:Immigration to Portugal
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{{For|Immigration from African countries to Portugal|Afro-Portuguese people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Historical populations
|title= Legal foreign
residents in Portugal
|type =
|cols = 1
|percentages=pagr
|footnote =Source:{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Relatório Estatístico 2003 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2003.pdf |access-date=17 September 2024 |website=sefstat.sef.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=29 September 2023 |title=População Estrangeira Residente em Portugal - TOTAL |url=https://www.gee.gov.pt/pt/lista-publicacoes/estatisticas-de-imigrantes-em-portugal-por-nacionalidade/regioes-do-mundo/9129-populacao-estrangeira-residente-em-portugal-mundo/file |access-date=17 September 2024 |website=gee.gov.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=17 September 2024 |title=Relatório de migrações e asilo 2023 |url=https://aima.gov.pt/media/pages/documents/92dd0f02ea-1726562672/rma-2023.pdf |access-date=17 September 2024 |website=aima.gov.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=População estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente (N.º) por Sexo; Anual |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0001274&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=ine.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=23 April 2024 |title=50 Anos de Revolução. Quem éramos, quem somos |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/50-anos-de-revolucao-quem-eramos-quem-somos_es1565209 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=rtp.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{cite web |date=8 April 2025 |title=Relatório intercalar, Recuperação de processos pendentes na AIMA, População Estrangeira em Portugal |url=https://aima.gov.pt/media/pages/documents/4a518251d7-1744128191/relatorio-intercalar-recuperacao-de-processos-pendentes-na-aima-populacao-estrangeira-em-portugal.pdf |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=aima.gov.pt |language=pt}}
|1974 | 32057
|1980 | 50750
|1985 | 79594
|1990 | 107767
|1995 | 168316
|2000 | 207587
|2005 | 274631
|2010 | 443055
|2015 | 383759
|2020 | 666374
|2022 | 994011
|2023 | 1293463
|2024 | 1546521
}}
As of December 2022, Portugal had 1,733,067 inhabitants that were born in a foreign country, out of 10,516,621 inhabitants, accounting for 16.48% of its total population.{{Cite web |title=Resident population (No.) by Sex, Age and Birthplace; Annual |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0006031&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2&xlang=en}}{{Cite web |title=POPULATION AND MIGRATION • INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | date=9 April 2025 |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/factbook-2009-7-en.pdf?expires=1720426135&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=94D312A07316984D11192244C4A8BEDE}} This figure also include Portuguese nationals born abroad.
In 2023, AIMA reported that, of the 1,044,606 foreign residents believed to be living in Portugal, 553,801 identified as male (53%), and 490,437 as female (47%).{{Cite web |title=AIMA Report 2023 |url=https://aima.gov.pt/media/pages/documents/92dd0f02ea-1726562672/rma-2023.pdf}} 63.5% of foreign citizens lived in Lisbon, Faro or Setúbal districts: these districts account for 35.2% of the country's population.{{Cite web |last= |date=23 June 2023 |title=Quase 800 mil estrangeiros vivem em Portugal e 30% são brasileiros |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/quase-800-mil-estrangeiros-vivem-em-portugal-e-30-sao-brasileiros-16577792.html |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}File:Portuguese and foreign born population pyramid in 2021.svg in 2021|left]]
As of December 2023, foreign citizens' origins were subdivided as follows: America (38.9%), Europe (26.5%), Asia (16.1%), Africa (18.4%) and Oceania (0.1%).{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 2022 |url=https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf}} Major groups of immigrants to Portugal include Brazilians, Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Britons, Indians, Bissau-Guineans, Nepalis, Chinese, São Toméans, Bangladeshis, Ukrainians, Romanians, Pakistanis, Americans, Russians, Venezuelans, Mozambicans and Moldovans. Brazilians made up the largest foreign community in the country (368,449) followed by Angolans (55,589) and Cape Verdeans (48,885).
The share of children born in Portugal to foreign resident mothers stood at 21.9% in 2023.{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal – Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008087&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.ine.pt}}{{Cite web |last=Campos |first=Alexandra |date=2023-08-12 |title=Um sexto dos bebés nascidos em 2022 em Portugal são filhos de mães estrangeiras |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/08/12/sociedade/noticia/sexto-bebes-nascidos-2022-portugal-sao-filhos-maes-estrangeiras-2060034 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Neves |first=Sofia |date=2023-01-01 |title=Aariz, o primeiro bebé do ano em Portugal, é filho de paquistaneses |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/01/01/sociedade/noticia/aariz-bebe-ano-portugal-filho-paquistaneses-2033382 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} The share of children born from foreign-born mothers reached 25% in 2022.{{Cite web |title=Quase um quarto dos bebés nascidos em Portugal em 2022 tinham mãe com naturalidade estrangeira |date=10 March 2024 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/03/10/sociedade/noticia/quase-quarto-bebes-nascidos-portugal-2022-mae-naturalidade-estrangeira-2083131}}File:"Lisbon City of tolerance" (African Immigrants) (12131354684).jpg, Lisbon]]Due to population ageing, immigration is the only factor that has made the Portuguese population grow in recent years. Foreigners in Portugal have higher activity{{clarify|date=April 2025}} rates than nationals, as per the 2022 Annual Statistical Report of the Observatory.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Pedro Góis. "Se não fosse a imigração, o cenário em Portugal seria muito pior" |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/pedro-gois-se-nao-fosse-a-imigracao-o-cenario-em-portugal-seria-muito-pior-14905386.html |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Renascença |date=2022-12-18 |title=Sem imigrantes, Portugal terá apenas 7 milhões de habitantes em 2050 - Renascença |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/extralarge/pais/2022/12/18/sem-imigrantes-portugal-tera-apenas-7-milhoes-de-habitantes-em-2050/312280/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Rádio Renascença |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal - Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008270&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.ine.pt}}{{Cite web |title=Sem os imigrantes alguns setores da sociedade entrariam em colapso, revela relatório |url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/imigrantes/sociedade/sem-os-imigrantes-alguns-setores-da-sociedade-entrariam-em-colapso-revela-relatorio/20221219/63a098a10cf255d6e14175e4 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=CNN Portugal |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title="Se não chegarem mais imigrantes a Portugal, a economia diminui, deixa de funcionar" |url=https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2023-07-22-Se-nao-chegarem-mais-imigrantes-a-Portugal-a-economia-diminui-deixa-de-funcionar-66294261 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Jornal Expresso |date=22 July 2023 |language=pt-PT}} Immigrants have been proved to be particularly vital to sectors of the Portuguese economy employing few Portuguese nationals, mainly due to the wages being low such as tourism industry,{{Cite web|date=2024-02-02 |title=Comunidade do Bangladesh em Portugal: três décadas de luta pela integração |url=https://observatoriodomundoislamico.pt/comunidade-do-bangladesh-em-portugal-tres-decadas-de-luta-pela-integracao/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=OMI |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Pimenta |first=Mariana Duarte, Paulo |date=2024-08-29 |title=Alam Shah Kazol: o guardião da comunidade bengalesa do Porto |url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/08/29/sociedade/entrevista/alam-shah-kazol-guardiao-comunidade-bengalesa-porto-2101802 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} fishery,{{Cite web |date=2024-04-30 |title=Pescadores da Póvoa de Varzim estão revoltados e ameaçam parar |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2024-04-30-video-pescadores-da-povoa-de-varzim-estao-revoltados-e-ameacam-parar-3c11d130 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}} agriculture,{{Cite web |last=Redação |date=2019-07-03 |title=Mais de metade dos tailandeses vivem em Beja |url=https://www.radiocampanario.com/mais-de-metade-dos-tailandeses-vivem-em-beja/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Rádio Campanário |language=pt-PT}} catering{{Cite web |date=2023-07-29 |title=Os Singhs do Algarve |url=https://expresso.pt/revista/2023-07-29-Os-Singhs-do-Algarve-5efbb840 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Expresso |language=pt}} and civil construction.{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2024-10-27 |title=Imigração aumenta. Cada vez mais estrangeiros trabalham em Portugal |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/imigracao-aumenta-cada-vez-mais-estrangeiros-trabalham-em-portugal_v1610721 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Imigração aumenta. Cada vez mais estrangeiros trabalham em Portugal |language=pt}}
History
Portugal, for long a country of emigration, has become a meeting country of net immigration, and not just from the last Portuguese overseas territories in India (until 1961), Africa (until 1975), and Far East Asia (until 1999).
=''Retornados'', return migration and first immigrant communities: 1954–1986=
File:Jagannath chariot procession Hindu car festival, Lisbon Portugal.jpg in Portugal|221x221px]]
India annexed the Portuguese-ruled Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954 and integrated Daman and Diu and Goa in 1961, bringing an end to Portuguese colonial rule in India. In 1961, the newly independent state of Benin expelled the small Portuguese garrison that was stationed at the Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá, located in the town of Ouidah, which was historically significant as a center of Portuguese trade and influence in West Africa.
Following these events, a significant number of people, particularly white Portuguese settlers and people of mixed Portuguese descent, began migrating to Portugal. Many came from India and settling in Portugal traveled via Karachi, a city hosting an important Goan community. In addition to civilians, the migration included approximately 3,500 Portuguese military officers, who also sought to resettle in Portugal in the aftermath of the decolonization process. In the first two weeks following the annexation of Goa around 1,000 people moved to Portugal by air or by boat.{{Cite web |date=2017-06-02 |title=Presidente da CML visitou Casa de Goa |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/atualidade/noticias/detalhe/presidente-da-cml-visitou-casa-de-goa/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=MUNICÍPIO de LISBOA |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Ocupação de Goa, Damão e Diu pela União Indiana |url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/ocupacao-de-goa-damao-e-diu-pela-uniao-indiana/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=RTP Ensina |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=Tomada de Goa foi há 60 anos e Portugal recebeu centenas de refugiados |url=https://observador.pt/2021/12/16/portugal-perdeu-goa-ha-60-anos-e-recebeu-centenas-de-refugiados/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2021-04-19 |title=A diáspora goesa |url=https://www.dn.pt/opiniao/opiniao-dn/convidados/a-diaspora-goesa--13585843.html |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Chegada de refugiados goeses a Lisboa |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/chegada-de-refugiados-goeses-a-lisboa/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Chegada dos refugiados goeses |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/chegada-dos-refugiados-goeses/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Telegrama de José Melício Dias, em nome dos refugiados goeses de passagem por Karachi e reunidos na Embaixada de Portugal, cumprimentando o Presidente da República, Américo Tomás, por ocasião da celebração do Dia de Portugal |url=https://www.arquivo.presidencia.pt/details?id=232632&detailsType=Description}}{{Cite thesis |title=Um estudo etnomusicológico do Grupo de Danças e Cantares da Casa de Goa em Lisboa |date=1996 |url=https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/128278 |last1=Sardo |first1=Susana Bela Soares }}{{Cite web |title=X-arqWeb |url=https://arquivo.cm-oeiras.pt/Result.aspx?id=110663&type=PCD |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=arquivo.cm-oeiras.pt}}
File:Bebinca com 9 folhas.JPG bebinca served in Lisbon]]
According to a 2017 estimate by Casa de Goa, the association of Goans in Portugal, there were approximately 20,000 people of Goan descent living in the European country. However, other estimates suggest that the community may comprise as many as 50,000 individuals.{{Cite web |title=Goan community in Portugal |url=https://www.iimb.ac.in/sites/default/files/2018-07/WP_No_368.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Goeses em Portugal: "É como ter um pai e uma mãe e viver entre os dois" |url=https://www.tsf.pt/internacional/goeses-em-portugal-e-como-ter-um-pai-e-uma-mae-e-viver-entre-os-dois-5598434.html/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=TSF Rádio Notícias |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Brazão |first=Isabel |title=Milhares de goeses pediram nacionalidade portuguesa para ir para o Reino Unido |url=https://ccmm.madeira.gov.pt/index.php/publicacoes/noticias/761-milhares-de-goeses-pediram-nacionalidade-portuguesa-para-ir-para-o-reino-unido |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=ccmm.madeira.gov.pt |language=pt-pt}} The overwhelming majority of Goan-Portuguese people speak Portuguese as their native language and are Catholic, thus facilitating the integration process that predominantly took place in the 1960s and 1970s, following the Indian annexation of Goa.{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=São José |date=2014-11-24 |title=António Costa, um político para além da cor da pele |url=https://www.publico.pt/2014/11/24/politica/noticia/antonio-costapolitico-para-alem-da-cor-da-pele-1677000 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2020-09-12 |title=Mais antigo diário de Goa volta a publicar crónicas em português para celebrar 120 anos |url=https://expresso.pt/internacional/2020-09-12-Mais-antigo-diario-de-Goa-volta-a-publicar-cronicas-em-portugues-para-celebrar-120-anos |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Festa goesa na FIL |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/festa-goesa-na-fil/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=pt-PT}}
Despite being just a fraction (about 16%) of the total number of Indians in Portugal, Goans in are known for being fairly well-integrated. As early as the 19th century, there were Goan Members of Parliament (e.g. Francisco Gomes) and by 1958 there were 23 university professors and 19 politicians of Goan descent. Of the 14 Prime Ministers in Portuguese democratic history, 2 have been of Goan descent: Alfredo Nobre da Costa and António Costa.{{Cite web |title=Goeses |url=https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/32000/2067 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.icm.gov.mo}}{{Cite web |date=2021-05-05 |title=Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2021-05-05-Uma-comunidade-indiana-em-Portugal-diversa-e-dialogante-na-fe-0caca0c0 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Recordações do jovem Eanes para goeses lerem em português no jornal 'O Heraldo' |url=https://www.dn.pt/internacional/recordacoes-do-jovem-eanes-para-goeses-lerem-em-portugues-no-jornal-o-heraldo-13271476.html/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Diário de Notícias |date=25 January 2021 |language=pt}} Unlike the community in the United Kingdom, Goans in Portugal are mainly of upper class extraction and are highly qualified professionals. Later, they were joined by migrants of Goan descent from the African colonies, especially Mozambique.{{Cite web |title=Noite de Goa na Casa do Alentejo |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/noite-de-goa-na-casa-do-alentejo/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=A passage through Portugal |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/A-passage-through-Portugal/195324 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=oHeraldo|date=17 October 2022 }}{{Cite web |title=Goans in Portugal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256027964}}{{Cite web |title=From Goans to Gujaratis : a study of the Indian community in Portugal |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/45683680 |first=Inês|last=Lourenço|publisher=CARIM-India|via=core.ac.uk|date=2013|accessdate=8 July 2024}}{{Cite web |title='Indo-Portuguese bonds are not similar to Indo-British ties' |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/%E2%80%98IndoPortuguese-bonds-are-not-similar-to-IndoBritish-ties%E2%80%99/117398 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=oHeraldo|date=9 July 2017 }}{{Cite web |last=Menezes |first=Vivek |date=2020-06-15 |title=João Leão and Goa's European Vanguard |url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/jo-o-le-o-and-goa-s-european-vanguard-11592198190362.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=mint |language=en}}
On the other hand, Gujarati speakers from Daman and Diu tend to show lower level of integration, with a large community found in Marvila, Lisbon.{{Cite web |title=Da Quinta da Holandesa ao Bairro do Armador: realojamento, integração ou ambos para a comunidade indiana? |url=https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/15907/1/Vers%C3%A3o%20final.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Da Quinta da Holandesa ao Bairro do Armador: desafios de integração da comunidade hindu |date=22 February 2018 |url=https://maislisboa.fcsh.unl.pt/da-quinta-da-holandesa-ao-bairro-do-armador-desafios-integracao-da-comunidade-hindu/}}
In the late 1960s Portugal also saw a small influx of people of Portuguese descent relocating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.{{Cite web |last=Matos |first=Helena |date=2010-03-04 |title=Retornados: a palavra possível nasceu há 35 anos (I) |url=https://www.publico.pt/2010/03/04/jornal/retornados-a-palavra-possivel-nasceu-ha-35-anos-i-18920044 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}File:Lisboa (P), 2011. (6237732507).jpg in Lisbon|left|294x294px]]
A major immigrant influx and—to date, the largest process of immigration in Portuguese history—was recorded starting in 1974, when over a million Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from Angola and Mozambique) migrated to Portugal.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090113204408/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html Dismantling the Portuguese Empire], Time Magazine (7 July 1975) They are known and are still referred as retornados (meaning "those who came back") — Portuguese settlers and descendants of Portuguese (or other European such as Germans or Italians) settlers born in former African colonies who relocated to Portugal after their independence and in the first half of the 1980s. Due to the Portuguese colonization, white and mestiço people were frowned upon, in many cases white Luso-Africans experienced racist incidents. In particular, due to the outbreak of the Angolan Civil War, Portuguese in Angola left en masse, often having to leave all of their possessions behind and being allowed to exit the country with only 15,000 escudos to start a new life ({{approx}} €2,870 in 2023). Of those leaving Mozambique, many of the retornados were part of the Indian community in addition to white and black.{{Cite web |title=Quem eram os "retornados"? |url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/quem-eram-os-retornados/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=RTP Ensina |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Matos |first=Helena |title=Os retornados começaram a chegar há 40 anos |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/os-retornados-comecaram-chegar-ha-40-anos/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=25 de Abril: Retornados contam história 40 anos depois |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/detalhe/25_de_abril_retornados_contam_historia_40_anos_depois |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=São José |date=2014-04-19 |title=Os últimos filhos do Império |url=https://www.publico.pt/2014/04/20/sociedade/noticia/os-ultimos-filhos-do-imperio-1632525 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Portal do INE |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ipc |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.ine.pt}}{{citation |url=http://www.univie.ac.at/ecco/stichproben/Nr8_Bastos.pdf |title=Indian Transnationalisms in colonial and postcolonial Mozambique |journal=Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien |issue=8 |year=2005 |last=Pereira Bastos |first=Susana |pages=297–298, 301 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531201901/http://www.univie.ac.at/ecco/stichproben/Nr8_Bastos.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-31 }} In 2021, there were still 240,499 retornados alive who were residing in Portugal and who had fled Africa in the 1970s.{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011630 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}File:Portugal, verkiezingsstrijdstraatbeelden in Lissabon (begin 1975) straatbeelde, Bestanddeelnr 254-9572.jpg crisis|220x220px]]In the second half of the 1980s, immigration towards Portugal by people of African descent became visible, especially because of the Portuguese economic growth and the worsening of the conditions in Angola and Mozambique due to the respective civil wars that were fought in the two countries. One of the primary settlement areas for Black communities in Portugal, especially the Cape Verdean one, were the lands north of Lisbon, near the present-day parish of Benfica and the present-day municipalities of Amadora and Odivelas. Starting from the 1970s, numerous clandestine neighborhoods (bairros clandestinos) emerged here, often lacking basic services and plagued by crime-related issues.{{Cite web |last1=Ferreira |first1=José |last2=Schnoor |first2=Marina |last3=Felizardo |first3=Sérgio |date=2019-03-06 |title=À Margem da Lei: a vida no que resta do Bairro 6 de Maio |url=https://www.vice.com/pt/article/j57aa4/a-margem-da-lei-a-vida-no-que-resta-do-bairro-6-de-maio |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Vice |language=pt}} From 1993 onwards, with Portugal's slum eradication program, many people have been provided with alternative public housing and, despite the initial discrimination, many have nowadays found success.{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-10-14 |title=Jovens da Pedreira dos Húngaros fugiram do racismo e encontraram sucesso |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/2092656/jovens-da-pedreira-dos-hungaros-fugiram-do-racismo-e-encontraram-sucesso |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last1=Ferreira |first1=José |last2=Schnoor |first2=Marina |last3=Felizardo |first3=Sérgio |date=6 March 2019 |title=À Margem da Lei: a vida no que resta do Bairro 6 de Maio |url=https://www.vice.com/pt/article/j57aa4/a-margem-da-lei-a-vida-no-que-resta-do-bairro-6-de-maio |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Vice |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Bairros de imigrantes africanos demolidos em Lisboa – DW – 09/05/2016 |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/bairros-de-imigrantes-africanos-demolidos-em-lisboa/a-19245420 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=dw.com |language=pt}}
=1986–2007=
File:Batucadeiras_do_Bairro_6_de_Maio,_Damaia,_Lisboa_-_1994.jpg dancers in Damaia, Amadora in the early 90s|178x178px]]Immigration to Portugal increased after the country's accession to the EU in 1986 and soared significantly starting in the late 1990s, also under form of human trafficking.{{Cite journal |last=Dupraze |first=Paule |date=1999 |title=Pour une bibliographie des immigrations africaines au Portugal |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/luso_1257-0273_1999_num_6_1_1297 |journal=Lusotopie |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=516–525}}{{Cite web |title=A Proteção dos Direitos Humanos e as Vítimas de tráfico de Pessoas |url=https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/72061ba1/files/uploaded/NSIS-05-Report%20Human%20trafficking%20in%20Portugal.pdf}}
After Macau was returned to China in 1999, many Macanese moved to Portugal. According to a 1991 survey, 70% of Macanese were planning to move elsewhere, with 63.5% of these planning to move to Portugal. In 1991, there were already 500 Macanese families living in Lisbon.{{Cite web |last=Cunha |first=Vanessa |date=October–December 1997 |title=Macaenses em Portugal: Identidade, Morte e Família Um Modelo de Análise |url=https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/30033/1994 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=www.icm.gov.mo}}{{Citation |title=Macaenses em Lisboa, Ilusão ou Realidade | date=6 December 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pedruDzaeoU |access-date=2024-03-10 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=PÚBLICO e |date=2023-04-18 |title=Chefe de governo macaense diz que Macau "é uma sociedade dotada de liberdades" |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/04/18/mundo/noticia/chefe-governo-macaense-macau-sociedade-dotada-liberdades-2046605 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Macau |first=Luís Andrade de Sá, em |date=1999-12-18 |title=Macaenses conformados |url=https://www.publico.pt/1999/12/18/jornal/macaenses-conformados-127989 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}
Ukrainian migration to Portugal started in the late 1990s, and experienced significant growth in the early 2000s. Initially, immigrants arrived through both organized and illegal channels, often with Schengen visas. While some initially intended short stays, many chose long-term residence, establishing families and pursuing the recognition of their qualifications for access to higher-paying jobs.{{cite web|access-date=2014-09-13|archive-date=13 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913061930/http://www.acidi.gov.pt/noticias/visualizar-noticia/53ac3603952e2/a-comunidade-ucraniana-em-portugal|date=2014-06-26|publisher=Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e Diálogo Intercultural (ACIDI)|title=A Comunidade Ucraniana em Portugal|url=http://www.acidi.gov.pt/noticias/visualizar-noticia/53ac3603952e2/a-comunidade-ucraniana-em-portugal}}{{cite web|access-date=2014-09-13|archive-date=17 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017124521/http://www.dn.pt/inicio/portugal/interior.aspx?content_id=2646454|date=4 July 2012|publisher=Diário de Notícias|title=Portugal tem menos imigrantes|url=http://www.dn.pt/inicio/portugal/interior.aspx?content_id=2646454}}{{cite web|access-date=2014-09-13|date=2010|publisher=DGACCP|title=Espaço Schengen e Tipos de Vistos Schengen|url=http://www.secomunidades.pt/vistos/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97&lang=pt|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929033218/http://www.secomunidades.pt/vistos/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97&lang=pt|url-status=dead}}
In 2007 the country hosted around 435,000 foreign residents,{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2025-02-07 |title=Captura de fugitivos de Vale de Judeus. Sem cooperação entre Espanha e Portugal, "operação seria impossível" |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/captura-de-fugitivos-de-vale-de-judeus-sem-cooperacao-entre-espanha-e-portugal-operacao-seria-impossivel_n1632851 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Captura de fugitivos de Vale de Judeus. Sem cooperação entre Espanha e Portugal, "operação seria impossível" |language=pt}} excluding naturalised citizens and people of foreign descent. From 1998 to 2006 around 21,000 people were granted Portuguese citizenship, with more than 60% of those becoming Portuguese hailing from Africa, and in particular from Portuguese speaking African countries.{{Cite web |title=Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship. Online data code: migr_acq |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_acq__custom_15288620/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=ec.europa.eu}}
=2008–2013=
Immigration to Portugal decreased significantly after the dire consequences of the 2008 financial crisis. At the same time, emigration of both Portuguese and foreign nationals increased.
File:Avenida da Ucrania (dorogovkaz).jpg
Between 2008 and 2013 unemployment rate in Portugal rose from 7.6% to 17.1%{{Cite web |title=Taxa de desemprego: total e por sexo (%) |url=https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/taxa+de+desemprego+total+e+por+sexo+(percentagem)-550 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.pordata.pt}} and 2013 GDP was 7.60% lower than the value recorded for 2007 GDP.{{Cite web |title=Taxa de crescimento do PIB |url=https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/taxa+de+crescimento+do+pib-2298 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.pordata.pt}} Moreover, between 2007 and 2013 there was a 10.35% inflation rate, meaning that the Purchasing power of Portuguese families decreased significantly.{{Cite web |title=Taxa de Inflação (Taxa de Variação do Índice de Preços no Consumidor): total e por consumo individual por objetivo |url=https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/taxa+de+inflacao+(taxa+de+variacao+do+indice+de+precos+no+consumidor)+total+e+por+consumo+individual+por+objetivo-2315 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.pordata.pt}} From 2008 to 2013, around 412,000 people left the country (51.2% did so permanently).{{Cite web |title=Emigrantes: total e por tipo e sexo |url=https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/emigrantes+total+e+por+tipo+e+sexo-23 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.pordata.pt}} Of those who left the country 5.47% (22,547 people) were foreigners and 65.3% of the foreigners doing so left the country permanently. This means that 3.9% of the 2008 population left the country in just 6 years.
In fact, Portugal reached its historical population peak - up until 2023{{Cite web |title=INE.pt |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_main&xpid=INE}} - in 2009 when 10,573,479 people lived in the country: this value decreased to 10,395,121 people (−1.7%) at the end of 2013, due to the combined effect of increased emigration, decreasing immigration and population ageing.{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal – Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008273 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.ine.pt}} It is significant to highlight that only 140,845 people immigrated to Portugal between 2008 and 2013 meaning that the country experienced a net migration loss of around −271,000. In particular, in 2012 less than 15,000 immigrants permanently settled in Portugal.{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal – Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0006057&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.ine.pt}}
As for the Ukrainian community, for instance - that in 2007 was the second largest foreign community in the country - declining investment in public projects and improved immigration control prompted many Ukrainians to leave.{{cite web |date=26 June 2014 |title=A Comunidade Ucraniana em Portugal |trans-title=The Ukrainian community in Portugal |url=http://www.acidi.gov.pt/noticias/visualizar-noticia/53ac3603952e2/a-comunidade-ucraniana-em-portugal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913061930/http://www.acidi.gov.pt/noticias/visualizar-noticia/53ac3603952e2/a-comunidade-ucraniana-em-portugal |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014 |work=High Commissariat for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue (ACIDI) |language=pt}}
With the ease of the economic crisis and increase in tourism and industrial production, immigration increased again after 2013.
=2014–2019=
File:Portugalresidencepermit.png issued to non-EU citizens]]
Following the recovery of the Portuguese economy starting in 2014, immigration to Portugal increased once again. From 2014 to 2019, emigration decreased by 42.8% while immigration increased by 413%.
Between 2013 and 2019 the unemployment rate in Portugal fell from 17.1% to 6.6% and 2019 GDP was 14.35% higher than the value recorded for 2013 GDP. It is also worth noting that the value recorded for 2019 GDP was 5.71% higher than the one recorded in 2007: Portugal officially recovered from the Financial crisis and the troika austerity measures in 2017. Moreover, between 2014 and 2019 the increase in prices was modest (the country recorded a 3.54% inflation rate), meaning that the Purchasing power of Portuguese families increased significantly.
During these years, almost 573,000 people left the country: despite Portugal's reputation as an economic success story since the financial crisis, many young, educated workers are still more attracted by significantly higher wages in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland or Germany.Victoria Waldersee (15 October 2019), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-portugal-emigration-programme/portugal-amends-returnee-program-in-bid-to-attract-more-citizens-home-idUSKBN1WU2KS Portugal amends returnee program in bid to attract more citizens home] Reuters. On the other hand, it is significant to note that the share of those leaving permanently fell to 38.4%, meaning that high skilled workers are, after 2013, more willing to come back to Portugal after having acquired some years of experience, typically in Northern European countries. As a measure to revert skill-drain, population decrease and ageing, the government has since created new measures to attract Portuguese emigrants to return home.{{cite web |title=Portugal is paying its emigrants to return |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/portugal-emigration-incentives-population/ |work=World Economic Forum}}File:Lisbon, Portugal... sign welcoming migrants to the city.jpg
Of those who left the country 3.96% (22,685 people) were foreigners but only 31.4% of them left the country permanently. This means that although 5.5% of the 2013 population left the country in 6 years (2014–2019), the majority of them - or 61.6% - did so temporarily, meaning for less than one year. After 2014, the country's population decline rate started to slow. The population still fell to 10,333,496 people in 2018 - equivalent to the country's population in January 2000 - but it was mostly due to population ageing. On the other hand, it is worth noting that by the end of 2019, due increasing immigration, Portugal's population had recovered the value recorded in 2014 (around 10,395,000).
It is significant to highlight that around 295,000 people immigrated permanently to Portugal between 2014 and 2019. In particular, 51.1% of those who settled in Portugal in this period did so between 2018 and 2019. The surge in immigration was due to the good economic conditions of the country, to the crisis in Brazil (the primary source of immigration in Portugal) and to numerous programs devised during the years of the 2008–2013 crisis aimed at attracting foreign capitals: these include the Non-habitual residency (NHR) taxation law (2009), the Portuguese Golden Visa law (2012), and the Sephardi Nationality Act (2015).
The Portuguese government has thus not only developed strategies aiming at calling back Portuguese emigrants but also at attracting foreign citizens.
It is with this goal that in 2009 was devised a program that has attracted foreigners, particularly since 2013: it is the special tributary regime that grants to certain categories of new residents a flat tax and protects them from double taxation (NHR).{{Cite web |title=Regime Fiscal Residente |url=https://portaldascomunidades.mne.gov.pt/images/GADG/IRS__Regime_Fiscal_Residente_N%C3%A3o_Habitual.pdf}} Many pensioners, especially from Northern European countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Finland and Norway have taken advantage of the law and moved to Portugal. Due to increased pressure from the countries of origin of the retirees as well as from the local Portuguese population (subject to a different taxation system) the program was drastically changed.{{Cite web |title=Portugal e Suécia assinam acordo sobre impostos dos pensionistas |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/impostos/detalhe/portugal-e-suecia-assinam-acordo-sobre-impostos-dos-pensionistas |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Suécia perdeu a paciência e quer revogar acordo fiscal com Portugal |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/impostos/detalhe/suecia-perdeu-a-paciencia-e-quer-revogar-acordo-fiscal-com-portugal |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last= |date=22 November 2021 |title=Regime português para pensionistas estrangeiros é dos mais prejudiciais da UE |url=https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/regime-portugues-para-pensionistas-estrangeiros-e-dos-mais-prejudiciais-da-ue-14340210.html |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title="Flórida da Europa": Portugal atrai reformados ricos e divide europeus |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/impostos/detalhe/-florida-da-europa-portugal-atrai-reformados-ricos-e-divide-europeus |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Pensionistas estrangeiros podem pedir IRS de 0% até março de 2021 |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/financas-publicas/detalhe/pensionistas-estrangeiros-podem-pedir-irs-de-0-ate-marco-de-2021 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}} Nevertheless, pensioners continue coming to Portugal thanks to the high quality of life, Mediterranean climate and sunny weather.File:Carnaval de Arroios L1190579 (24585800474).jpgAnother program is the Golden visa law, devised in 2012. It is an immigrant investor program by the government of Portugal that granted residency in Portugal to people who invested in properties worth at least €500,000 or created 10 jobs in Portugal.{{cite web |title=ARI – Residence permit for investment activity |url=https://www.sef.pt/en/pages/conteudo-detalhe.aspx?nID{{=}}21 |website=SEF.pt}} As of September 2023 the program has resulted in 33,142 residence permits granted, of which 38.4% to investors and 61.6% to their family members. 42.5% of the investors who have benefited from the program came from China, other significant countries include Brazil (9.88%), the US (6.14%), Turkey (4.82%) and South Africa (4.51%). Around 6.5 billion euros (€) were invested in the acquisition of 11,383 real estate properties (for a mean value of 566,754 €), but only 23 jobs were created.{{Cite web |title=Visto Gold |url=https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/SET_2023_ARI_CUMULATIVO.pdf}} In addition, around 867 million euros (€) were transferred to Portugal.{{Cite web |date=6 April 2023 |title=Fim dos vistos gold: "Portugal precisa de investimento estrangeiro como de pão para a boca" |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/economia/2023-04-06-Fim-dos-vistos-gold-Portugal-precisa-de-investimento-estrangeiro-como-de-pao-para-a-boca-5059839d |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}} Due to the overwhelming majority of Golden visas being issued because of investments solely and exclusively dedicated to real estate and there being a very low investment in job creation and other activities adding value to the economy, the program has been cancelled in July 2023.{{Cite web |last=ECO |date=6 July 2023 |title=Parlamento aprova fim de novos vistos gold |url=https://eco.sapo.pt/2023/07/06/parlamento-aprova-fim-de-novos-vistos-gold/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ECO |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=Reação mista ao fim dos vistos Gold em Portugal |url=https://pt.euronews.com/viagens/2023/04/14/reacao-mista-ao-fim-dos-vistos-gold-em-portugal |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=euronews |language=pt}}
File:Manif contra o massacre do povo de Gaza - Lisboa (Esquerda.Net 14805027722).jpg
A last measure that has boosted immigration to Portugal has been the law aimed at the descendants of Portuguese Jews expelled in 1496. In 2015 the Portuguese parliament officially acknowledged the expulsion as unrightful. To try to make up for the past mistakes, the government passed a law known as "Law of Return".{{Cite web |title=Portuguese Law of Return |url=https://lawoffice.org.il/en/portuguese-law-of-return/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |language=en-US}} The law aims to right the historic wrongs of the Portuguese Inquisition, which resulted in the expulsion or forced conversion of thousands of Jews from Portugal in the 15th and 16th centuries. The law grants citizenship to any descendants of those persecuted Jews who can prove their Sephardic Jewish ancestry and a "connection" to Portugal. It is intended to provide a measure of justice and recognition to those whose families suffered from discrimination and persecution centuries ago.{{Cite web |title=Portuguese Law: Sephardic descendants eligible to obtain Portuguese Citizenship – Sponsored Content {{!}} The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/spotlight/portuguese-law-sephardic-descendants-eligible-to-obtain-portuguese-citizenship/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Getting The Portuguese Citizenship For The Sephardic Jews |url=https://www.abitbol-associes.com/en/getting-the-portuguese-citizenship-for-the-sephardic-jews/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Abitbol Associes |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Nationality: Acquisition by Descendants of Sephardic Jews |url=https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/consular-services/consular-services/acquisition-of-portuguese-nationality-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Embassy of Portugal to the United States of America |language=en-gb}}{{Cite web |last=Renascença |title=Renascença – A par com o mundo. |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/informacao_detalhe.aspx?fid=1&did=104840 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Rádio Renascença |language=pt-pt}} Since 2015, more than 262,000 people from 60 countries (mostly from Israel or Turkey) applied to Portuguese citizenship in virtue of them being of Sephardic descent, of which 75,000 (or 28.63% of the applicants) were granted Portuguese passports.{{Cite web |last=Machado |first=Alexandra |title=Mais de 30 mil descendentes de sefarditas receberam cidadania portuguesa desde 2015 |url=https://observador.pt/2022/01/02/mais-de-30-mil-descendentes-de-sefarditas-receberam-cidadania-portuguesa-desde-2015/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=Descendentes sefarditas a viver no estrangeiro foram quem mais obteve a cidadania portuguesa |url=https://observador.pt/2022/12/18/descendentes-sefarditas-a-viver-no-estrangeiro-foram-quem-mais-obteve-a-cidadania-portuguesa/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Sefarditas de mais de 60 países pediram nacionalidade portuguesa |url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/sociedade/sefarditas-de-mais-de-60-paises-pediram-nacionalidade-portuguesa-14593300.html |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=TSF Rádio Notícias |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |author2=Ian Pomerantz |author1=Leandro Da Mota Damasceno, Ian |date=14 March 2023 |title=O que aconteceu à "reparação histórica mais progressista" da Europa? |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/03/14/opiniao/opiniao/aconteceu-reparacao-historica-progressista-europa-2042401 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Portugal moves to end Sephardic Jewish citizenship law |website=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/portugal-moves-to-end-sephardic-jewish-citizenship-law/}} According to a 2023 estimate, there might be already 15,000 Portuguese-Israelis living in Portugal.{{Cite news |title=Tchau Israel! Tens of Thousands of Israelis Call This Country Their New Home |newspaper=Haaretz |date=24 May 2023 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-05-24/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/tchau-israel-tens-of-thousands-of-israelis-call-this-country-their-new-home/00000188-4d48-df79-a19d-ff5cd9740000 |last1=Cohen |first1=Adi }} Despite the good intentions of the law, some doubts arose over the legitimate attribution of Portuguese citizenship after it was revealed that people such as Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich were Portuguese – thus EU – citizens under the new law. Due to the controversies and the recent judicial investigations the law will come to an end starting in December 2024.{{Cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |last2=Silva |first2=Beatriz Ramalho da |date=16 March 2022 |title=Portugal to change law under which Roman Abramovich gained citizenship |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/16/portugal-nationality-by-descent-law-roman-abramovich-citizenship |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |date=27 February 2023 |title=Les secrets de la ruée sur les passeports portugais |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2023/02/27/les-secrets-de-la-ruee-sur-les-passeports-portugais_6163428_3210.html |access-date=2023-04-12}}{{Cite web |date=6 May 2022 |title=Descendentes de judeus sefarditas correm por nacionalidade em Portugal antes de nova regra |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2022/05/descendentes-de-judeus-sefarditas-correm-por-nacionalidade-em-portugal-antes-de-nova-regra.shtml |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Eurico |date=6 April 2023 |title=Comunicado do Conselho de Ministros de 6 de abril de 2023 |url=https://www.homepagejuridica.pt/noticias/11948-comunicado-do-conselho-de-ministros-de-6-de-abril-de-2023 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=www.homepagejuridica.pt |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |last=Oliveira |first=Marta Moitinho |date=15 April 2023 |title=Lei dos judeus sefarditas válida até ao final de 2023 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/04/15/politica/noticia/lei-judeus-sefarditas-valida-ate-final-2023-2046223 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=ECO |date=15 April 2023 |title=Regime atual para descendentes de judeus sefarditas pedirem nacionalidade termina em dezembro |url=https://eco.sapo.pt/2023/04/15/regime-atual-para-descendentes-de-judeus-sefarditas-pedirem-nacionalidade-termina-em-dezembro/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ECO |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Gomes |first=João Francisco |title=Regime especial para judeus sefarditas alargado até dezembro de 2024. Deve ser criada comissão para certificar pedidos |url=https://observador.pt/2023/12/07/regime-especial-para-judeus-sefarditas-alargado-ate-dezembro-de-2024-deve-ser-criada-comissao-para-certificar-pedidos/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Lopes |first=Maria |date=2023-12-06 |title=PS estende regras para judeus sefarditas até final de 2024 e cria comissão de avaliação |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/12/06/politica/noticia/ps-estende-regras-judeus-sefarditas-ate-final-2024-cria-comissao-avaliacao-2072797 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}
=2020–2022=
File:Lisboa_Rua_do_Benformoso.jpg in Lisbon: there might be up to 15,000 people of Bangladeshi descent living in the neighbourhood{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Mouraria. No bairro do fado, dos talhos 'halal' e do cheiro a caril, as pessoas vivem em condições "tão miseráveis porque não têm alternativas" |url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/dossier/mouraria-no-bairro-do-fado-dos-talhos-halal-e-do-cheiro-a-caril-as-pessoas-vivem-em-condicoes-tao-miseraveis-porque-nao-tem-alternativas/63e688b90cf2cf9224f86ff5 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=CNN Portugal |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=Comunidade do Bangladesh tem cerca 20 infetados em bairro lisboeta |url=https://observador.pt/2020/04/22/comunidade-do-bangladesh-tem-cerca-20-infetados-em-bairro-lisboeta/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=1 March 2018 |title="Bangla em Lisboa". Surpreendente retrato de uma comunidade rendida a Portugal |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/bangla-em-lisboa-surpreendente-retrato-de-uma-comunidade-rendida-a-portugal_v1061143 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website="Bangla em Lisboa". Surpreendente retrato de uma comunidade rendida a Portugal |language=pt}}|330x330px]]
Immigration to Portugal has steadily increased in the last years. At the beginning of 2020 there were 590,348 foreigners living in the country, their number increased to 662,095 at the end of 2020, to 698,887 at the end of 2021 and up to 781,915 at the end of 2022. This means that the relative incidence of foreigners has increased from 5.7% to 7.5% in just 3 years. From December 2019 to December 2022 the number of foreigners increased by 32.4%.
Some immigrant communities, like those arrived from Africa and South America, are growing as a result of economic migration – foreigners looking for better economic conditions abroad. The outlook of the economy of Portugal is good, unemployment remains stable and in line with the rest of the EU. In fact, since 2018 Portugal has recorded a lower unemployment rate than that recorded in both the Eurozone and the EU as a whole. For instance, in 2022 the unemployment rate in Portugal stood at 6%, while for the EU and the Eurozone the recorded values were respectively 6.2% and 6.8%.{{Cite web |title=Unemployment by sex and age – annual data |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/UNE_RT_A/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ec.europa.eu}} In addition, despite suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic, the GDP recorded for 2022 was 3.22% higher than in 2019.
Other immigrant communities, like most of those arrived from other EU member states, are a result of the attractiveness of the country for high income foreign citizens looking for a better quality of life, a warmer sunny weather, security and exquisite cuisine.
From 2020 to 2022 around 205,909 people emigrated from Portugal, continuing the decrease in emigration recorded since 2014. This means that 2.0% of the 2019 population left the country in the last 3 years but 60.2% did so temporarily, meaning for less than one year. Moreover, it is worth noting that almost 300,000 people entered the country permanently since 2019, a sharp increase and the largest influx of immigrants ever recorded in Portugal since the 1980s.
Despite the surge in immigration, it is, however, worth noting that in 2023, Portugal was still the European Union country with the most emigrants in relative terms. In the last 20 years,15 per cent of the population emigrated. Portugal had the highest proportion of emigrants in Europe and ranked eighth globally in terms of the percentage of its population who migrated.{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Patrícia |date=2024-01-12 |title=Portugal é o país da Europa com mais emigração. Em 20 anos, 15% da população emigrou |url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/01/12/sociedade/noticia/emigracao-estagnou-cerca-65-mil-ano-saem-pais-20-anos-cerca-15-populacao-portuguesa-2076611 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=SAPO |title=Os 10 países do mundo com mais emigrantes. Portugal está na lista |url=https://lifestyle.sapo.pt/vida-e-carreira/noticias-vida-e-carreira/artigos/os-10-paises-do-mundo-com-mais-emigrantes-portugal-esta-na-lista |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=SAPO Lifestyle |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=EU citizens living abroad as share of population 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1420601/eu-migration-citizens-living-abroad-share-population/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Statista |language=en}}
=Lusophone migrants act and end of Golden visa, NHR and nationality for Sephardi Jews: 2023–present=
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the Prime Minister of Portugal, Mr. Antonio Costa with the performers from Indian community during his visit to Comunidade Hindu de Portugal, a Hindu Temple, in Lisbon, Portugal.jpg and Portuguese PM António Costa visiting the Hindu Temple of Lisbon. Costa's government promoted the end of the NHR, Golden Visa and Sephardi nationality act|left|220x220px]]It is expected that the number of foreigners will further increase in the next few years: in early 2023, Portugal regularized around 113,000 CPLP citizens residing illegally in the country.{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=SEF prepara resposta para legalizar cerca de 170 mil imigrantes fora do espaço lusófono |url=https://observador.pt/2023/05/25/sef-prepara-resposta-para-legalizar-cerca-de-170-mil-imigrantes-fora-do-espaco-lusofono/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Expresso |date=16 February 2023 |url=https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2023-02-16-Governo-avanca-com-megaoperacao-para-regularizar-processos-de-imigrantes-sao-150-mil-e-os-pavilhoes-covid-19-poderao-ser-usados-1706c221}} By September the number of Portuguese-speaking immigrants who have received an "authorization of residence" -valid for one year and automatically renewed for those with clean criminal record - had reached 151,000 people, of whom 75% are Brazilians.{{Cite web |title=Visto CPLP: O que está no centro da polémica? – DW – 05/10/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/visto-cplp-o-que-est%C3%A1-no-centro-da-pol%C3%A9mica/a-67006113 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=dw.com |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-21 |title=Enganados pelo Governo: limitações do visto CPLP dificultam vida de imigrantes |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/enganados-pelo-governo-limitacoes-do-visto-cplp-dificultam-vida-de-imigrantes-17202770.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Portugal vai renovar vistos automaticamente; veja quem poderá ter este benefício |url=https://exame.com/carreira/portugal-deixara-automatico-aumento-no-periodo-de-vista-veja-quem-podera-ter-este-beneficio/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Exame |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Beatriz |title=Migrantes da CPLP sem registo criminal terão visto prolongado automaticamente |url=https://observador.pt/2023/12/05/migrantes-da-cplp-sem-registo-criminal-terao-visto-prolongado-automaticamente/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}} In total, it was reported that in February 2023 around 300,000 foreigners who live illegally in Portugal were awaiting regularization.{{Cite web |title=SEF lança operação para regularizar casos de 300 mil imigrantes que estão em espera |date=17 February 2023 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/02/17/sociedade/noticia/sef-prepara-operacao-regularizar-cerca-300-mil-processos-imigrantes-2039323}} By November of the same year, the number of those awaiting for regularization had soared to 700,000 people.{{Cite web |title=Portugal: O drama dos imigrantes à espera de um visto – DW – 05/11/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/portugal-o-drama-dos-imigrantes-%C3%A0-espera-de-um-visto/a-67310682 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=dw.com |language=pt}}
It is also worth noting that in July 2023 the Portuguese government sent abroad - for the first time - officials to recruit workers in India, Morocco, Timor-Leste and Cabo Verde.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=Governo envia funcionários para recrutar trabalhadores de Marrocos, Timor, Índia e Cabo Verde |url=https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/governo-envia-funcionarios-para-recrutar-trabalhadores-de-marrocos-timor-india-e-cabo-verde-16764182.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}
The Portuguese government had introduced, since the 2008 financial crisis, a number of measures aimed at attracting foreign capitals to the country. In particular, there have been the Non-habitual residency (NHR) taxation law (2009), the Portuguese Golden Visa law (2012), and the Sephardi Nationality Act (2015). Due to both international and internal pressure but also due to the economic recovery of the country, in 2023 it was announced that all three programs would have been phased out by the end of 2024.File:Lissabon (Belém), Park Vasco da Gama, Thai Pavillon.JPGThe NHR, a scheme offering a flat tax and protection from double taxation for specific categories of new residents relocating to Portugal, underwent significant changes in 2020. This adjustment was prompted by an influx of pensioners, particularly from Nordic countries, who were moving to Portugal to take advantage of a fiscal regime that was deemed disadvantageous to their home countries. The Portuguese government has announced the end the 10-year tax incentive regime for non-permanent residents, including digital nomads, in 2024. Prime Minister António Costa stated that the regime will persist for current beneficiaries. Costa argued that maintaining differentiated tax levels for non-permanent residents would perpetuate fiscal injustice and inflate the real estate market. As of July 2023, 89,000 foreigners were benefiting from the non-permanent resident tax regime.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=Portugal vai encerrar programa de incentivos fiscais para estrangeiros |url=https://exame.com/economia/portugal-vai-encerrar-programa-de-incentivos-fiscais-para-estrangeiros/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Exame |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |last=Running |first=Thomas K. |date=2023-10-04 |title=The End of Portugal's Non-Habitual Residence (NHR) Program Announced |url=https://nomadgate.com/portugal-nhr-cancellation/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Nomad Gate |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=The True Impact and Implications of Ending the NHR Regime |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2023-11-02/the-true-impact-and-implications-of-ending-the-nhr-regime/82889 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}
Regarding the Golden Visa program, initiated in 2012, was officially terminated in October 2023 due to the Mais Habitação program, and new applications are no longer being accepted. The decision to end the program, aimed at foreigners purchasing real estate, was influenced by the escalating housing prices. The new law doesn't impact renewals but marks the end of new permits for investment activities. The Mais Habitação program, which faced opposition but was approved in July, includes measures like rent caps and restrictions on property sales to non-residents, leading to public protests.{{Cite web |title=End of golden visas approved in Portugal |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2023-09-24/end-of-golden-visas-approved-in-portugal/81643 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}} There are still around 21,000 pending processes, of which around two thirds deal with family reunification.{{Cite web |last=Relvas |first=Luís Villalobos, Rafaela Burd |date=2023-07-11 |title=Há 7802 pedidos de "vistos gold" à espera de aprovação |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/07/11/economia/noticia/ha-7802-pedidos-vistos-gold-espera-aprovacao-2056310 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}File:TODOS 2011-2 (6373041679).jpg|left]]In 2023 it was also announced the end of the Law permitting people of Portuguese-Jewish descent to acquire Portuguese citizenship. Since 2013 around 262,000 people have requested to be naturalized as Portuguese citizens due to their Sephardi ancestry, with almost half being Israeli nationals. Of these, more than 75,000 have already acquired the Portuguese citizenship. Since the announcement of the end of the law in 2023, around 74,000 people have started their application process.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=Judeus sefarditas: regime que permite obter nacionalidade portuguesa deve acabar em 2024 |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2023-10-13-Judeus-sefarditas-regime-que-permite-obter-nacionalidade-portuguesa-deve-acabar-em-2024-f92992d6 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Gomes |first=João Francisco |title=Regime especial para judeus sefarditas alargado até dezembro de 2024. Deve ser criada comissão para certificar pedidos |url=https://observador.pt/2023/12/07/regime-especial-para-judeus-sefarditas-alargado-ate-dezembro-de-2024-deve-ser-criada-comissao-para-certificar-pedidos/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Lopes |first=Maria |date=2023-10-13 |title=Afinal, concessão de nacionalidade portuguesa a judeus sefarditas prolonga-se para 2024 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/10/13/politica/noticia/afinal-concessao-nacionalidade-portuguesa-judeus-sefarditas-prolongase-2024-2066576 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} Amongst those who have acquired Portuguese citizenship there are 12 Israeli national football players.{{Cite web |last=Correia |first=Gonçalo |title=Doze futebolistas que já jogaram pela Seleção de Israel têm nacionalidade portuguesa |url=https://observador.pt/2022/10/15/doze-futebolistas-que-ja-jogaram-pela-selecao-de-israel-tem-nacionalidade-portuguesa/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}
Despite the end of the abovementioned programs, the number of foreign nationals living in Portugal has witnessed a significant increase during 2023: by September there were 980,000 foreigners living in Portugal.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Quase um milhão de estrangeiros já vive em Portugal, 40% são brasileiros |url=https://www.contacto.lu/portugal/quase-um-milhao-de-estrangeiros-ja-vive-em-portugal-40-sao-brasileiros/3044626.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=contacto-online |language=pt}} By December, the number had increased to a further 1,045,000 people, a 40% increase since January of the same year with 329,000 new residence permits given during 2023.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_0yQCCx-fg |title=Portugal regista recorde de imigrantes a viver no país |date=2024-05-28 |last=Fala Portugal |access-date=2024-05-28 |via=YouTube}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=Número de imigrantes com autorização de residência ultrapassou um milhão |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/mais-de-um-milhao-com-autorizacao-de-residencia-17236389.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2024-05-27 |title=Número de imigrantes em Portugal disparou: eram mais de um milhão em 2023 |url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2024-05-27-video-numero-de-imigrantes-em-portugal-disparou-em-2023-mais-de-um-milhao-residiam-no-pais-93dabccf |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=SIC Notícias |language=pt}} Of the foreigners living in Portugal, 35% were Brazilians: taking into account also Luso-Brazilians nationals and Brazilians awaiting for regularization, there are 750,000 Brazilians estimated living in Portugal.{{Cite web |last=Correspondente |first=Vicente Nunes- |date=2023-11-27 |title=Bancos brasileiros veem portas fechadas em Portugal |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/economia/2023/11/6661240-bancos-brasileiros-veem-portas-fechadas-em-portugal.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Economia |language=pt-BR}} The sharp increase in the number of foreign nationals has created a widespread debate in Portugal, with some people calling for a tightening of immigration procedures{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=Milhares de pessoas protestam contra a "imigração descontrolada" em Portugal |url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/milhares-de-pessoas-protestam-contra-a-imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-descontrolada-em-portugal/7803851.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Voice of America |language=pt}} and others defending the importance of immigrants for the Portuguese economy.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Visão {{!}} Temos assim tantos estrangeiros em Portugal? Uma tabela para tirar todas as dúvidas |url=https://visao.pt/atualidade/sociedade/2025-01-11-temos-assim-tantos-estrangeiros-em-portugal-uma-tabela-para-tirar-todas-as-duvidas/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Portugal entre o dilema de fechar portas a imigrantes e da falta de quadros |url=https://www.sabado.pt/portugal/detalhe/portugal-entre-o-dilema-de-fechar-portas-a-imigrantes-e-da-falta-de-quadros |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.sabado.pt |language=pt-pt}}
File:Visita ao Bairro da Jamaica, Jan.2022 (51829953018).jpg
It is estimated that in the 2024/2025 school year, amongst 83,134 pupils entering Portuguese public schooling system, 10,297 will be foreign nationals, representing 12.4% of the total and an increase of 1,160 pupils from 2023/24.{{Cite web |title=Mais de um milhão de imigrantes em Portugal: 14% da população de Lisboa é estrangeira |url=https://tviplayer.iol.pt/programa/tvi-jornal/63ef5eb50cf2665294d5f87a/video/6654765f0cf2a41c2ed99c27 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=TVI Player |language=pt}} The increase in the number of foreigners was also recorded for the 2024/25 university applications received by Portuguese institutions by early 2024.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm2pJlBUPYs |title=Estrangeiros apostam em universidades portuguesas |date=2024-05-28 |last=Fala Portugal |access-date=2024-05-28 |via=YouTube}} In early 2025 it was announced that there were more than 140,000 foreign pupils enrolled in the Portuguese school system holding a foreign nationality.{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2025-01-31 |title=Número de alunos estrangeiros em Portugal já ultrapassa os 140 mil |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/numero-de-alunos-estrangeiros-em-portugal-ja-ultrapassa-os-140-mil_v1631228 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Número de alunos estrangeiros em Portugal já ultrapassa os 140 mil |language=pt}} In was also revealed that more than 6,000 foreign nurses and doctors work in Portugal as of 2024.{{Cite web |title=OM avança que mais de seis mil médicos e enfermeiros estrangeiros trabalham em Portugal - News Farma |url=https://www.newsfarma.pt/noticias/14687-om-avanca-que-mais-de-seis-mil-medicos-e-enfermeiros-estrangeiros-trabalham-em-portugal.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.newsfarma.pt |language=pt-pt}}
Following the 2024 Portuguese legislative elections a new right-wing government was formed and, in June 2024, it decided to abolish residence permits based on declarations of interest, a system that previously allowed migrants to regularise their status without a visa. The PSD-CDS government argues this policy was misguided, contradicting Portugal’s Schengen commitments and leading to an exponential rise in residency requests, often exploited by human trafficking and illegal migration networks.
File:Concentração pela paz na Ucrânia, contra a invasão russa, Lisboa, Fev.2022 (51908423674).jpg
Since 2017, migrants could secure legal status by proving employment, even without a valid visa. A 2019 amendment further enabled regularisation for those with 12 months of social security contributions. The decree states these measures created a strong pull factor, encouraging irregular migration with false promises of legalisation. The new law revokes this mechanism while safeguarding migrants who have already applied. It also addresses issues linked to the slow dismantling of the Immigration and Borders Service (SEF) and the misallocation of resources. President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa promptly ratified the decree, citing the urgent need to resolve thousands of pending residency applications.{{Cite web |title=Governo avança com medidas para garantir "imigração regulada, com fiscalização eficiente e que funcione" |url=https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc24/comunicacao/noticia?i=governo-avanca-com-medidas-para-garantir-imigracao-regulada-com-fiscalizacao-eficiente-e-que-funcione |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.portugal.gov.pt}}{{Cite web |title=O Fim das Manifestações de Interesse - Publicações - Publicações |url=https://www.enescabral.com/pt/publicacoes/o-fim-das-manifestacoes-de-interesse/134/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=A prática da advocacia de negócios exige uma assistência muito próxima e personalizada aos clientes |language=pt}}
The new government’s strategy, formally ends the exceptional regime that enabled uncontrolled entry. Prime Minister Luís Montenegro described declarations of interest as an open door to abuse, vowing to curb policies that overstretched Portugal’s capacity to host migrants. Measures include bolstering consular processing in priority countries, transforming the current CPLP mobility visa into a Schengen visa, and creating a Foreigners and Borders Unit within the PSP to monitor migration. The plan also introduces emergency response centres for immigration cases.{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2024-06-04 |title=Plano de Ação para Migrações. Novas regras de autorização de residência estão em vigor |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/plano-de-acao-para-migracoes-novas-regras-de-autorizacao-de-residencia-estao-em-vigor_n1576699 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Plano de Ação para Migrações. Novas regras de autorização de residência estão em vigor |language=pt}}
Number of foreign residents
File:Immigrants in Portugal 2023.svg in 2023]]
Brazilians are the most prevalent foreign nationality. The 368,449 resident Brazilians represent 35.3% of the total foreign population. In addition to that, Brazilians also represent 40% of Italian passport holders living in Portugal.{{cite web | last=Rattner | first=Jair | title="Brasileiros" entopem a fila e embaixada italiana não dá conta de fazer passaportes | website=PÚBLICO | date=2024-10-14 | url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/10/14/publico-brasil/noticia/brasileiros-entopem-fila-embaixada-italiana-nao-conta-passaportes-2107767 | language=pt | access-date=2024-10-29}} Other significant foreign communities (excluding naturalized citizens) are the ones from other countries of the Lusosphere. In 2023 there were 171,651 from the 6 PALOP countries (Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde), in addition to 1,199 people from Timor-Leste.
There is also a thriving community of people from the Indian subcontinent (chiefly Indians and Nepalis) adding up to 117,048 people.
A number of EU citizens have also chosen Portugal as a destination, with the majority being part of the Italian, French, Romanian, German or Spanish communities. These communities are mostly composed of persons looking for quality of life and include an increasing number of pensioners.
The listed figures only take in account foreign residents legally living in the country and exclude foreigners who have acquired Portuguese citizenship as well as double citizens.
For instance, while according to Portuguese authorities there were around 37,000 resident Cape Verdeans in the country, according to official Cape Verdean figures the number of Cape Verdeans in Portugal could be as high as 260,000.{{Cite web |title=Cabo Verde abre embaixada na Guiné-Bissau em janeiro – DW – 16/12/2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/cabo-verde-abre-primeira-embaixada-na-guin%C3%A9-bissau-em-janeiro/a-55960131 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=dw.com |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Portugal: Comunidade cabo-verdiana está muito bem integrada mas embaixador admite desafios |url=https://ilhas.li/aMZv |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Expresso das Ilhas |language=pt}} The discrepancy could be due to the fact that since 2008 around 55,000 Cape Verdeans have naturalised as Portuguese, that kids of foreign citizens legally living in Portugal acquire Portuguese citizenship at birth and lastly that the overwhelming majority of the community are by now second or third generation immigrants.{{Cite web |title=Como obter a nacionalidade portuguesa |url=https://justica.gov.pt/Como-obter-nacionalidade-portuguesa/Tem-menos-de-18-anos-e-e-filho-de-estrangeiros |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=justiça.gov.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Portal do INE |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008368&xlang=pt&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.ine.pt}}
File:Lagos (Portugal) - 15597425967.jpg in Lagos|left]]
File:Roteiro Justiça Climática, Odemira, Jul. 2022 (52240490306).jpg]]
File:Lisboa 2012 - People - XXVIII (7672041014).jpg
File:Santiago da beira Sado.jpg, home to a vibrant Romanian community, mainly working in agriculture{{Cite web |title=SEFSTAT – Portal de Estatística |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/forms/home.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/forms/Setubal.aspx |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=sefstat.sef.pt}}{{Cite web |date=2019-08-02 |title=Os novos trabalhadores rurais do Alentejo: entre a esperança e a discriminação |url=https://landportal.org/pt/blog-post/2021/02/os-novos-trabalhadores-rurais-do-alentejo-entre-esperan%C3%A7a-e-discrimina%C3%A7%C3%A3o |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=landportal.org |language=pt}}|left|220x220px]]
File:Antigo Cinema Império 7167.jpg church in Lisbon. Most protestants in Portugal hail from Brazil{{Cite web |last= |date= 7 April 2023|title=2022 bate recorde de novas igrejas, em especial evangélicas e graças aos cidadãos brasileiros |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/2022-bate-recorde-de-novas-igrejas-em-especial-evangelicas-e-gracas-aos-cidadaos-brasileiros-16140774.html |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}|220x220px]]
File:Amadora - comboio na linha de Sintra.jpg
File:TODOS 2011-15 (6373036087).jpg
| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" border="1" |
| class="static-row-header" style="vertical-align:bottom" |
| style="max-width:4em" | N°
! style="max-width:10em" | Country of citizenship ! style="max-width:10em" | Number of foreign citizens in 2023 |
|---|
| 1
| {{flagcountry|Brazil}} | style="text-align:right" | 368,449 |
| 2
| {{flagcountry|Angola}} | style="text-align:right" |55,589 |
| 3
| {{flagcountry|Cape Verde}} | style="text-align:right" | 48,885 |
| 4
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} (including BOTs) | style="text-align:right" | 47,492 |
| 5
| {{flagcountry|India}} | style="text-align:right" | 44,051 |
| 6
| {{flagcountry|Italy}} | style="text-align:right" | 36,227 |
| 7
| {{flagcountry|Guinea Bissau}} | style="text-align:right" | 32,535 |
| 8
| {{flagcountry|Nepal}} | style="text-align:right" | 29,972 |
| 9
| {{flagcountry|China}} (including SARs) | style="text-align:right" |28,127 |
| 10
| {{flagcountry|France}} | style="text-align:right" | 27,549 |
| 11
| {{flagcountry|São Tomé and Príncipe}} | style="text-align:right" | 26,460 |
| 12
| {{flagcountry|Bangladesh}} | style="text-align:right" | 25,666 |
| 13
| {{flagcountry|Ukraine}} | style="text-align:right" | 23,499 |
| 14
| {{flagcountry|Germany}} | style="text-align:right" | 22,858 |
| 15
| {{flagcountry|Romania}} | style="text-align:right" | 20,881 |
| 16
| {{flagcountry|Spain}} | style="text-align:right" | 20,573 |
| 17
| {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} | style="text-align:right" | 17,148 |
| 18
| {{flagcountry|USA}} | style="text-align:right" | 14,126 |
| 19
| {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} | style="text-align:right" | 13,593 |
| 20
| {{flagcountry|Russia}} | style="text-align:right" | 10,901 |
| 21
| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}} | style="text-align:right" | 9,300 |
| 22
| {{flagcountry|Mozambique}} | style="text-align:right" | 8,127 |
| 23
| {{flagcountry|Belgium}} | style="text-align:right" | 6,723 |
| 24
| {{flagcountry|Sweden}} | style="text-align:right" | 6,070 |
| 25
| {{flagcountry|Ireland}} | style="text-align:right" | 5,450 |
| 26
| {{flagcountry|Moldova}} | style="text-align:right" | 5,156 |
Evolution of the number of foreign residents
File:TODOS 2011-3 (6373038867).jpg in Mouraria]]
The following table shows the evolution of the number of foreigners whose residence is legally registered in Portugal from January 2008 to January 2016. The table considers the most frequent foreign nationalities found in the country and deals with foreigners only, thus excluding those who have acquired Portuguese citizenship, their descendants and people with migrant background.{{Cite web |title=Foreigners in Portugal-Eurostat |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/MIGR_POP1CTZ__custom_7072266/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ec.europa.eu}}
During the given timespan, the number of foreigners in Portugal fell from 446,333 to 388,731, recording a 12.89% loss in eight years. In fact, Portugal was particularly hit by the 2008 Global recession. It is indeed worth noting that between 2008 and 2013, Portugal experienced a notable uptick in its unemployment rate, escalating from 7.6% to 17.1%. The GDP in 2013 saw a marked 7.60% decline compared to its 2007 value. During this period, inflation reached 10.35%, substantially eroding the purchasing power of Portuguese households. Of those who were obliged to leave the country 5.47% or 22,547 people were foreign nationals and 65.3% of the foreigners doing so left the country permanently. Despite the crisis and the subsequent emigration, one of the main reasons for the reduction in the number of foreigners in Portugal is due to the high number of naturalisations: 179,458 foreigners became Portuguese from January 2008 to December 2015.{{Cite web |title=População estrangeira que adquiriu nacionalidade portuguesa (N.º) por Sexo, Grupo etário e Nacionalidade anterior; Anual |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008370&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2&xlang=pt |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.ine.pt}}
File:"fashion Girl" (484986119).jpg]]
File:Lisbon With Langon - 54 (3466320889).jpg]]
File:2015-07-13 - Lisboa - DSCF0119 (20961799200).jpg]]
File:Almoço no Vale da Amoreira, Setúbal, Fev.2024 VL2A1952 (53506184731).jpg]]
As for the main foreign communities, one can see that:
- Communities whose decline is mostly attributable to citizenship acquisition:
- Between 2008 and 2016, the Cape Verdean population in Portugal decreased by 25,993. Yet, during the same period, 31,970 Cape Verdeans gained Portuguese citizenship, resulting in a net gain of 5,977 of recent Cape Verdean migrant background;
- From 2009 to 2016, the number of Ukrainians in Portugal fell by 16,715. However, 18,206 Ukrainians became Portuguese citizens, resulting in a net increase of 1,491 people of recent Ukrainian migrant background;
- Between 2008 and 2016, the Angolan community in Portugal reduced by 14,572, but 14,945 Angolans acquired Portuguese citizenship, roughly maintaining the community of recent Angolan migrant background size (+373);
- From 2010 to 2016, the Guinean-Bissau community shrank by 7,948, yet 16,284 Guinean-Bissauans became Portuguese, resulting in a net growth of 8,336 of recent Guinean-Bissau migrant background;
- From 2009 to 2016 the São Tomé e Príncipe community declined by 2,171 people. Since during the same timespan 7,185 San Tomeans acquired Portuguese citizenship, the community of people of recent São Tomé e Príncipe migrant background in the country actually increased by 5,014 people;
- From 2009 to 2016 the Senegalese community declined by 558 people. Since during the same timespan 1,205 Senegalese acquired Portuguese citizenship, the community of people of recent Senegalese migrant background in the country actually increased by 647 people;
- From 2010 to 2016, the Georgian community decreased by 445. However, 644 Georgians gained Portuguese citizenship, resulting in a net growth of 199 people of recent Georgian migrant background;
- Between 2009 and 2016, the Belarusian community shrank by 384. Yet, 412 Belarusians became Portuguese citizens, maintaining community size;
- Between 2009 and 2016, the Guinean community in Portugal decreased by 325. Nevertheless, 2,201 Guineans became Portuguese citizens, leading to a net increase of 1,876 of recent Guinean migrant background;
- From 2009 to 2016, the Ecuadorian community fell by 211. Nevertheless, 289 Ecuadorians acquired Portuguese citizenship, keeping the community size stable.
- Communities whose decline is mostly attributable to other factors such as emigration and negative natural balance:
- Between January 2011 and January 2016, the number of Brazilians residing in Portugal decreased by 36,773. During the same period, 26,100 Brazilians acquired Portuguese nationality, indicating that, considering both natural changes (such as births and deaths) and the influx of migrants, Portugal saw a net loss of 10,673 people of recent Brazilian background;
- From 2009 to 2016 the Moldovan community in Portugal declined by 14,199 people: this is mostly attributable to the fact that 14,082 Moldovans became Portuguese during the given period, even though the migration deficit suggests a net decrease of 117 people of recent Moldovan background.
- Between 2008 and 2016 the number of English people fell by 6,341. Since only 127 Britons became Portuguese nationals during the same period, this means the British community fell by 6,214 people;
- Between 2008 and 2016 the number of Mozambicans fell by 3,145. Since 1,615 Mozambicans became Portuguese nationals during the same period, this means the Mozambican community fell by 1,530 people;
- Between 2008 and 2016 the number of French people fell by 2,099. Since only 178 French became Portuguese nationals during the same period, this means the French community fell by 1,921 people.
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!Country ! style="max-width:4em" |2008{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2007 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2007.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Product – Products Datasets – Eurostat |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/MIGR_POP1CTZ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ec.europa.eu}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2009{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2008 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2008.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2010{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2009 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2009.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2011{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2010 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2010.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2012{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2011 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2011.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2013{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2012 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa%202012.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2014{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2013 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2013.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2015{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2014 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2014.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2016{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2015 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2015.pdf}} |
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| style="text-align:right" |70,132 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 106,961 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 116,220 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 119,363 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}111,445 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}105,622 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}92,120 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}87,493 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}82,590 |
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right" |23,574 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15,372 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,374 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,202 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,681 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}16,655 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}16,474 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,562 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,233 |
| {{flag|Cape Verde}}
| style="text-align:right" |64,667 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}51,353 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}48,845 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}43,979 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}43,920 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}42,857 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}42,401 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}40,912 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}38,674 |
| {{flag|India}}
| style="text-align:right" |4,401 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,519 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,782 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,271 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,384 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,657 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,022 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,421 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,935 |
| {{flag|Angola}}
| style="text-align:right" |32,819 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}27,619 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}26,557 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}23,494 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}21,563 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20,366 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20,177 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}19,710 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}18,247 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,994 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3,915 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,500 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,067 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,338 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,222 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,121 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,328 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,130 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|France}}
| style="text-align:right" |10,540 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,576 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,883 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,111 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,201 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,268 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,542 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,441 |
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right" |39,606 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 52,494 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}52,293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}49,505 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}48,022 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}44,074 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}41,091 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}37,852 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}35,779 |
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| style="text-align:right" |314 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 560 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 685 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 797 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,145 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,702 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,588 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,544 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,798 |
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
| style="text-align:right" |25,039 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}24,390 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}22,945 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}19,817 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}18,487 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}17,759 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,846 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,981 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}17,091 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
| style="text-align:right" |19,280 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 27,769 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 32,457 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 36,830 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 39,312 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}35,216 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34,204 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}31,505 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30,523 |
| {{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right" |10,982 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 13,347 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 14,412 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 15,714 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,795 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,460 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,681 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 21,453 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}21,376 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right" |15,493 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8,187 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,614 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,967 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,054 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8,606 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}} 8,581 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,752 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,035 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Spain}}
| style="text-align:right" |18,031 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7,220 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,060 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,918 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,310 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,351 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,541 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,692 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,019 |
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,193 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,577 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,346 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,007 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,149 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,351 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,733 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,074 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,571 |
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| style="text-align:right" |11,015 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,726 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11,514 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10,516 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,518 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10,376 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10,304 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10,167 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}9,555 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Netherlands}}
| style="text-align:right" |6,598 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,360 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,577 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,725 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,862 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,848 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,991 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,262 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,855 |
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,383 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,736 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,698 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,604 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,474 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,425 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,628 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,785 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,042 |
| {{flag|United States}}
| style="text-align:right" |8,733 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,373 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,236 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,332 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,427 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,785 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,728 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,619 |
| {{flag|Venezuela}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,740 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,364 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,169 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,009 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,999 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,945 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,898 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,913 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,010 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Belgium}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,101 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,560 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,609 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,707 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,752 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,771 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,881 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,105 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,388 |
| {{flag|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,674 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,191 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,132 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,299 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,878 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,581 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,428 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,404 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,260 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Sweden}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,655 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}699 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 746 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 804 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 918 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 977 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,189 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,415 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,989 |
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| style="text-align:right" |14,813 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 21,147 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20,773 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15,641 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13,586 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11,503 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}9,971 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8,460 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,948 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,076 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,456 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,202 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,174 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,606 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7,439 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,553 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7,037 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,722 |
| {{flag|Mozambique}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,954 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3,372 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3,328 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3,122 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3,028 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,909 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,849 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,832 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2,809 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right" |913 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 925 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,042 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,195 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,280 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,222 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,238 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,307 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,382 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Ireland}}
| style="text-align:right" |887 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}616 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 707 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 813 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 862 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}838 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}805 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 823 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 892 |
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,842 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,011 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,003 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,036 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,030 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,025 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,055 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,104 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,263 |
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,928 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,870 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,933 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,779 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,796 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,756 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,808 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,681 |
| {{flag|South Africa}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,116 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}597 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}589 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}580 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 582 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}573 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}560 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 620 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 635 |
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| style="text-align:right" |675 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}591 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 592 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}586 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 759 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 855 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 866 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 869 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 907 |
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,966 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,073 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,778 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,677 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,626 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,631 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,670 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,629 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,515 |
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| style="text-align:right" |193 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}278 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}455 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}722 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}922 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,009 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,021 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,169 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,428 |
| {{flag|Iran}}
| style="text-align:right" |632 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}177 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}215 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}261 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}339 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}447 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}499 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}525 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}545 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Austria}}
| style="text-align:right" |827 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}422 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}445 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}494 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}522 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}510 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}537 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}561 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}607 |
| {{flag|Canada}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,992 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}785 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}701 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}721 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}723 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}746 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}732 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}741 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}738 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Denmark}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,075 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}432 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}468 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}464 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}487 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}500 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}515 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}525 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}575 |
| {{flag|Cuba}}
| style="text-align:right" |731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}802 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}850 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}816 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}795 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}803 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}841 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}917 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}901 |
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right" |310 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}286 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}322 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}404 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}440 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}537 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}431 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}650 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}596 |
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |604 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}851 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}951 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,075 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,104 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,119 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,081 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,024 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}992 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Hungary}}
| style="text-align:right" |386 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}333 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}352 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}428 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}435 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}414 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}424 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}482 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}480 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Finland}}
| style="text-align:right" |702 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}354 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}354 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}374 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}395 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}391 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}397 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}543 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}834 |
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| style="text-align:right" |496 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}475 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}491 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}540 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}586 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}623 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}638 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}668 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}756 |
| {{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right" |96 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}24 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}25 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}25 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}24 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}73 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}144 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}164 |
| {{flag|Guinea}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,847 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,851 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,848 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,409 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,549 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,603 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,621 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,600 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,526 |
| {{flag|Norway}}
| style="text-align:right" |834 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}375 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}379 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}428 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}432 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}436 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}455 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}490 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}515 |
| {{flag|Argentina}}
| style="text-align:right" |717 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}474 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}498 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}494 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}487 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}485 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}462 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}461 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}447 |
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |354 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}281 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}299 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}286 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}325 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}350 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}365 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}424 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}428 |
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |231 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}224 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}231 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}253 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}248 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}257 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}288 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}308 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}316 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Lithuania}}
| style="text-align:right" |430 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}505 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}558 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}614 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}546 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}542 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}532 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}532 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}535 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right" |252 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}139 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}157 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}163 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}178 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}161 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}170 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}191 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}248 |
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| style="text-align:right" |38 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}53 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}72 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}99 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}98 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}130 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}130 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}130 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}140 |
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| style="text-align:right" |363 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}245 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}281 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}310 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}311 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}326 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}385 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}413 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}433 |
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}31 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}41 |
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| style="text-align:right" |598 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}740 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}748 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}740 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}704 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}666 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}623 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}582 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}537 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Latvia}}
| style="text-align:right" |193 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}240 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}311 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}383 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}370 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}361 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}335 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}313 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}333 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| style="text-align:right" |313 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}202 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}223 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}231 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}210 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}231 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}264 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}274 |
| {{flag|Belarus}}
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| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Croatia}}
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| {{flag|Gambia}}
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| {{flag|Timor Leste}}
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| {{flag|Jordan}}
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| {{flag|Serbia}}
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| {{flag|Cameroon}}
| style="text-align:right" |79 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}72 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}84 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}76 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}72 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}95 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}108 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}132 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}127 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Slovenia}}
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| {{flag|DRC}}
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| {{flag|South Korea}}
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| {{flag|Ghana}}
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| {{flag|Ivory Coast}}
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| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
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| {{flag|Eritrea}}
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| {{flag|Sudan}}
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| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Cyprus}}
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| {{flag|Paraguay}}
| style="text-align:right" |47 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}47 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}71 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}88 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}83 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}89 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}99 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}97 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}92 |
| {{flag|Iceland}}
| style="text-align:right" |68 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}31 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}42 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}47 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}53 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}51 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}59 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}62 |
| {{flag|Bolivia}}
| style="text-align:right" |99 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}107 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}118 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}117 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}128 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}120 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}116 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}116 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}109 |
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}}
| style="text-align:right" |115 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}54 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}59 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}55 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}47 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}48 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}55 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}52 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}63 |
| {{flag|New Zealand}}
| style="text-align:right" |79 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}35 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}35 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}42 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}39 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Malta}}
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| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}18 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}18 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}38 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}47 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}54 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}60 |
| {{flag|Libya}}
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| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| style="text-align:right" |59 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}38 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}37 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}50 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}59 |
| {{flag|Kenya}}
| style="text-align:right" |311 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}60 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}50 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}41 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}40 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}45 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}58 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}54 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}64 |
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| style="text-align:right" |46 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}21 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28 |
| {{flag|Costa Rica}}
| style="text-align:right" |22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}56 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}54 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}52 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}53 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}59 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}53 |
| {{flag|Albania}}
| style="text-align:right" |60 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}53 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}42 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}37 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}36 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}36 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}42 |
| {{flag|Armenia}}
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| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| style="text-align:right" |35 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}25 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}31 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}36 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}39 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}45 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}45 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}49 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}51 |
| {{flag|Panama}}
| style="text-align:right" |38 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}31 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}39 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}39 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}27 |
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}}
| style="text-align:right" |92 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}39 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}37 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}26 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}25 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}38 |
| {{flag|Congo}}
| style="text-align:right" |134 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}131 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}120 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}91 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}93 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}91 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}83 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}78 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}64 |
| {{flag|Mali}}
| style="text-align:right" |115 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}108 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}95 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}79 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}66 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}62 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}57 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}58 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}45 |
| {{flag|El Salvador}}
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| {{flag|South Sudan}}
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| {{flag|Somalia}}
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| {{flag|Kuwait}}
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| {{flag|Mongolia}}
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| Unknown
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| {{flag|Montenegro}}
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| Stateless
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| {{flag|Malawi}}
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| {{flag|Andorra}}
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| {{flag|Botswana}}
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| {{flag|Jamaica}}
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| {{flag|Eswatini}}
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| {{flag|Bahrain}}
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| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
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| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
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| {{flag|Central African Republic
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| style="text-align:right" |2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6 |
| {{flag|Seychelles}}
| style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 |
| {{flag|Grenada}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 |
| {{flag|Suriname}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}0 |
| Other countries {{small|(below 5)}}
| style="text-align:right" |57 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}45 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}35 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}43 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}40 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}44 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}21 |
| Total foreigners
| style="text-align:right"|446,333 | style="text-align:right"|{{Decrease}}440,277 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}454,191 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}445,262 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}436,822 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}417,042 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}401,320 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}395,195 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}388,731 |
| Share of the population{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age and sex |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_PJAN/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ec.europa.eu}}
| style="text-align:right" |4.23% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4.17% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4.30% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4.21% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4.14% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3.98% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3.85% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3.81% | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3.76% |
The following table shows the evolution of the number of foreign residents from January 2016 to January 2024. The table considers the most frequent foreign nationalities found in the country and deals with foreigners only, thus excluding those who have acquired Portuguese citizenship, their descendants and people with migrant background.
During the given timespan, the number of foreigners in Portugal rose from 388,731 to 1,044,606, recording a 168.72% growth in eight years. Not only the level of foreigners in Portugal recovered the pre-crisis figure but, since 2019, it has even surpassed it. In fact in 2019 there were almost half a million foreign people living in Portugal, an historical record.{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=PÚBLICO |date=2019-06-28 |title=Nunca houve tantos estrangeiros a viver em Portugal: são mais de 480 mil |url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/06/28/sociedade/noticia/ha-480-mil-imigrantes-viver-portugal-maior-numero-ha-registo-1878007 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} Between 2013 and 2023, Portugal's unemployment rate declined from 17.1% to 6.1%,{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal - Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0010704&selTab=tab0 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.ine.pt}} and the 2022 GDP increased by 18.45% compared to the 2013 GDP, despite the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic and subsequent crisis due to lockdown. It is noteworthy that the 2022 GDP was 9.5% higher than the 2007 figure, marking Portugal's official recovery from the financial crisis and troika austerity measures in 2017. Additionally, from 2014 to 2019, there was modest price growth, with a 3.54% inflation rate. This led to a notable improvement in the purchasing power of Portuguese families.
The surge in the number of foreigners is explainable by the recovery of the Portuguese economy, special programs aimed at attracting foreigners such as Golden Visa program and the stagnation of the Brazilian economy, with Brazilians being the largest immigrant group in the European country.
File:"Attention les particules mystiques nous envahissent" Porto 2019 (33289462448).jpg graffiti in Portugal]]
File:Porto @ -Porto (24560872820).jpg sign in Porto]]
File:Lisboa 20130503 - 11 (8918123474).jpg graffiti in Lisbon]]
As for the main foreign communities, one can see that:
- The overwhelming majority of the communities experienced a significant increase since 2016; this is the case for instance, for the following countries:
- Brazil: Brazilians grew by 285,859 people or +204.6% since 2016. In addition 57,006 Brazilians became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Angola: Angolans grew by 37,342 or +535.2% since 2016. In addition 12,147 Angolans became Portuguese since January 2016;
- India: Indians grew by 37,116 or +535.2% since 2016. In addition 7,555 Indians became Portuguese since January 2016;
- United Kingdom: Britons grew by 30,259 or +175.6% since 2016. In addition 1,041 Britons became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Italy: Italians grew by 30,097 or +491.0% since 2016. In addition 306 Italians became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Nepal: Nepalis grew by 25,174 or +524.7% since 2016. In addition 7,160 Nepalis became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Bangladesh: Bangladeshis grew by 23,095 or +898.3% since 2016. In addition 3,836 Bangladeshis became Portuguese since January 2016;
- France: French grew by 19,108 or +226.4% since 2016. In addition 309 French became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Bissau-Guineans: Bissau-Guineans grew by 18,444 or +107.9% since 2016. In addition 11,618 Bissau-Guineans became Portuguese since January 2016;
- São Tomé and Príncipe: San Tomeans grew by 16,933 or +177.2% since 2016. In addition 6,945 San Tomeans became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Germany: Germans grew by 13,823 or +153.0% since 2016. In addition 236 Germans became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Cape Verdeans: Cape Verdeans grew by 10,211 or +26.4% since 2016. In addition 24,678 Cape Verdeans became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Pakistan: Pakistanis grew by 14,106 or +463.7% since 2016. In addition 3,178 Pakistanis became Portuguese since January 2016;
- US: US citizens grew by 11,107 or +439.4% since 2016. In addition 419 US citizens became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Spain: Spaniards grew by 10,554 or +105.3% since 2016. In addition 375 Spaniards became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Netherlands: Dutch people grew by 7,737 or +132.1% since 2016. In addition 74 Dutch became Portuguese since January 2016;
- China: Chinese grew by 6,751 or +155.9% since 2016. In addition 1,001 Chinese became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Russia: Russians grew by 6,641 or +155.9% since 2016. In addition 1,945 Russians became Portuguese since January 2016;
- Of the foreign communities experiencing a population decline, this is mostly attributable to citizenship acquisition as in the case of:
- Ukrainians: their number fell by 12,280 since 2016, but is worth noting that 15,473 Ukrainians became Portuguese in the same timespan;
- Moldovans: their number fell by 1,792 since 2016, but is worth noting that 3,034 Moldovans naturalised as Portuguese since 2016;
- Guineans: their number fell by 201 since 2016, but is worth noting that 1,100 Guineans received Portuguese IDs since 2016;
- A minor part of the foreign communities also experienced decline, which is not exclusively attributable to citizenship acquisition but to a combination of declining birth rate and higher emigration than immigration. This is, for instance, the case of:
- Romania: Since 2020 the number of Romanians in Portugal decreased by 10,183 but the number of Romanians acquiring Portuguese citizenship stood at 1,484;
- Bulgaria: Since 2018 the number of Bulgarians fell by 2,468 but the number of Bulgarians becoming Portuguese stood at 332;
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!Country ! style="max-width:4em" | 2017{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2016 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2016.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2018{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2017 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2017.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2019{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2018 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2018.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2020{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2019 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2019.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2021{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2020 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2020.pdf}} ! style="max-width:4em" | 2022{{Cite web |title=Sefstat 31 Dezembro 2021 |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2021.pdf}} |
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| style="text-align:right" |82,590 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}81,251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 85,425 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 105,423 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 151,312 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 183,993 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 204,694 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 239,744 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}368,449 |
| {{flag|Angola}}
| style="text-align:right" |18,247 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}16,994 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}16,854 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,382 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 22,691 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 24,449 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 25,802 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}31,761 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}55,589 |
| {{flag|Cape Verde}}
| style="text-align:right" |38,674 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}36,578 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34,986 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34,663 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 37,435 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}36,609 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34,093 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}36,748 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}48,885 |
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right" |17,233 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 19,387 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 22,432 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 26,445 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 34,357 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 46,239 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}41,934 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}45,265 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}47,492 |
| {{flag|India}}
| style="text-align:right" |6,935 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,244 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,990 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,393 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 17,619 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 24,550 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 30,251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}35,416 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}44,051 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
| style="text-align:right" |6,130 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,523 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 12,925 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,862 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 25,408 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 28,159 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 30,819 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34,039 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}36,227 |
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
| style="text-align:right" |17,091 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15,653 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15,198 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,186 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,886 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 19,680 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 20,357 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23,737 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32,535 |
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| style="text-align:right" |4,798 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,835 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,437 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,489 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,849 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 21,015 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 21,545 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23,839 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29,972 |
| {{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right" |21,376 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 22,555 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 23,245 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 25,420 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 27,905 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}26,182 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}23,025 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}22,230 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 28,127 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|France}}
| style="text-align:right" |8,441 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 15,319 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 19,771 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 23,126 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 24,935 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 26,719 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27,512 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27,549 |
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| style="text-align:right" |9,555 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8,980 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8,605 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,153 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,240 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,706 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,234 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13,077 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}26,488 |
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,571 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,799 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,450 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,325 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,964 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 9,916 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,936 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16,468 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}25,666 |
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right" |35,779 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}34,490 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}32,453 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}29,218 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 29,718 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28,629 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}27,195 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}25,445 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}23,499 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right" |9,035 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,030 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,160 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 12,817 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 14,669 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,041 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,340 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}20,500 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}22,858 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
| style="text-align:right" |30,523 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30,429 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 30,750 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 30,908 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 31,064 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30,052 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28,911 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}23,393 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20,881 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Spain}}
| style="text-align:right" |10,019 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,133 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 12,526 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 14,066 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 15,844 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 16,981 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 18,546 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19,508 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}20,573 |
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,042 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,175 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,380 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,373 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,310 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,381 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,499 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10,828 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}17,148 |
| {{flag|United States}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,619 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,704 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,888 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,254 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,134 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,768 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,885 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9,794 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14,126 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Netherlands}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,855 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,838 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,837 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,984 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,038 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 10,392 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 11,013 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12,066 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13,592 |
| {{flag|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right" |4,260 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,280 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,264 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,365 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,885 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,103 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,156 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6,075 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10,901 |
| {{flag|Venezuela}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,010 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,356 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,104 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,740 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 6,551 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,741 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 8,296 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8,936 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9,300 |
| {{flag|Mozambique}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,809 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,848 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,854 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,005 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,501 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,678 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,803 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4,785 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8,127 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Belgium}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,388 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,853 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,508 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,147 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,781 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,183 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,657 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6,088 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6,723 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Sweden}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,989 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,633 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,564 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,274 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 4,912 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,181 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,486 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5,653 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6,070 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Ireland}}
| style="text-align:right" |892 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,031 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,337 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,752 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,249 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,630 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,327 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4,159 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5,450 |
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| style="text-align:right" |6,948 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,125 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,210 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,834 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,098 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 5,183 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,177 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5,243 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,156 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,382 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,576 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,898 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,320 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,759 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,061 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,651 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4,326 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4,931 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| style="text-align:right" |6,722 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,019 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 7,033 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,931 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,839 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,745 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}6,491 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5,139 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4,565 |
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,263 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,557 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,841 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,190 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,582 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,877 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 3,179 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3,501 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3,836 |
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,681 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,576 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,511 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,539 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,684 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,936 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 2,136 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,575 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3,739 |
| {{flag|South Africa}}
| style="text-align:right" |635 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 839 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,020 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,379 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,605 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,640 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,748 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,162 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3,325 |
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| style="text-align:right" |907 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}886 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 922 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 973 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,264 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,466 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,690 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,135 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3,092 |
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,515 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,356 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,241 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,248 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,446 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,537 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}} 1,673 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,014 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,571 |
| {{flag|Iran}}
| style="text-align:right" |545 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}652 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}699 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}838 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,099 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,281 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,431 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,797 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,456 |
| {{flag|Canada}}
| style="text-align:right" |738 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}738 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}830 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}882 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,012 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,098 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,271 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,624 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,200 |
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right" |596 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}696 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}743 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,090 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,518 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,363 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,367 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,555 |
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,428 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,475 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,691 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,593 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,726 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,723 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,795 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,977 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,144 |
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |316 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}315 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}326 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}339 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}517 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}633 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}750 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,015 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2,023 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Austria}}
| style="text-align:right" |607 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}757 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}955 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,119 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,317 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,372 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,467 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,643 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,810 |
| {{flag|Cuba}}
| style="text-align:right" |901 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}965 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}929 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}975 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,116 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,199 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,264 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,483 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,807 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Denmark}}
| style="text-align:right" |575 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}658 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}879 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}979 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,165 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,333 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,528 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,583 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,800 |
| {{flag|Argentina}}
| style="text-align:right" |447 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}438 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}424 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}486 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}560 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}677 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}813 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,079 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,633 |
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| style="text-align:right" |756 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}750 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}763 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}852 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}997 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,072 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,107 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,208 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,535 |
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |428 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}478 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}508 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}543 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}668 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}758 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}866 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,050 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,478 |
| {{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right" |164 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}470 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}716 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}848 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,105 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,108 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,191 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,193 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,434 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Hungary}}
| style="text-align:right" |480 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}520 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}597 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}748 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}881 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}941 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,059 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,230 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,456 |
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |992 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}968 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,017 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}986 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,109 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,137 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,201 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,297 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,333 |
| {{flag|Guinea}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,526 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,363 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,275 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,345 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,415 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,402 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,204 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,182 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,325 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Finland}}
| style="text-align:right" |834 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}998 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,163 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,263 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,271 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1,152 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,157 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,210 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,300 |
| {{flag|Timor Leste}}
| style="text-align:right" |169 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}188 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}207 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}263 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}344 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}291 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}234 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}361 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,199 |
| {{flag|Norway}}
| style="text-align:right" |515 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}573 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}680 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}784 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}874 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}965 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,052 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,086 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,196 |
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
| style="text-align:right" |176 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}203 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}232 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}286 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}358 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}461 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}550 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,172 |
| {{flag|Equador}}
| style="text-align:right" |292 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}342 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}371 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}330 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}495 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}414 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}469 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}615 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,146 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Lithuania}}
| style="text-align:right" |535 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}585 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}649 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}748 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}833 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}891 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}896 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,006 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,134 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right" |248 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}327 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}425 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}516 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}633 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}679 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}794 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}979 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,134 |
| {{flag|Lebanon}}
| style="text-align:right" |162 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}218 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}325 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}440 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}565 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}607 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}567 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}604 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,116 |
| {{flag|Belarus}}
| style="text-align:right" |632 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}626 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}565 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}557 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}564 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}564 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}594 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,077 |
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
| style="text-align:right" |77 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}124 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}194 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}324 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}515 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}686 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}640 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}473 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,052 |
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| style="text-align:right" |140 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}157 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}182 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}280 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}425 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}509 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}717 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}892 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,031 |
| {{flag|Egypt}}
| style="text-align:right" |298 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}279 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}315 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}355 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}475 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}549 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}573 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}636 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,007 |
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| style="text-align:right" |433 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}474 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}516 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}520 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}595 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}640 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}699 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}826 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}995 |
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |41 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}38 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}50 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}60 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}62 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}73 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}598 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}775 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}970 |
| {{flag|Peru}}
| style="text-align:right" |256 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}284 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}285 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}325 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}375 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}466 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}617 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}923 |
| {{flag|Israel}}
| style="text-align:right" |108 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}135 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}178 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}198 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}268 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}337 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}401 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}569 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}922 |
| {{flag|Australia}}
| style="text-align:right" |269 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}298 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}332 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}372 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}459 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}520 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}548 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}673 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}904 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Latvia}}
| style="text-align:right" |333 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}349 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}391 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}443 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}493 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}518 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}592 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}749 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}896 |
| {{flag|Chile}}
| style="text-align:right" |183 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}216 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}214 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}236 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}306 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}339 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}409 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}586 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}895 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| style="text-align:right" |274 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}308 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}385 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}463 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}509 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}541 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}620 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}736 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}838 |
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| style="text-align:right" |537 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}528 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}516 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}495 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}581 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}633 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}709 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}760 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}815 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| style="text-align:right" |144 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}166 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}193 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}237 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}295 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}387 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}472 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}605 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}726 |
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| style="text-align:right" |126 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}228 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}285 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}352 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}404 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}486 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}578 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}555 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}717 |
| {{flag|Gambia}}
| style="text-align:right" |152 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}151 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}149 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}156 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}186 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}239 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}274 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}464 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}716 |
| {{flag|Japan}}
| style="text-align:right" |397 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}440 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}450 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}460 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}455 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}441 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}483 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}568 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}649 |
| {{flag|Jordan}}
| style="text-align:right" |138 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}189 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}293 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}321 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}456 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}459 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}385 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}313 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}581 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Slovakia}}
| style="text-align:right" |164 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}207 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}248 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}287 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}322 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}324 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}393 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}491 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}579 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Croatia}}
| style="text-align:right" |174 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}222 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}300 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}350 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}375 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}399 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}429 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}464 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}516 |
| {{flag|Georgia}}
| style="text-align:right" |727 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}617 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}531 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}453 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}450 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}447 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}467 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}490 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}507 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Estonia}}
| style="text-align:right" |121 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}157 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}192 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}228 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}259 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}290 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}316 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}373 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}439 |
| {{flag|South Korea}}
| style="text-align:right" |182 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}215 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}206 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}172 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}200 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}228 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}226 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}271 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}365 |
| {{flag|Cameroon}}
| style="text-align:right" |127 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}169 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}148 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}172 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}183 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}221 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}249 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}306 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}356 |
| {{flag|Ghana}}
| style="text-align:right" |137 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}141 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}146 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}142 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}173 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}185 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}212 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}349 |
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| style="text-align:right" |192 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}188 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}205 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}201 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}219 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}234 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}274 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}311 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}339 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Slovenia}}
| style="text-align:right" |96 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}117 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}136 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}151 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}173 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}209 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}251 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}290 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}327 |
| {{flag|DRC}}
| style="text-align:right" |235 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}225 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}234 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}240 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}243 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}253 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}247 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}279 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}317 |
| {{flag|Uruguay}}
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| {{flag|South Sudan}}
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| {{flag|Togo}}
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| {{flag|Uganda}}
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| {{flag|Yemen}}
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| {{flag|Namibia}}
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| {{flag|Tajikistan}}
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| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
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| {{flag|Rwanda}}
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| {{flag|Kosovo}}
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| {{flag|Mauritania}}
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| {{flag|Mongolia}}
| style="text-align:right" |32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}27 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}27 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}23 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}24 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}25 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 |
| {{flag|Benin}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 |
| {{flag|Gabon}}
| style="text-align:right" |17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}21 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}24 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}28 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}30 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}27 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28 |
| {{flag|Zambia}}
| style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}21 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}28 |
| {{flag|Madagascar}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27 |
| {{flag|Dominica}}
| style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}20 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27 |
| {{flag|Liberia}}
| style="text-align:right" |16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}27 |
| {{flag|Malawi}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}18 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}20 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}26 |
| {{flag|Montenegro}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}21 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23 |
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23 |
| {{flag|Bahrain}}
| style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23 |
| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
| style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}20 |
| Unknown
| style="text-align:right" |14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}29 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}23 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20 |
| {{flag|Haiti}}
| style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}22 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20 |
| {{flag|Jamaica}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}14 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}17 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 |
| {{flag|Eswatini}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}18 |
| {{flag|Andorra}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}16 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}19 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}17 |
| {{flag|Myanmar}}
| style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}17 |
| {{flag|Botswana}}
| style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}18 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}16 |
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}13 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}14 |
| {{flag|Bhutan}}
| style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 |
| {{flag|Qatar}}
| style="text-align:right" |0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}13 |
| Stateless
| style="text-align:right" |0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}31 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}33 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}30 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}24 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}20 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}12 |
| {{flag|Burundi}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 |
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}12 |
| {{flag|Niger}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 |
| {{flag|Guyana}}
| style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 |
| {{flag|Grenada}}
| style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" | {{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}2 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 |
| {{flag|Vanuatu}}
| style="text-align:right" |0 | style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |2 | style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 |
| {{flag|Seychelles}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}10 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}11 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 |
| {{flag|Oman}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |2 | style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |9 | style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 |
| {{flag|Suriname}}
| style="text-align:right" |0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}0 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 |
| {{flag|Maldives}}
| style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}3 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 |
| {{flag|Belize}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 |
| {{flag|Djibouti}}
| style="text-align:right" |0 | style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7 |
| {{flag|Central African Republic
}} | style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}9 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Same}}8 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 |
| Other countries {{small|(below 5)}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}5 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}15 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}9** | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6 | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}22** | style="text-align:right" |{{Decrease}}14** | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}32 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}34 |
| Total foreigners
| style="text-align:right" |388,731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}397,731 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}421,711 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}480,300 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}590,348 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}662,095 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}698,887 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}781,915 | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}1,044,606 |
| Share of the population
| style="text-align:right" |3.76% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}3.85% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4.08% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}4.63% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}5.68% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6.37% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}6.70% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}7.44% | style="text-align:right" |{{Increase}}''9.82%' |
The following table deals with the number of foreigners from selected communities in selected years, as well as their relative growth during specific timespans.
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" align="center" |
| colspan="11" |The 20 largest legal immigrant communities in 2007 compared with their numbers in 1999 *: European Union citizenship P: Portuguese speaking |
|---|
| Legal foreign residents
!Number in 1999 !2001 census {{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=150133806&att_display=n&att_download=y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101349/https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=150133806&att_display=n&att_download=y |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2015-12-03}}{{cite web |title=SEFSTAT |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2001.pdf}} !2002{{Citation |title=Estatísticas da Imigração |url=http://www.oi.acime.gov.pt/docs/rm/estatisticas%20imigracao%20portugal.pdf |year=2003 |access-date=2007-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314200524/http://www.oi.acime.gov.pt/docs/rm/estatisticas%20imigracao%20portugal.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e Minorias Étnicas |language=pt |archive-date=2008-03-14}}{{cite web |title=SEFSTAT |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2002.pdf}} !2004{{Citation |title=Estatísticas da Imigração |url=http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/GEE/Estatisticas_GEE_2005.pdf |year=2005 |access-date=2007-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151310/http://www.acime.gov.pt/docs/GEE/Estatisticas_GEE_2005.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e Minorias Étnicas |language=pt |archive-date=2007-09-28}}{{cite web |title=SEFSTAT |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa_2004.pdf}} !2007 !Growth in percentage(1999–2007) !change |
| BraziliansP
| align="right" |20,851 |31,869 |58,370 |66,907 |73,384 | align="right" |66,354 | align="right" | + 218% | align="right" |109,787 |27.8% | +244.5% |
| CapeverdeansP
| align="right" |43,951 |33,145 |59,678 |64,164 |68,145 | align="right" |63,925 | align="right" | + 45% | align="right" | 38,895 |9.9% | +17.3% |
| AngolansP
| align="right" |17,721 |37,014 |31,332 |35,264 |33,215 | align="right" |32,728 | align="right" | + 85% | align="right" | 26,954 |6.8% | −27.2% |
| Guineans-BissauP
| align="right" |14,217 |15,824 |22,855 |25,148 |24,513 | align="right" |23,733 | align="right" | + 67% | align="right" |16,360 |4.1% | +3.4% |
| SantomeansP
| align="right" |4,809 |8,517 |8,951 |10,483 |10,761 | align="right" |10,627 | align="right" | + 121% | align="right" |10,408 |2.6% | +22.2% |
| MozambicansP
| align="right" |4,502 |4,749 |5,312 |5,471 |5,854 | align="right" |5,681 | align="right" | + 26% | align="right" |3,028 | | |
| Ukrainians
| align="right" |123 |10,793 |60,571 |66,227 |41,870 | align="right" |39,480 | align="right" | + 31998% | align="right" |33,790 |8.6% | +213.1% |
| Romanians*
| align="right" |224 |2,661 |10,673 |12,155 |10,299 | align="right" |19,155 | align="right" | + 8451% | align="right" |24,356 |6.2% | +815.3% |
| Spanish*
| align="right" |11,122 |9,047 |14,587 |15,916 |16,597 | align="right" |18,030 | align="right" | + 62% | align="right" | 10,486 |2.7% | +15.9% |
| British*
| align="right" |13,335 |8,227 |15,899 |18,005 |19,592 | align="right" |23,608 | align="right" | + 77% | align="right" |15,774 |4.0% | +91.7% |
| Moldovans
| align="right" |3 |2,984 |11,817 |13,689 |12,673 | align="right" |14,053 | align="right" | + 468333% | align="right" |10,475 |2.7% | +251.0% |
| Russians
| align="right" |448 |597 |8,211 |1,158 |4,945 | align="right" |5,114 | align="right" | + 1042% | align="right" |4,878 | | |
| French*
| align="right" |6,499 |15,359 |8,364 |9,312 |9,733 | align="right" |10,556 | align="right" | + 62% | align="right" |14,360 |3.6% | −6.5% |
| MacaneseP
| align="right" |2,762 |2,176 |4,468 |9,518 |9,695 | align="right" |10,448 | align="right" | + 278% | align="right" |11,458 |2.9% | +426.6% |
| Indians
| align="right" |1,211 |1,361 |1,503 |5,088 |3,614 | align="right" |4,104 | align="right" | + 239% | align="right" |5,384 | | |
| Pakistanis
| |1,031 |1,180 |4,212 |2,125 | | |2,474 | | |
| Germans*
| align="right" |9,605 | | | | | align="right" |15,498 | align="right" | + 61% | align="right" |9,054 | | |
| US-Americans
| align="right" |7,975 | | | | | align="right" |8,264 | align="right" | + 4% | align="right" |2,331 | | |
| Dutch*
| align="right" |3,675 | | | | | align="right" |6,589 | align="right" | + 79% | align="right" |4,862 | | |
| Italians*
| align="right" |2,700 | | | | | align="right" |5,985 | align="right" | + 122% | align="right" |5,338 | | |
| Bulgarians*
| align="right" |347 | | | | | align="right" |5,028 | align="right" | + 1349% | align="right" |8,606 | | |
| Total non-EU
| | |340,187 |374,652 |355,113 | | | | | |
| European Union
| | |65,393 |74,542 |79,774 | | | | | |
| Total
| | |405,580 |449,194 |434,887 | | | | | |
Acquisitions of citizenship
File:Lisbon Mosque.jpg]]Many earlier immigrants have now become naturalized citizens: 359,506 people holding foreign nationality and residing in Portugal have become Portuguese nationals from 2008 to 2023,{{cite web|title=Eurostat: Acquisition of citizenship in the EU|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do}} corresponding roughly to 3.38% of total population. However, there are still 1,044,606 foreign citizens resident in Portugal as of January 2024, accounting for 9.82% of Portugal population.
The number of foreigners from Ukraine (23,499), Romania (20,881), Moldova (5,156) and Bulgaria (4,565) has been dropping steadily since 2011; there have been many naturalized Portuguese citizens with these backgrounds; respectively: 34,163 Ukrainians, 7,164 Romanians, 19,346 Moldovans and 1,157 Bulgarians have become Portuguese citizens from 2008 to 2022.
Below is a summary table of Portuguese citizenship acquisitions recorded between 2008 and 2023 for countries having recorded at least 5 naturalisations during the given timespan. During this period, 359,506 people (3.38% of the current Portuguese population) obtained Portuguese citizenship according to the latest INE data. These people are not counted among foreigners (see above table) as they are Portuguese citizens in all respects.{{cite web |title=Eurostat |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/MIGR_ACQ__custom_6165248/default/table?lang=en}}
Interestingly, the first 30 countries for number of naturalised Portuguese citizens account for 96.78% of all naturalisations of foreign residents that occurred in Portugal from 2008 to 2023.
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" align="center"
!Nationality !Acquisitions of Citizenship |
| {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| style="text-align:right" |95,186 |
| {{flagcountry|Cape Verde}}
| style="text-align:right" |56,648 |
| {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right" |34,163 |
| {{flagcountry|Guinea-Bissau}}
| style="text-align:right" |27,902 |
| {{flagcountry|Angola}}
| style="text-align:right" |27,092 |
| {{flagcountry|Moldova}}
| style="text-align:right" |19,346 |
| {{flagcountry|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| style="text-align:right" |15,521 |
| {{flagcountry|India}}
| style="text-align:right" |12,917 |
| {{flagcountry|Nepal}}
| style="text-align:right" |7,622 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Romania}}
| style="text-align:right" |7,164 |
| {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,652 |
| {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,627 |
| {{flagcountry|Bangladesh}}
| style="text-align:right" |5,461 |
| {{flagcountry|Guinea}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,751 |
| {{flagcountry|Mozambique}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,103 |
| {{flagcountry|Israel}}
| style="text-align:right" |3,015 |
| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,863 |
| {{flagcountry|Morocco}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,395 |
| {{flagcountry|Senegal}}
| style="text-align:right" |2,329 |
| {{flagcountry|China}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,974 |
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,168 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,157 |
| {{flagcountry|Georgia}}
| style="text-align:right" |1,078 |
| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| style="text-align:right" |970 |
| {{flagcountry|Colombia}}
| style="text-align:right" |795 |
| {{flagcountry|Belarus}}
| style="text-align:right" |689 |
| {{flagcountry|United States of America}}
| style="text-align:right" |678 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Spain}}
| style="text-align:right" |639 |
| {{flagcountry|Nigeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |530 |
| {{flagcountry|Iran}}
| style="text-align:right" |495 |
| {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
| style="text-align:right" |494 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|France}}
| style="text-align:right" |487 |
| {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
| style="text-align:right" |486 |
| {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
| style="text-align:right" |464 |
| {{flagcountry|Philippines}}
| style="text-align:right" |457 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Italy}}
| style="text-align:right" |440 |
| {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right" |404 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right" |394 |
| {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
| style="text-align:right" |356 |
| {{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |347 |
| {{flagcountry|Algeria}}
| style="text-align:right" |332 |
| {{flagcountry|Egypt}}
| style="text-align:right" |326 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right" |311 |
| {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
| style="text-align:right" |300 |
| {{flagcountry|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right" |274 |
| {{flagcountry|Peru}}
| style="text-align:right" |273 |
| {{flagcountry|Serbia}}
| style="text-align:right" |251 |
| {{flagcountry|Ghana}}
| style="text-align:right" |237 |
| {{flagcountry|Gambia}}
| style="text-align:right" |216 |
| {{flagcountry|DRC}}
| style="text-align:right" |201 |
| {{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
| style="text-align:right" |200 |
| {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| style="text-align:right" |179 |
| {{flagcountry|Ivory Coast}}
| style="text-align:right" |164 |
| {{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
| style="text-align:right" |151 |
| {{flagcountry|Cameroon}}
| style="text-align:right" |145 |
| {{flagcountry|Thailand}}
| style="text-align:right" |128 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
| style="text-align:right" |128 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| style="text-align:right" |126 |
| {{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
| style="text-align:right" |122 |
| {{flagcountry|Chile}}
| style="text-align:right" |121 |
| {{flagcountry|Bolivia}}
| style="text-align:right" |109 |
| {{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
| style="text-align:right" |103 |
| {{flagcountry|Mali}}
| style="text-align:right" |101 |
| {{flagcountry|Congo}}
| style="text-align:right" |96 |
| {{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}
| style="text-align:right" |94 |
| {{flagcountry|Iraq}}
| style="text-align:right" |94 |
| {{flagcountry|Armenia}}
| style="text-align:right" |92 |
| {{flagcountry|Sierra Leone}}
| style="text-align:right" |91 |
| {{flagcountry|Togo}}
| style="text-align:right" |88 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
| style="text-align:right" |87 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
| style="text-align:right" |75 |
| {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| style="text-align:right" |75 |
| {{flagcountry|Jordan}}
| style="text-align:right" |71 |
| {{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
| style="text-align:right" |69 |
| {{flagcountry|Palestine}}
| style="text-align:right" |67 |
| {{flagcountry|Albania}}
| style="text-align:right" |64 |
| {{flagcountry|Libya}}
| style="text-align:right" |54 |
| {{flagcountry|Paraguay}}
| style="text-align:right"|54 |
| {{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| style="text-align:right" |53 |
| {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
| style="text-align:right" |49 |
| {{flagcountry|Guyana}}
| style="text-align:right"|47 |
| {{flagcountry|Equatorial Guinea}}
| style="text-align:right" |47 |
| {{flagcountry|Tanzania}}
| style="text-align:right"|46 |
| {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}
| style="text-align:right" |43 |
| {{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
| style="text-align:right"|43 |
| {{flagcountry|Dominica}}
| style="text-align:right"|42 |
| {{flagcountry|Vietnam}}
| style="text-align:right" |41 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
| style="text-align:right" |40 |
| {{flagcountry|Guatemala}}
| style="text-align:right" |40 |
| {{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |40 |
| {{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
| style="text-align:right" |39 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
| style="text-align:right" |37 |
| {{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| style="text-align:right" |36 |
| {{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
| style="text-align:right" |36 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
| style="text-align:right" |36 |
| {{flagcountry|El Salvador}}
| style="text-align:right" |35 |
| {{flagcountry|Benin}}
| style="text-align:right"|34 |
| {{flagcountry|Somalia}}
| style="text-align:right" |34 |
| {{flagcountry|Mauritania}}
| style="text-align:right" |33 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| style="text-align:right" |32 |
| {{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
| style="text-align:right" |32 |
| {{flagcountry|North Macedonia}}
| style="text-align:right" |29 |
| {{flagcountry|Panama}}
| style="text-align:right"|28 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right" |24 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Ireland}}
| style="text-align:right" |23 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
| style="text-align:right" |23 |
| {{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
| style="text-align:right" |23 |
| {{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}
| style="text-align:right"|22 |
| {{flagcountry|Liberia}}
| style="text-align:right"|22 |
| {{flagcountry|Honduras}}
| style="text-align:right" |22 |
| {{flagcountry|Gabon}}
| style="text-align:right" |20 |
| {{flagcountry|Rwanda}}
| style="text-align:right" |18 |
| {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
| style="text-align:right" |18 |
| {{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
| style="text-align:right" |17 |
| {{flagcountry|Japan}}
| style="text-align:right"|16 |
| {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
| style="text-align:right"|15 |
| {{flagcountry|Burkina Faso}}
| style="text-align:right"|14 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Finland}}
| style="text-align:right" |14 |
| {{flagcountry|Yemen}}
| style="text-align:right" |14 |
| {{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |14 |
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
| style="text-align:right"|14 |
| {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
| style="text-align:right"|13 |
| {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
| style="text-align:right" |12 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
| style="text-align:right" |11 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}
| style="text-align:right" |10 |
| {{flagcountry|Madagascar}}
| style="text-align:right"|10 |
| {{flagcountry|South Korea}}
| style="text-align:right"|10 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
| style="text-align:right" |10 |
| {{flagcountry|Mauritius}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 |
| {{flagcountry|Timor-Leste}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 |
| {{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 |
| {{flagcountry|Zambia}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 |
| {{flagcountry|Mongolia}}
| style="text-align:right" |9 |
| {{flagcountry|Aruba}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 |
| {{flagcountry|Jamaica}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 |
| {{flagcountry|Malawi}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 |
| {{flagcountry|Uganda}}
| style="text-align:right" |8 |
| {{flagcountry|Andorra}}
| style="text-align:right" |7 |
| {{flagcountry|Eswatini}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 |
| {{flagcountry|Norway}}
| style="text-align:right" |6 |
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flagcountry|Austria}}
| style="text-align:right" |5 |
| {{flagcountry|Belize}}
| style="text-align:right" |5 |
| {{flagcountry|Seychelles}}
| style="text-align:right" |5 |
| Stateless
|5 |
| {{flagcountry|Myanmar}}
|5 |
| Other countries {{small|(below 5)}}
| style="text-align:right" |76 |
{{clear}}
Illegal immigration
In 2006 the Portuguese government made it easier for second generation immigrants to gain citizenship to prevent illegal immigration.{{cite news|title= Portugal approves new immigration law|work=People's Daily Online|url= http://english.people.com.cn/200608/11/eng20060811_292161.html|access-date=2012-07-13}}{{cite news|title= Portugal sees integration progress|work=BBC|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4436276.stm|access-date=2012-07-13}} The rules were modified in 2022, making it even easier for children of foreigners to get access to the Portuguese citizenship.{{Cite web |title=Cidadania portuguesa |url=https://eportugal.gov.pt/servicos/pedir-a-nacionalidade-portuguesa}}
Illegal immigration rose by 55% in 2009, with most of the illegals being Brazilian nationals.{{cite news |title=Deportation of illegal immigrants up 53% |url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/view/851-7 |access-date=2012-07-13 |work=The Portugal News}} In 2012 there were estimated to be around 130,000 immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova illegally living in Portugal and mainly working in agriculture and services.{{cite news|title= Russian immigrants in Portugal – miracles and nightmares|work=Pravda|url= http://english.pravda.ru/news/russia/05-02-2002/25555-0/|access-date=2012-07-13}}{{cite book|title=Transit Migration in Europe|chapter=8. Irregular Transit Migration of Moldovan Citizens to the European Union Countries |via=Degruyter|date=7 August 2014 |pages=185–208 |doi=10.1515/9789048523160-010 |isbn=978-90-485-2316-0 |chapter-url= https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9789048523160-010/html |last1=Mosneaga |first1=Valerii | accessdate=8 July 2024 }}{{cite web|title= Ukrainian Migration to Portugal.|url= https://migrationonline.cz/en/ukrainian-migration-to-portugal-from-non-existence-to-one-of-the-top-three-immigrant-groups }} As of 2024, there were an estimated 400,000 people waiting for their Portuguese residency card,{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=Governo recua e já admite legalizar imigrantes que não entregaram processo na AIMA |url=https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2024-06-27-governo-recua-e-ja-admite-legalizar-imigrantes-que-nao-entregaram-processo-na-aima-88e22908 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Expresso |language=pt}} this being a sharp increase of 100% from 2023, when around 200,000 people were living in the country without a residency permit, of whom around half were Brazilians.{{Cite web |last=Correspondente' |first='VICENTE NUNES |date=2023-01-30 |title=Mais de 100 mil brasileiros estão em situação irregular em Portugal |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/brasil/2023/01/5069840-mais-de-100-mil-brasileiros-estao-em-situacao-irregular-em-portugal.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Brasil |language=pt-BR}}
Employers of illegal immigrants in Portugal face jail terms.{{cite news|title= Jail terms for employers of illegal immigrants|work=The Portugal News|url= http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/view/908-9|access-date=2012-07-13}}
Jewish immigration
{{Main|Portuguese nationality law#Jewish Law of Return}}
File:Tomar Sinagoga 845.jpg synagogue dating from 1307]]
In 1496 the Portuguese monarchy issued an expulsion decree targeting Jews and Moors living in Portugal. This decree forced many Jews to either convert to Christianity (leading to the emergence of Cristão-novos and of Crypto-Judaism practices) or leave the country, leading to a diaspora of Portuguese Jews throughout Europe and the Americas.{{Cite web |title=How Spain and Portugal Expelled Their Jews |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jewish-expulsion-from-portugal/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=My Jewish Learning |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Cristãos-novos |url=https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historiageral/cristaos-novos.htm |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Mundo Educação |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |title=Crypto Jews: What is the history of secret Jews? - explainer |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-715350 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |date=23 August 2022 |language=en-US}}File:CH-NB - Portugal, Lissabon (Lisboa)- Strassenszenen - Annemarie Schwarzenbach - SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-24-059.jpgThe said decree annihilated the thriving Jewish culture in the country and up to the 19th century, when the Portuguese Inquisition ceased to exist, no synagogues were officially allowed to operate in the country. Some Jews started arriving in the early 1800s, particularly from Gibraltar or Northern Africa. The largest influx of Jews was recorded during WWII, when thousands of Jews fled Nazi persecution and came to neutral Portugal. The overwhelming majority of them subsequently settled in Israel, the US, Brazil or returned to their home countries.{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2014-12-14 |title=Lisbon and its Jewish refugees: Engaging Portugal with its World War II history |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/impact/case-studies/2014/dec/lisbon-and-its-jewish-refugees-engaging-portugal-its-world-war-ii-history |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Research Impact |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Lisbon Jewish Community |url=https://cilisboa.org/about-us/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=cilisboa.org}}{{Cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Lisbon - The Portuguese Jewish News |url=https://portuguesejewishnews.com/communities/the-jewish-community-of-lisbon/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=portuguesejewishnews.com}}{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=NYU Web |title=The Liminal Life of Jewish Refugees in WWII Portugal—and What it Can Teach Us Today |url=http://www.nyu.edu/content/nyu/en/about/news-publications/news/2020/june/the-liminal-life-of-jewish-refugees-in-wwii-portugal |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.nyu.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Yad Vashem |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/academic/portugal-the-consuls.html}}{{Cite news |date=2020-06-16 |title=Portugal finally recognises consul who saved thousands from Holocaust |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53006790 |access-date=2023-10-15}}{{Cite web |title=Portugal |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/just-act-report-to-congress/portugal/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}
File:Memorial Vilar Formoso, Fronteira da Paz - Portugal (52864401435).jpg in Vilar Formoso reminding the Jews who were hosted in Portugal during WWII]]
Portugal's "Law on Nationality" amendment allows descendants of Portuguese Jews expelled during the Inquisition to gain citizenship within a Sephardic community of Portuguese origin with ties to Portugal. In 2020, there were proposed changes, requiring a two-year residency for citizenship, but these were rejected by the Socialist party.
This amendment made Portugal the second country, after Israel, to adopt a Jewish Law of Return, with Spain later following suit. Introduced by the Socialist and Center Right parties, it received unanimous approval in April 2013 and took effect on 1 March 2015.{{Citation |title=16th century Jewish refugees can claim Portuguese citizenship |date=13 April 2013 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/descendants-of-16th-century-jewish-refugees-can-claim-portuguese-citizenship-1.515268 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024153130/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/descendants-of-16th-century-jewish-refugees-can-claim-portuguese-citizenship-1.515268 |url-status=live |publisher=Haaretz |archive-date=24 October 2013}}{{cite web |title=Text of Decree-Law n.º 30-A/2015 of Portugal, 27 February 2015 |url=http://www.cilisboa.org/documents/LEI_27_Fev_2015_0009200093.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109023144/http://www.cilisboa.org/documents/LEI_27_Fev_2015_0009200093.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2017 |access-date=25 April 2018 |website=cilisboa.org}}
Applicants must prove Sephardic surnames in their family tree and a connection to the Portuguese Sephardic community, often verified by an orthodox rabbi. The language spoken at home, including Ladino, is also considered.{{cite web |title=Portuguese Nationality for Sephardic Descendants |url=http://www.comunidade-israelita-porto.org/resources/pdfs/Portuguese_Nationality_for_Sephardic_Descendants_English.pdf |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=Comunidade Israelita do Porto}}
An intriguing feature of this law is its exemption from the typical six-year consecutive residency requirement for citizenship. Since 2015, hundreds of Turkish Jews with Sephardic ancestry have moved to Portugal and obtained citizenship. In 2017, nearly 1,800 descendants of Sephardic Jews were granted Portuguese nationality. By November 2020, Portugal had granted citizenship to approximately 23,000 people, constituting about 30% of the 76,000 applications submitted since 2015.{{cite web |last=Devos |first=Olivier |date=16 September 2016 |title=Amid rising European anti-Semitism, Portugal sees Jewish renaissance |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-rising-european-anti-semitism-portugal-sees-jewish-renaissance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804055534/http://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-rising-european-anti-semitism-portugal-sees-jewish-renaissance/ |archive-date=4 August 2017 |access-date=3 August 2017 |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}{{cite web |last=Liphshiz |first=Cnaan |date=12 February 2016 |title=New citizenship law has Jews flocking to tiny Portugal city |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/new-citizenship-law-has-jews-flocking-to-tiny-portugal-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715015746/http://www.timesofisrael.com/new-citizenship-law-has-jews-flocking-to-tiny-portugal-city/ |archive-date=15 July 2017 |access-date=3 August 2017 |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}{{cite web |author= |date=3 March 2015 |title=Portugal open to citizenship applications by descendants of Sephardic Jews |url=http://www.jta.org/2015/03/03/news-opinion/world/portugal-open-to-citizenship-applications-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803093922/http://www.jta.org/2015/03/03/news-opinion/world/portugal-open-to-citizenship-applications-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews |archive-date=3 August 2017 |access-date=3 August 2017 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}{{cite web |last=Liphshiz |first=Cnaan |date=24 February 2018 |title=A soaring number of Jews acquired Portuguese citizenship in 2017 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-soaring-number-of-jews-acquired-portuguese-citizenship-in-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311195343/https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-soaring-number-of-jews-acquired-portuguese-citizenship-in-2017/ |archive-date=11 March 2018 |access-date=22 September 2020 |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=1.800 Sephardic Jews get Portuguese citizenship |url=https://eurojewcong.org/news/communities-news/portugal/1-800-sephardic-jews-get-portuguese-citizenship/ |website=European Jewish Congress}}File:Interior da sinagoga de Lisboa, Shaarei Tikva.JPG, built in 1904]]To combat fraudulent claims, the Portuguese government enacted a decree-law on 9 March 2022, increasing scrutiny for applicants, emphasizing a substantial connection with Portugal. Notably, these changes did not apply retroactively to those already granted citizenship, including individuals like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. As of January 2023, the number of pending cases had risen to over 300,000, underscoring the significant interest and impact of this amendment.{{cite web |last=Liphshiz |first=Cnaan |date=17 July 2019 |title=Portugal grants citizenship to 10,000 descendants of Sephardi Jews |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/portugal-grants-citizenship-to-10000-descendants-of-sephardi-jews/ |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}{{Cite news |author=JTA |date=9 November 2020 |title=Portugal Naturalizes 23,000 Applicants Under Jewish Law of Return - Jewish Exponent |work=Jewish Exponent |url=https://www.jewishexponent.com/2020/11/09/portugal-naturalizes-23000-applicants-under-jewish-law-of-return/}}{{Cite news |author= |date=8 February 2022 |title=Portugal has granted Portuguese citizenship to 56,685 descendants of Sephardic Jews |agency=Jewish News Syndicate |url=https://www.jns.org/wire/portugal-has-granted-portuguese-citizenship-to-56685-descendants-of-sephardic-jews/}}{{Cite web |last=Renascença |date=2023-01-20 |title=Registos sem capacidade para dar resposta a mais de 300 mil pedidos de nacionalidade portuguesa - Renascença |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/noticia/pais/2023/01/20/registos-sem-capacidade-para-dar-resposta-a-mais-de-300-mil-pedidos-de-nacionalidade-portuguesa/316814/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=Rádio Renascença |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite news |author= |date=12 March 2022 |title=Roman Abramovich: Rabbi investigated over Portuguese citizenship |website=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60724509}}
File:VilarFormosoMuseumExternal.jpg
In recent years, thousands of Israelis, as well as Turkish Jews and Brazilian Jews, have been able to prove that they are descended from Jews expelled from Portugal in 1497 and have thus have acquired Portuguese citizenship.{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-rising-european-anti-semitism-portugal-sees-jewish-renaissance/|title=Amid rising European anti-Semitism, Portugal sees Jewish renaissance|website=Timesofisrael.com|access-date=30 September 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/new-citizenship-law-has-jews-flocking-to-tiny-portugal-city/|title=New citizenship law has Jews flocking to tiny Portugal city|website=Timesofisrael.com|access-date=30 September 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2015/03/03/news-opinion/world/portugal-open-to-citizenship-applications-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews|title=Portugal open to citizenship applications by descendants of Sephardic Jews|website=Jta.org|date=3 March 2015 |access-date=30 September 2017}}
In particular, from 2015 to 2021 56,619 people who claimed Sephardic ancestry were able to obtain Portuguese citizenship.{{Cite web |title=Portal do INE |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008368&xlang=pt&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.ine.pt}} Amongst them, 54,402 or 96.08% did not live in Portugal. The five most common nationalities of those applying and succeeding in the naturalisation process were:
- Israel: 42,080 Israelis became Portuguese on the ground of their Sephardic heritage; of those naturalising 95.87% or 40,343 did not live in Portugal at the time of their naturalisation
- Turkey: 5,819 Turks became Portuguese on the ground of their Sephardic heritage; of those naturalising 98.25% or 5,717 did not live in Portugal at the time of their naturalisation
- Brazil: 4,087 Brazilians became Portuguese on the ground of their Sephardic heritage; of those naturalising 94.47% or 3,861 did not live in Portugal at the time of their naturalisation
- Argentina: 1,722 Argentines became Portuguese on the ground of their Sephardic heritage; of those naturalising 96.34% or 1,659 did not live in Portugal at the time of their naturalisation
- United States of America: 551 US citizens became Portuguese on the ground of their Sephardic heritage; of those naturalising 97.28% or 536 did not live in Portugal at the time of their naturalisation
Nationals of the five said countries naturalising as Portuguese citizens thanks to the 2015 Law totalled 54,259 people or 95.83% of those acquiring Portuguese citizenship due to their Jewish ethnic background up to 2021.
Immigration by investment
Another group of immigrants, especially among Non-European citizens, can avail the chance of residing in Portugal by making a financial investment. RBI (Residency by Investment) schemes, also called "golden visa" or "golden passport", offer Non-European citizens a residency and work permit inside Europe. According to RBI programs operated by a handful of Member States of EU, Non-European citizens can have access to residency or citizenship in exchange for specified investments in the country.
Under Portugal's Golden Visa program, which has been in service since 8 October 2012, the Portuguese government grants a residence permit to those who invest an amount of at least €350,000 which is maintained for at least (a continuous) five years.
Immigration detention
{{excerpt|Immigration detention|Portugal}}
Opposition to immigration
{{excerpt|Opposition to immigration|Portugal}}
Maps
Below there are flag maps showing, from left to right, the five most numerous foreign communities present in each Portuguese district as of January the 1st 2022 according to official Portuguese data. These numbers take into account only foreigners - thus excluding Portuguese people of foreign background - who reside legally and permanently in Portugal.{{Cite web |title=SEFSTAT – Portal de Estatística |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/forms/distritos.aspx |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=sefstat.sef.pt}}
File:1st foreign nationality PT 2022.png|Flag map of the most common foreign nationality in Portugal per each district. One can see the importance of the Brazilian immigration as well as the influx of Venezuelans in Madeira, Britons in Algarve and Indians in Beja
File:2nd nationality PT 2022.svg|Flag map of the second most common foreign nationality in Portugal in every district. Cape Verdeans are present in Lisbon Area, Italians in Porto while Britons and Romanians in the interior.
File:3rd nationality PT 2022.svg|Flag map of the third most common foreign nationality in Portugal in every district. US-citizens are present in the Azores, Chinese in the industrialized north while PALOP citizens in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area
File:4th foreign nationality PT 2022.svg|Flag map of the fourth most common foreign nationality in Portugal in every district. Angolans and Eastern Europeans (such as Ukrainians in Santarém) are present nationwide
File:5th foreign nationality PT 2022.svg|Flag map of the fifth most common foreign nationality in Portugal in every district. One can appreciate the presence of the Chinese near the Spanish border and the prevalence of Europeans along the coast
Comparison with other European Union countries 2023
According to Eurostat 59.9 million people lived in the European Union in 2023 who were born outside their resident country. This corresponds to 13.35% of the total EU population. Of these, 31.4 million (9.44%) were born outside the EU and 17.5 million (3.91%) were born in another EU member state.{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop3ctb__custom_12073365/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=ec.europa.eu}}{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age, sex and group of country of birth |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop4ctb__custom_12073348/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=ec.europa.eu}}
| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |
| align="center" | Country
! align="center" | Total population (1000) ! align="center" | Total Foreign-born (1000) ! align="center" | % ! align="center" | Born in other EU state (1000) ! align="center" | % ! align="center" | Born in a non EU state (1000) ! align="center" | % |
|---|
| EU 27
|448,754 |59,902 |13.3 |17,538 |3.9 |31,368 |6.3 |
| Germany
|84,359 |16,476 |19.5 |6,274 |7.4 |10,202 |12.1 |
| France
|68,173 |8,942 |13.1 |1,989 |2.9 |6,953 |10.2 |
| Italy
|58,997 |6,417 |10.9 |1,563 |2.6 |4,854 |8.2 |
| Spain
|48,085 |8,204 |17.1 |1,580 |3.3 |6,624 |13.8 |
| Poland
|36,754 |933 |2.5 |231 |0.6 |702 |1.9 |
| Romania
|19,055 |530 |2.8 |202 |1.1 |328 |1.7 |
| Netherlands
|17,811 |2,777 |15.6 |748 |4.2 |2,029 |11.4 |
| Belgium
|11,743 |2,247 |19.1 |938 |8.0 |1,309 |11.1 |
| Czech Republic
|10,828 |764 |7.1 |139 |1.3 |625 |5.8 |
| Sweden
|10,522 |2,144 |20.4 |548 |5.2 |1,596 |15.2 |
| Portugal
|10,517 |1,733 |16.5 |378 |3.6 |1,355 |12.9 |
| Greece
|10,414 |1,173 |11.3 |235 |2.2 |938 |9.0 |
| Hungary
|9,600 |644 |6.7 |342 |3.6 |302 |3.1 |
| Austria
|9,105 |1,963 |21.6 |863 |9.5 |1,100 |12.1 |
| Bulgaria
|6,448 |169 |2.6 |58 |0.9 |111 |1.7 |
| Denmark
|5,933 |804 |13.6 |263 |4.4 |541 |9.1 |
| Finland
|5,564 |461 |8.3 |131 |2.4 |330 |5.9 |
| Slovakia
|5,429 |213 |3.9 |156 |2.9 |57 |1.0 |
| Ireland
|5,271 |1,150 |21.8 |348 |6.6 |802 |15.2 |
Gallery
{{image array|perrow=5|width=185|height=120|border-width=0.0001|image2=IMAG2718.jpg|caption2=Chinese restaurant in Lisbon|image3=Restaurante Real Nepal, Avenida da República, Lisboa.jpg|caption3=Nepalese restaurant in Lisbon|image7=Roteiro Justiça Climática, Odemira, Jul. 2022 (52240979505).jpg|caption7=South Asians in Alentejo|image8=Roteiro Justiça Climática, Odemira, Jul. 2022 (52240490286).jpg|caption8=Immigrants{{cn|date=April 2025}} in Odemira|image9=Carnaval 2014 Av. Bons Amigos.jpg|caption9=Multiethnic Carnival in Agualva
|image29=NOVO-NEW-新.2019-nCoV.jpg
|caption29=Trilingual (Portuguese-English-Chinese) leaflet in Portugal
|image33=Roteiro Justiça Climática, Odemira, Jul. 2022 (52240498238).jpg
|caption33= South Asians in Vila Nova de Milfontes
|image35=Algarve Portugal Cabo de Sao Vicente Letzte Bratwurst vor Amerika.jpg
|caption35=German establishment in Algarve
|image94=Protestas dominicanas en Portugal 2020.jpg
|caption94= Dominicans in Lisbon in occasion of the 2020 Dominican Republic general election
|image98=There Be Dragons (22664135188).jpg
|caption98= Chinese dragon in Lisbon
|image99=Museu da Marioneta - Lisboa - Portugal (53298822264).jpg
|caption99= Asian puppets in Museu da Marioneta, Lisbon
|image104=A gift from Thailand... (10000552414).jpg
|caption104= Thai pavilion in Lisbon
|image105=2016-10-24 Lissabon 6307 (30823982322).jpg
|caption105= South Asian workers in Lisbon
|image110=Casal dos Machados Parque das Nações Lisboa 07.jpg
|caption110= Pro inclusivity street art in Parque das Nações
|image119=Buddha Eden Garden - Carvalhal - Portugal (25535448222).jpg
|caption119= Buddha statue in Portugal
}}
See also
- Opposition to immigration
- Remigration
- Access to healthcare for migrants in Portugal
- Demographics of Portugal
- Portuguese diaspora (emigration from Portugal)
- Immigration to Europe
- List of countries by immigrant population
- List of countries by foreign-born population
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Immigration to Portugal}}
{{Portugal topics}}
{{Immigration to Europe}}