:Helen Vendler

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| name = Helen Vendler

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| birth_name = Helen Hennessy

| birth_date = {{birth date|1933|4|30}}

| birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.

| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|4|23|1933|4|30}}

| death_place = Laguna Niguel, California, U.S.

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| occupation = Professor

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| spouse = {{marriage|Zeno Vendler|1960|1963|reason=divorced}}

| children = 1

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| alma_mater = Emmanuel College (AB)
Harvard University (PhD)

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| discipline = English

| sub_discipline = Poetics

| workplaces = Harvard University
Boston University
Cornell University
Swarthmore College
Smith College

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| main_interests = Emily Dickinson, George Herbert, John Keats, Seamus Heaney, Wallace Stevens, W. B. Yeats, William Shakespeare

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| awards = Fulbright Scholarship, 1954

James Russell Lowell Prize of the Modern Language Association (MLA), 1969

American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship, 1970

Metcalf Cup & Prize, Boston University, 1975

National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism, 1980

Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism, Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, 1996

Charles Homer Haskins Lecture, American Council of Learned Societies, 2001

Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, National Endowment for the Humanities, 2004

Don M. Randel Award for Humanistic Studies, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2013

Gold Medal for Belles Lettres and Criticism from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, 2023

}}

Helen Vendler (née Hennessy; April 30, 1933 – April 23, 2024) was an American academic, writer and literary critic. She was a professor of English language and history at Boston University, Cornell, Harvard, and other universities.

Her academic focus was critical analysis of poetry and she studied poets from Shakespeare and George Herbert to modern poets such as Wallace Stevens and Seamus Heaney. Her technique was close reading, which she described as "reading from the point of view of a writer".{{r|NYT}}

Vendler reviewed poetry regularly for periodicals including The New Yorker and The New York Review of Books. She was also a regular judge for the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize and so was influential in determining writers' reputation and success.{{r|NYT}}

Life and career

Helen Hennessy was born on April 30, 1933, in Boston, Massachusetts, to George Hennessy and Helen {{Nee|Newman}} Hennessy.{{citation |last=Matthews |first=Tracey |url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780787667283 |title=Contemporary Authors |volume=136 |chapter=Vendler, Helen |date=2005 |publisher=Gale |isbn=978-1-4144-0538-4 |pages=399–409}} She was the second of three children.{{Cite web |title=Helen Vendler |url=https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/helen-vendler-biography |access-date=September 12, 2022 |website=The National Endowment for the Humanities |language=en |archive-date=September 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923145438/https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/helen-vendler-biography |url-status=live }} Her parents encouraged her to read poems as a child. Vendler's father taught Spanish, French, and Italian at a high school, while her mother had taught in a primary school before marriage.{{r|NEH}}{{Cite news |last=Donadio |first=Rachel |date=December 10, 2006 |title=The Closest Reader |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/books/review/Donadio.t.html |access-date=September 12, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912151723/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/books/review/Donadio.t.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Simic |first=Charles |title=The Incomparable Critic |language=en |work=The New York Review of Books |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/08/13/helen-vendler-incomparable-critic/ |access-date=September 12, 2022 |issn=0028-7504 |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912202012/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/08/13/helen-vendler-incomparable-critic/ |url-status=live }} Vendler attended Emmanuel College over the Boston Girls' Latin School and Radcliffe College because her parents would not let her enroll in "secular education". She received an A. B. from Emmanuel, majoring in chemistry.{{r|CA|NYT}}

In 1954, Vendler was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship for mathematics at the Université catholique de Louvain but, while traveling to the university, she decided that she would rather study English than math, and the Fulbright commission allowed her to switch her focus to literature.{{r|CA}} Upon returning to the U.S., Vendler took 12 undergraduate courses in English at Boston University in a year. In 1956, she enrolled at Harvard University as a graduate student in English. She recalled that the department's chair told her within a week of entry that "we don't want any women here",{{citation |last1=Keller |first1=Morton |page=242 |title=Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University |last2=Keller |first2=Phyllis |date=November 15, 2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803301-1 |language=en}} while Perry Miller refused to admit her to a seminar he led on Herman Melville despite viewing her as his "finest student".{{r|TCR}} Other Harvard professors offered her more support, notably I. A. Richards. Vendler was offered a job teaching in Harvard's English department in 1959, making her the first woman the department offered a job as an instructor. She declined.{{r|TCR}}

Vendler graduated with a Ph.D. in English and American literature the next year.{{r|NEH}} She began teaching English at Cornell University in 1960, after her husband at the time, Zeno Vendler, moved to teach there.{{r|CA|TCR}} She left Cornell in 1963 and spent several years at various other institutions, including a year (1963–64) teaching at Haverford College and Swarthmore College, two years (1964–66) as an assistant professor at Boston University, and another two (1966–68) as full professor. Vendler spent a year as a Fulbright Lecturer at the University of Bordeaux. After that, she was Boston University's director of graduate studies in the English department from 1970 to 1975 and again from 1978 to 1979.{{r|CA}}

Vendler was a professor of English at Harvard University from 1984 until her death; from 1981 to 1984 she taught alternating semesters at Harvard and Boston University.Joel A. Getz, [http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1984/12/10/vendler-accepts-english-dept-appointment-pleading/ "Vendler Accepts English Dept. Appointment,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004215542/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1984/12/10/vendler-accepts-english-dept-appointment-pleading/ |date=October 4, 2012 }} Harvard Crimson, December 10, 1984. She has said that she retained her affiliation with BU for several years to ensure that she wasn't "some little token person" at Harvard. In 1985, Vendler was named the William R. Kenan Professor of English and American Literature and Language. From 1987 to 1992, she served as associate dean of arts and sciences. In 1990, she was appointed the A. Kingsley Porter University Professor.{{r|CA}}Harvard Gazette, [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/12/drew-faust-named-harvard-university-professor/ "Faust named University Professor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218132237/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/12/drew-faust-named-harvard-university-professor/ |date=December 18, 2018 }} Harvard Gazette, December 17, 2018. In 1992, Vendler received an honorary Litt. D. from Bates College.{{Cite web |url=https://www.bates.edu/president/list-of-honorary-degree-recipients/ |title=List of Honorary Degree Recipients |date=April 5, 2016 |access-date=December 4, 2018 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111014348/https://www.bates.edu/president/list-of-honorary-degree-recipients/ |url-status=live }} She was a Charles Stewart Parnell fellow at Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1995, and was elected an Honorary Fellow of Magdalene in 1997.{{Cite web |url=https://www.magd.cam.ac.uk/honorary-fellows |title=Honorary Fellows |access-date=August 7, 2023 |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204062451/https://magd.cam.ac.uk/honorary-fellows |url-status=live }}

Vendler delivered the 2000 Warton Lecture on English Poetry.{{cite journal |author=Vendler, Helen |year=2001 |title=Wallace Stevens: Hypotheses and Contradictions |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/2092/111p225.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the British Academy |volume=111 |pages=225–244 |access-date=March 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618151118/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/2092/111p225.pdf |url-status=live }} (See Wallace Stevens.) In 2004, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected her for the Jefferson Lecture, the federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities.[http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/jefflect.html Jefferson Lecturers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020121101/http://www.neh.gov///whoweare/jefflect.html |date=October 20, 2011 }} at NEH Website (retrieved January 22, 2009).Joshua D. Gottlieb, "Vendler Tapped for National Lecture," Harvard Crimson, March 12, 2004. Her lecture, "The Ocean, the Bird, and the Scholar",Helen Vendler, [https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/helen-vendler-biography "The Ocean, the Bird, and the Scholar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412042343/https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/helen-vendler-biography |date=April 12, 2019 }}, text of Jefferson Lecture at NEH website. used poems by Wallace StevensSee for example her remarks about Stevens's Harmonium and its various poems, such as Le Monocle de Mon Oncle and Bantam in Pine Woods to argue for the role of the arts (as opposed to history and philosophy) in the study of humanities.Sam Teller, [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=506425 "Vendler Advocates Larger Role for Arts in Academia,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216072540/http://www.thecrimson.com//article.aspx?ref=506425 |date=February 16, 2006 }} Harvard Crimson, March 15, 2005. In 2006, The New York Times called Vendler "the leading poetry critic in America" and credited her work with helping "establish or secure the reputations" of poets including Jorie Graham, Seamus Heaney, and Rita Dove.

Vendler wrote books on Emily Dickinson, W. B. Yeats, Wallace Stevens, John Keats, and Seamus Heaney. She was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.{{cite web|url=http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40106|title=Gruppe 4: Litteraturvitenskap|publisher=Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters|language=no|access-date=January 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927171604/http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40106|archive-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |title=Helen Hennessy Vendler |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/helen-hennessy-vendler |access-date=March 28, 2022 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328153224/https://www.amacad.org/person/helen-hennessy-vendler |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Helen+Hennessy+Vendler&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=March 28, 2022 |website=search.amphilsoc.org |archive-date=April 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424075011/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Helen+Hennessy+Vendler&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |url-status=live }} She was also a judge for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1974, 1976, 1978, 1986) and the National Book Award for Poetry (1972).{{r|CA}}

Personal life and death

Helen Vendler was married to Zeno Vendler from 1960 to 1963;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xwdaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22zeno+vendler%22+%22helen%22 |title=Current Biography Yearbook |date=1986 |publisher=H.W. Wilson Company |pages=584 |language=en |access-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-date=April 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424074801/https://books.google.com/books?id=xwdaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22zeno+vendler%22+%22helen%22 |url-status=live }} the couple had one child.

Vendler died at her home in Laguna Niguel, California, on April 23, 2024, at the age of 90.{{cite web |last1=Marquard |first1=Bryan |title=Helen Vendler, a towering presence in poetry criticism, dies at 90 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/04/23/metro/helen-vendler-towering-presence-poetry-criticism-dies-90/ |website=The Boston Globe |access-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-date=April 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424074842/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/04/23/metro/helen-vendler-towering-presence-poetry-criticism-dies-90/ |url-status=live }}

Publications

Yeats's Vision and the Later Plays (1963){{cite web |last1=O'Donoghue |first1=Bernard |title=Helen Vendler. Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and Lyric Form |url=https://academic.oup.com/res/article-abstract/59/241/648/1534358 |website=Oxford Academic |access-date=April 24, 2024}}
On Extended Wings: Wallace Stevens' Longer Poems, {{isbn|9780674634367}} (1969)
I. A. Richards: Essays in His Honor (1973) editor with Reuben Brower and John Hollander{{Cite journal |last=Donoghue |first=Denis |date=1974 |title=Review of I. A. Richards: Essays in His Honor |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30088106 |journal=Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review |volume=63 |issue=251 |pages=319–321 |jstor=30088106 |issn=0039-3495 }}
The Poetry of George Herbert, {{isbn|9780674679597}} (1975)
Part of Nature, Part of Us: Modern American Poets, {{isbn|9780674654761}} (1980)
"What We have Loved, Others Will Love" (1980){{Cite book |last=Farr |first=Cecilia Konchar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MastBgAAQBAJ |title=A Wizard of Their Age: Critical Essays from the Harry Potter Generation |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4384-5448-1 |page=3 |language=en |via=Google Books}}
Modern American Poets (1981){{Cite journal |last=Perloff |first=Marjorie |date=1981 |editor-last=Vendler |editor-first=Helen |title=Modern American Poets |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1208224 |journal=Contemporary Literature |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=96–103 |doi=10.2307/1208224 |jstor=1208224 |issn=0010-7484 |url-access=subscription }}
The Odes of John Keats, {{isbn|9780674630765}} (1983)
The Harvard Book of Contemporary American Poetry (1985), editor{{Cite web |title=Vendler, Helen (Hennessy) 1933– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/vendler-helen-hennessy-1933 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}
Wallace Stevens: Words Chosen out of Desire, {{isbn|9780674945753 }} (1986)
The Faber Book of Contemporary American Poetry (1987)
Voices and Visions: The Poet in America (1987){{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Helen Vendler's Publications on Stevens: A Selected Chronological Survey |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/559610 |journal=Wallace Stevens Journal |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=126–127 |doi=10.1353/wsj.2014.0040 |issn=2160-0570 |via=Johns Hopkins University|url-access=subscription }}
The Music of What Happens: Poems, Poets, Critics, {{isbn|9780674591530 }} (1988)
Poems by W. B. Yeats (1990){{Cite web |date= November 18, 2014|title=Diebenkorn and Yeats |url=https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2014/11/17/diebenkorn-and-yeats/ |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=Princeton University |language=en-US}}
Stevens: Poems {{isbn|9780679429111}} (1993)
The Given and the Made: Strategies of Poetic Redefinition, {{isbn|9780674354326 }} (1995)
Herman Melville: Selected Poems (1995), editor{{Cite book |last=Melville |first=Herman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a07ezQEACAAJ |title=Selected Poems |publisher=Arion Press |year=1995 |language=en |via=Google Books}}
John Keats, 1795–1995: With a Catalogue of the Harvard Keats Collection, {{isbn|9780914630173 }} (1995) with Leslie A. Morris and William H. Bond
The Breaking of Style: Hopkins, Heaney, Graham, {{isbn|9780674081215 }} (1995)
The Given and the Made: Strategies of Poetic Redefinition (1995){{Cite web |title=Helen Vendler |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/vendler/publication |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=Harvard University |language=en}}
Soul Says: On Recent Poetry, {{isbn|9780674821477 }} (1996) essays
The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets, {{isbn|9780674637122 }} (1997)
Seamus Heaney, {{isbn|9780674637122 }} (1998)
Poems, Poets, Poetry: An Introduction and Anthology (2002)
Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry (2003), editor{{Cite book |last=Vendler |first=Helen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sq7gXQNLv-gC |title=The Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry |date=2003 |publisher=I. B. Taurus |isbn=978-1-86064-837-3 |language=en |via=Google Books}}
Coming of Age as a Poet: Milton, Keats, Eliot, Plath {{isbn|9780674013834}} (2003)
Poets Thinking: Pope, Whitman, Dickinson, Yeats, {{isbn|9780674021105 }} (2004)
Invisible Listeners: Lyric Intimacy in Herbert, Whitman, and Ashbery (2005)
Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and Lyric Form, {{isbn|9780674026957 }} (2007)
Last Looks, Last Books: Stevens, Plath, Lowell, Bishop, Merrill (2010)
Dickinson: Selected Poems and Commentaries {{isbn|9780674066380}} (2010)
The Ocean, the Bird, and the Scholar: Essays on Poets and Poetry (2015)

References

{{reflist |refs=

{{citation |last=Grimes |first=William |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Helen Vendler, 'Colossus' of Poetry Criticism, Dies at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/books/helen-vendler-dead.html |access-date=April 26, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

}}

External links

[http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/8016.html Invisible Listeners Book (Princeton University Press)]
[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/books/review/Donadio.t.html?ref=review&pagewanted=all "The Closest Reader." (New York Times Profile)]
[http://www.nybooks.com/authors/184 Helen Vendler author page and archive] from The New York Review of Books
[http://media.nybooks.com/110308-vendler.mp3 Vendler audio interview on the friendship and correspondence] between poets Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell
{{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1324/the-art-of-criticism-no-3-helen-vendler| title=Helen Vendler, The Art of Criticism No. 3| author= Henri Cole| journal=The Paris Review| date=Winter 1996 | volume=Winter 1996| issue=141}}
[http://podcast.lannan.org/2009/08/06/helen-vendler/ Recorded at the Lensic Theater in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on January 22, 2003.] Audio file 1 hr 20 mins. Discussion on W. B. Yeats and poetic forms
{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110425181734/http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/the-finite-furnished-with-the-infinite/ 'The Finite Furnished with the Infinite']}}, review of Dickinson in The Oxonian Review