}	People's Liberation Army	{{flag\|People's Republic of China}}	1955	Proposed the rank of Generalissimo of the People's Republic of China (declined usage)
{{sortname\|Alexander Danilovich\|Menshikov}}	Russian Imperial Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1727–1728	"Menschikow und Stalin waren die einzigen Heerführer der russischen Geschichte, die sich 'Generalissimus' nennen ließen." [Menshikov and Stalin were the only military leaders in Russian history who declared themselves "generalissimus".] Jena, Detlev (1996): Die russischen Zaren in Lebensbildern, Graz, p. 520.
{{sortname\|Francisco de\|Miranda}}	Venezuelan Army	{{sort\|Venezuela\|{{flagicon image\|Flag of Venezuela (1811).svg}} Venezuela}}	1812
{{sortname\|José María\|Morelos}}	Revolutionary Army of Mexico	{{sort\|Mexico\|{{flagicon image\|Bandera y Estandarte de Morelos.svg}} Mexico}}	1813–1815	{{cite web \|title=Inauguration of the exhibition José María Morelos y Pavón. Generalissimo of Mexican America armies \|url=https://www.cultura.gob.mx/dgai/noticias-detalle/?id=43828&orden=1&ln=en \|website=Gobierno de México \|publisher=Noticias – Dirección General de Asuntos internacionales – Secretaría de Cultura \|access-date=3 July 2022 \|language=spanish \|archive-date=February 9, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209212440/https://www.cultura.gob.mx/dgai/noticias-detalle/?id=43828&orden=1&ln=en \|url-status=live }}
{{sortname\|Ihsan\|Nuri}}	Ararat Forces	{{sort\|Ararat\|{{flagicon image\|Kurdish flag (Khoiboun).svg}} Ararat}}	1927–1930	Bletch Chirguh, La Question Kurde: ses origines et ses causes, Le Caire, Impimerie Paul Barbey, 1930, front cover, Ihsan Nouri Pacha Généralissime des forces nationales Kurdes {{in lang\|fr}}
{{sortname\|Alexander\|Suvorov}}	Imperial Russian Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1799
{{sort\|Ulrich, Anthony\|Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick}}	Imperial Russian Army	{{sort\|Russia\|{{flag\|Russian Empire\|name=Russia}}}}	1740–1741	{{cite web\|url=https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/128240\|title=Portrait of Prince Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1714-1774)\|publisher=hermitagemuseum.org\|date=2023\|access-date=14 January 2023\|archive-date=April 10, 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141125/https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.%2BPaintings/128240\|url-status=live}}
{{sortname\|Maxime\|Weygand}}	French Army	{{sort\|France\|{{flag\|France\|1830}}}}	1940	His rank was général d'armée, but his title as commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces was généralissime.
{{sortname\|José de\|San Martín}}	Peruvian Army	{{sort\|Peru\|{{flag\|Peru\|1821}}}}	1821–1822	Generalísimo de las Armas del Perú
{{sortname\|Joseph\|Stalin}}	Soviet Armed Forces	{{sort\|Soviet Union\|{{flag\|Soviet Union\|1936}}}}	1945	Generalissimus of the Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin was appointed generalissimus of the Soviet Union. See: Ivan Aleksandrovich Venediktov, Selskokhozyaystvennaya entsiklopediya, Vol. 4, Gos. izd-vo selkhoz, 1956, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LAcZAAAAIAAJ p. 584.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233144/https://books.google.com/books?id=LAcZAAAAIAAJ \|date=March 11, 2023 }} {{in lang\|ru}} (declined usage)
{{sort\|Sun Yat-sen\|Sun Yat-sen}}	National Pacification Army	{{flag\|Republic of China}}	1921	Technically as dayuanshuai or "grand marshal of the army and navy"{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otwbBh_GgrwC&q=tang+jiyao&pg=PA255\|title=Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Reform and Modernization in Modern Chinese History\|author=Linda Pomerantz-Zhang\|year=1992\|publisher=Hong Kong University Press\|page=255\|isbn=962209287X\|access-date=October 31, 2010\|archive-date=March 11, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233146/https://books.google.com/books?id=otwbBh_GgrwC&q=tang+jiyao&pg=PA255\|url-status=live}}{{cite book\|last=Taylor\|first=Jay\|title=The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China\|url=https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl\|url-access=registration\|access-date=February 28, 2017\|date=April 15, 2009\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=978-0-674-05471-4\|page=[https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl/page/32 32]}}
{{sortname\|Rafael\|Trujillo}}	Dominican Army	{{sort\|Dominican Republic\|{{flag\|Dominican Republic}}}}	1930	Stanley Walker, Generalissimo Rafael L. Trujillo (1955) Caribbean Library
{{sortname\|Albrecht von\|Wallenstein}}	Thirty Years' War	{{sort\|Holy Roman Empire\|{{flag\|Holy Roman Empire}}}}	1625	Via the "Principal Decree of the Imperial Deputation"[https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryge06hendgoog A short history of Germany]. Ernest Flagg Henderson, 1908[https://books.google.com/books?id=KhtIC3zyvUcC&dq=Tilly+generalissimus&pg=PA6 Tilly und Wallenstein – ein Vergleich zweier Heerführer]. Harry Horstmann, 2010. {{in lang\|de}}
{{sortname\|George\|Washington}}	Continental Army United States Army	{{sort\|United States\|{{flag\|United States\|1776}}}}	1776	When chosen to be the commander-in-chief, was called by The Virginia Gazette the generalissimo of American forces.{{cite book \|last1=Chadwick \|first1=Bruce \|author-link1=Bruce Chadwick \|title=George Washington's War: The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency \|date=2005 \|publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. \|isbn=9781402226106 \|page=40 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C&pg=PA40 \|access-date=November 23, 2018 \|archive-date=March 11, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311233145/https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C&pg=PA40 \|url-status=live }} Promoted posthumously to General of the Armies of the United States on January 19, 1976, with date of rank of July 4, 1976Public Law 94-479 of January 19, 1976 to provide for the appointment of George Washington to the grade of General of the Armies of the United States
{{sort\|William\|William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe}}	Royal Portuguese Army	{{sort\|Portugal\|{{flag\|Kingdom of Portugal\|1750\|name=Portugal}}}}	1762–1763	Became Generalissimus of the Allied Armies in Portugal during the Spanish invasion
Yuan Shikai \|Beiyang Army \|{{flag\|Republic of China (1912–1949)\|1912}} \|1913–1916 \|Leader of the Beiyang government, declared generalissimo (dayuanshuai) in 1913
{{sort\|Zhang Zuolin\|Zhang Zuolin}}	National Pacification Army	{{flag\| Republic of China (1912–1949)\|1912}}	1927–1928	Leader of the Beiyang government, declared generalissimo (dayuanshuai) in June 1927{{cite news \|last1=Moore \|first1=Frederick \|title=Chang Tso-lin Made Dictator in Move to Beat Back South \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/18/archives/chang-tsolin-made-dictator-in-move-to-beat-back-south-northerners.html \|access-date=February 4, 2020 \|work=The New York Times \|date=June 18, 1927 \|archive-date=August 18, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818121633/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/18/archives/chang-tsolin-made-dictator-in-move-to-beat-back-south-northerners.html \|url-status=live }}
Our Lady of Aparecida \|Brazilian Army \|{{sort\|Brazil\|{{flag\|Brazil\|1889}}}} \|1967 \|Patroness of Brazil.{{Cite web \|title=Nossa Senhora Aparecida recebeu o título de Generalíssima do Exército em 1967 \|url=https://www.a12.com/redentoristas/noticias/nossa-senhora-aparecida-recebeu-o-titulo-de-generalissima-do-exercito-em-1967 \|access-date=2024-10-22 \|website=www.a12.com \|language=pt-BR}}

generalissimo

Usage

List of ''generalissimo''s

See also

Notes

References