:French ironclad Jeanne d'Arc

The {{sclass|Alma|ironclad}}sIronclad is the all-encompassing term for armored warships of this period. Armored corvettes were originally designed for the same role as traditional wooden corvettes, but this rapidly changed as the size and expense of these ships caused them to be used as second-class armored ships. were designed as improved versions of the armored corvette {{ship|French ironclad|Belliqueuse||2}} suitable for foreign deployments. Unlike their predecessor the Alma-class ships were true central battery ironclads as they were fitted with armored transverse bulkheads.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 26 Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced ram.Gardiner, p. 302

Jeanne d'Arc measured {{convert|68.9|m|ftin|sp=us}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|14.08|m|ftin|sp=us}}. She had a mean draft of {{convert|6.37|m|ftin|sp=us}} and displaced {{convert|3675|t|LT|sp=us|lk=on}}. Her crew numbered 316 officers and men.

The ship had a single horizontal return connecting-rod steam engine driving a single propeller. Her engine was powered by four oval boilers. On sea trials the engine produced {{convert|1884|ihp|lk=on}} and the ship reached {{convert|11.75|kn|lk=in}}. Unlike all of her sisters except {{ship|French ironclad|Thétis||2}}, she had two funnels, mounted side by side. Jeanne d'Arc carried {{convert|250|MT|LT}} of coal which allowed the ship to steam for {{convert|1710|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. She was barque-rigged and had a sail area of {{convert|1454|sqm|sqft|sp=us}}.

Jeanne d'Arc mounted four of her {{convert|194|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} Modèle 1864 breech-loading guns in the central battery on the battery deck. The other two 194-millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck, sponsoned out over the sides of the ship. The four {{convert|120|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} guns were also mounted on the upper deck. She may have exchanged her Mle 1864 guns for Mle 1870 guns. The armor-piercing shell of the 20-caliber Mle 1870 gun weighed {{convert|165.3|lb|kg|0}} while the gun itself weighed {{convert|7.83|LT|t}}. The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1739|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal {{convert|12.5|in}} of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.Brassey, p. 477

Jeanne d'Arc had a complete {{convert|150|mm|in|sp=us|1|adj=on}} wrought iron waterline belt, approximately {{convert|2.4|m|ft|sp=us|1}} high. The sides of the battery itself were armored with {{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us|1}} of wrought iron and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness. The barbette armor was {{convert|100|mm|in|sp=us}} thick, backed by {{convert|240|mm|in|sp=us}} of wood.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 27 The unarmored portions of her sides were protected by {{convert|15|mm|in|adj=on|1|sp=us}} iron plates.

Jeanne d'Arc was laid down at Cherbourg in 1865 and launched on 28 September 1867. The ship began her sea trials on 9 March 1868 and was put into reserve at Brest in 1869. She was commissioned on 12 April 1870, shortly before the Franco-Prussian War began, and assigned to the Northern Squadron.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 29 On 24 July 1870 she departed Cherbourg in company with the rest of the Northern Squadron and they cruised off the Danish port of Frederikshavn between 28 July and 2 August until they entered the Baltic Sea. The squadron, now renamed the Baltic Squadron, remained in the Baltic, attempting to blockade Prussian ports on the Baltic until ordered to return to Cherbourg on 16 September.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1975, p. 30 On 1 August 1873 Jeanne d'Arc was in Málaga, Spain and departed later that day bound for Cadiz.Ward, Vol. 76

On 21 July 1875, Jeanne d'Arc was participating in a naval exercise involving six ironclads – the broadside ironclad {{ship|French ironclad|Magenta||2}}, operating as the flagship, and five {{sclass|Alma|ironclad|0}} central battery ironclads including Jeanne d′Arc – and a number of smaller ships in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the east coast of Corsica . The ironclads were steaming in beautiful weather at {{convert|8|kn}} in two parallel columns, with Magenta leading one column, followed by Jeanne d′Arc and {{ship|French ironclad|Reine Blanche||2}}, and {{ship|French ironclad|Armide||2}} leading the other, followed by {{ship|French ironclad|Thétis||2}} and {{ship|French ironclad|Alma||2}}, when at 12:00 noon the admiral commanding the squadron ordered the screw corvette {{ship|French corvette|Forfait||2}}, operating as a dispatch vessel, to pass astern of Magenta to receive orders. Attempting to place his ship in the column between Magenta and Jeanne d′Arc, the commanding officer of Forfait misjudged his turn, and Jeanne d′Arc collided with Forfait. The impact was barely noticeable aboard Jeanne d′Arc, but her ram bow tore into Forfait{{'}}s side. Forfait sank 14 minutes later, her crew of 160 taking safely to her boats; her commanding officer floated free from the bridge as Forfait sank beneath him, but also was rescued.Rockwell, p. 146[http://dawlishchronicles.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-ramming-of-forfait-by-jeanne-darc.html dawlishchronicles.blogspot.com The ramming of the Forfait by the Jeanne d’Arc, 1875]

On 3 December 1875, Jeanne d′Arc became the flagship of Rear Admiral Bonie, but she was placed in reserve on 1 January 1876 at Brest, France. Jeanne d'Arc was recommissioned on 12 April 1879 for service with the Levant Squadron. She was condemned on 28 August 1883 and nothing further is known of her fate.

{{Reflist|group=Note}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|last=Brassey|first=Thomas|authorlink=Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey|title=The Naval Annual 1887|url=https://archive.org/details/brasseysannual00brasgoog|year=1888|publisher=J. Griffin|location=Portsmouth, England}}
• {{cite journal|last=de Balincourt|first=Captain|author2=Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain|year=1976|title=The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Corvettes|journal=F.P.D.S. Newsletter|publisher=F.P.D.S.|location=Akron, OH|volume=IV|issue=4|pages=26–32 |oclc=41554533}}
• {{cite journal|last=de Balincourt|first=Captain|author2=Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain|year=1975|title=The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Frigates|journal=F.P.D.S. Newsletter|publisher=F.P.D.S.|location=Akron, OH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=26–30 |oclc=41554533}}
• {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor=Gardiner, Robert|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
• {{cite book

|last=Roberts

|first=Stephen

|title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914

|year=2021

|location=Barnsley

|publisher=Seaforth

|isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0

|ref={{sfnref|Roberts}}

}}

• {{cite journal|last=Rockwell|first=Charles|year=1892|title=The Ram Question|journal=The United Service|publisher=L. R. Hamersly|location=Philadelphia, PA|volume=VIII-New Series|issue=August|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6qgAAAAMAAJ&q=reine+blanche+collision&pg=PA146}}
• {{cite book|last=Ward|first=William John|title=House of Commons Papers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TMTAAAAYAAJ&q=Jeanne%20d'Arc%20%20ironclad&pg=RA2-PA22|volume=76|year=1874|publisher=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons|location=London}}

{{Alma class ironclad}}

{{1875 shipwrecks}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeanne D'arc}}

Category:Ships built in France

Category:Alma-class ironclads

Category:1867 ships

Category:Maritime incidents in July 1875