:Israel–Jordan relations

Between 1948 and 1994, Jordan adopted an anti-Zionist policy but made decisions pragmatically. Several factors are cited for this, among them geographic proximity, King Hussein's Western orientation, and Jordan's modest territorial aspirations. Nevertheless, a state of war existed between the two countries from 1948 until the treaty was signed.

Memoirists and political analysts have identified a number of "back-channel" and clandestine communications between the two countries which led to cooperation even during times of war.

Jordan (then Transjordan) was not a member of the United Nations when the vote on the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was held in November 1947, but following Israel's founding on 14 May 1948, it was one of the Arab League countries that invaded the country, gaining control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem (including the Old City). The Jewish population was expelled and Jordan annexed these territories.

In the 1967 Six-Day War, Jordan aligned itself with Nasser's Egypt despite an Israeli warning, and lost control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel, but did not relinquish its claim to the territory until 1988. Jordan significantly reduced its military participation in the Yom Kippur War in 1973 against Israel. Jordan and Israel signed the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace in 1994, normalizing relations between the two countries.

In 1970, King Hussein waged the war of Black September against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), eventually ejecting the organization and thousands of Palestinians who threatened Hussein's rule. During Black September, Syrian troops invaded the kingdom, threatening to further destabilize the regime. In response, the Israeli Air Force made a series of overflights over the Syrian forces, prompting them to return to Syria.{{cite book|last1=Migdal|first1=Joel|year=2014|chapter=4. Finding a Place in the Middle East: A New Partnership Develops out of Black September|title=Shifting Sands: The United States in the Middle East|chapter-url=http://cup.columbia.edu/book/shifting-sands/9780231166720|publisher=Columbia University Press|publication-date=February 2014|isbn=978-0-231-16672-0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209112810/http://cup.columbia.edu/book/shifting-sands/9780231166720|archive-date=9 December 2014|access-date=20 December 2014}} The war against the PLO factions strengthened ties between Israel and Jordan. The Mossad is said to have warned Hussein about a Palestinian assassination attempt and

Hussein warned Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in a clandestine face-to-face meeting about Egyptian and Syrian threats prior to the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Hussein's intention was to stay out of the war.

In 1987, Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein secretly devised a peace plan in which Israel would concede the West Bank to Jordan. The two signed the "Peres–Hussein London Agreement", defining a framework for a Middle Eastern peace conference. It fell through due to the objection of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. The following year Jordan abandoned its claim for the West Bank in favor of a peaceful resolution between Israel and the PLO.{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DD123DF932A3575BC0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=New York Times |title=Hussein surrenders claims on west bank to the P.L.O.|first=John |last=Kifner |date=1 August 1998}}

{{main|Israel–Jordan peace treaty}}

File:Hussein Clinton Rabin.jpg and Yitzhak Rabin, accompanied by Bill Clinton, during the Israel-Jordan peace negotiations, 26 October 1994]]

File:Naharhayarden.jpg

In 1994, Israel and Jordan negotiated a peace treaty, which was signed by Yitzhak Rabin, King Hussein and Bill Clinton in Washington, DC on 25 July 1994. The Washington Declaration says that Israel and Jordan ended the official state of enmity and would start negotiations to achieve an "end to bloodshed and sorrow" and a just and lasting peace.{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/The+Washington+Declaration.htm|title=The Washington Declaration |date=25 July 1994 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}

On 26 October 1994, Jordan and Israel signed a peace treaty, normalizing relations between them and resolving territorial disputes, including water sharing.{{cite journal |last=Susskind |first=Lawrence |author2=Shafiqul Islam |title=Water Diplomacy: Creating Value and Building Trust in Transboundary Water Negotiations|journal=Science & Diplomacy|year=2012|volume=1|issue=3|url=http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2012/water-diplomacy}} The treaty adjusted land and water disputes, and provided for broad cooperation in tourism and trade. It also included a pledge that neither Jordan nor Israel would allow its territory to become a staging ground for military strikes by a third country. The treaty was closely linked to efforts to achieve peace between Israel and the Palestinians.

Following the agreements, Israel and Jordan opened their borders. Several border-crossings were erected, allowing tourists, businessmen and workers to travel between the two countries.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mv8R-o_b0acC&q=israel+jordan+peace+treaty&pg=PA196|title=Israel, Jordan, and the Peace Process|first=Yehuda|last=Lukacs|date=12 November 1999|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815627203|access-date=12 November 2017|via=Google Books}} Israeli tourists started to visit Jordan, and many foreign tourists would combine visits to both countries.

In 1996, the two countries signed a trade treaty. As part of the agreement, Israel assisted in establishing a modern medical center in Amman.

In 2010, when the government of Jordan sought permission from international governments to produce nuclear fuel for use in Jordanian power plants, Israel objected, citing the unstable political nature of the Middle East. In light of the Israeli objection the request for United States approval was denied.{{cite news |newspaper=Haaretz |date=7 July 2010 |title=Who's Afraid of the Jordanian Atom? |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/who-s-afraid-of-the-jordanian-atom-1.300485 |first=Zvi |last=Bar'el}}

In a meeting with the Centre for Israel & Jewish Affairs in Canada, Jordanian King Abdullah noted that Israel, which he recognizes as a vital regional ally, has been highly responsive to requests by Abdullah to resume direct peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.{{Cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/06/27/fox-news-reporting-crossing-jordan-escape-from-terror-289970987/ |title=Fox News Reporting: Christians find refuge from terror in Jordan | Fox News |website=Fox News |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930020220/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/06/27/fox-news-reporting-crossing-jordan-escape-from-terror-289970987/ |url-status=dead }} Promoting peace between Israel and the Palestinian Authority is a major priority for Jordan. It supports U.S. efforts to mediate a final settlement, which it believes should be based on the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative, proposed by Saudi Arabia.[https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33546.pdf Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations] Congressional Research Service (27 January 2014)

On 23 July 2017, the deputy director of security of the Israeli embassy in Amman shot two Jordanian men.{{Cite web |last=Phippen |first=J. Weston |date=23 July 2017 |title=An Attack at the Israeli Embassy in Jordan |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2017/07/israeli-embassy-attack/534612/ |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}} The Jordanian Public Security Directorate concluded that the Israeli guard was attacked by one of the men, a 17-year-old furniture repairman, and shot at both the repairman and the building’s Jordanian owner. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported that the furniture repairman had been wielding a screwdriver, a claim the father of the Jordanian youth denies. Both Jordanian men died and the Israeli guard was injured as a result of the incident.{{Cite web |title=Jordan: Embassy attack over furniture delivery |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/25/middleeast/jordan-israeli-embassy-attack/index.html |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}

On 22 November 2019, King Abdullah described Jordan's relations with Israel as being "at an all-time low", mostly because of domestic political issues in Israel.{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/amp/middle-east-news/relations-between-israel-and-jordan-worse-than-ever-king-abdullah-says-1.8164889|title=Relations Between Israel and Jordan at an All-time Low, King Abdullah Says|first=Amir|last=Tibon|date=23 November 2019|newspaper=Haaretz}}

In March 2021, Jordan delayed approval of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's flight over the country on the way to the United Arab Emirates. Israel accused Jordan of doing this deliberately as a response to a dispute over Israeli entry permits for Jordanian Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah's security detail for a trip to the Al-Aqsa mosque. Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi accused Israel of breaching agreed terms of the trip to Al-Aqsa and accused Netanyahu of "toying with the region and its peoples’ right to live in peace for the sake of electoral and populist concerns" and "destroying the trust which is the basis for ending the conflict".{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2021/03/13/2468858/netanyahu-toying-with-region-for-electoral-gains-jordan-s-fm-deplores/|title = Netanyahu 'Toying with Region' for Electoral Gains, Jordan's FM Deplores – World news}}

In April 2021, Jordan condemned Israel for raiding the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem and silencing the minaret's loudspeaker.{{Cite web|url=https://themedialine.org/headlines/jordan-condemns-israel-for-cutting-call-to-prayer-at-al-aqsa/|title=Jordan Condemns Israel for Cutting Call to Prayer at Al-Aqsa|date=15 April 2021}} However, on 8 July of that year, reports surfaced that Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett met with King Abdullah in what was said to be a "very positive" atmosphere. The report, leaked by an anonymous former Israeli official, said that Bennett and King Abdullah agreed to open a "new page" in relations, after the strained relations of the past years. More specifically, it said that Israel agreed to double the amount of water they sold to Jordan. Bennett's office declined to comment on the report.{{cite web |author1=Hamodia Staff |title=Report: Bennett Held Secret Meeting with Jordanian King |url=https://hamodia.com/2021/07/08/report-bennett-held-secret-meeting-jordanian-king/ |website=hamodia.com |publisher=Hamodia |access-date=8 July 2021}}

File:Isaac Herzog state visit to Jordan, March 2022 (GPOHA1 3266).jpg and Israeli president Isaac Herzog in Amman, Jordan, 30 March 2022]]

In early September 2021, King Abdullah and Israeli president Isaac Herzog discussed sustainability, climate crisis, and energy in an unannounced meeting.{{Cite web |title=Israeli president and Jordanian king hold secret talks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/4/israeli-president-and-jordan-king-hold-secret-talks |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}} On 5 January 2022, Abdullah met with Israeli Minister of Defense Benny Gantz in Amman.{{Cite web |title=Israel's Gantz, Jordanian king hold rare meeting in Amman – Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/01/israels-gantz-jordanian-king-hold-rare-meeting-amman |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=www.al-monitor.com |language=en}} They discussed regional stability and bilateral ties.{{Cite news |date=5 January 2022 |title=Israeli defence minister discusses regional stability with Jordanian king |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-defence-minister-met-jordan-king-discussed-regional-stability-2022-01-05/ |access-date=7 July 2022}} Abdullah stated "the need to maintain calm in the Palestinian territories"{{Cite web |title=King Abdullah II discusses Palestinian-Israeli peace with Benny Gantz |url=http://thearabweekly.com/king-abdullah-ii-discusses-palestinian-israeli-peace-benny-gantz |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=AW |language=en}} and called for a two-state solution as a "comprehensive and just solution" of the conflict. It was the first public hosting of an Israeli official by Abdullah in more than four years. According to observers, it was part of a reset of bilateral relations between Jordan and Israel.{{Cite web |title=Jordan's King, Israeli Defense Minister Reset Ties |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/jordan-s-king-israeli-defense-minister-reset-ties-/6385545.html |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=VOA |language=en}} On 30 March 2022, King Abdullah met with Israeli president Isaac Herzog in Amman.{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalidi |first=Suleiman |date=30 March 2022 |title=Jordan and Israel leaders urge calm after historic meeting following spike in violence |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-israel-leaders-urge-calm-after-historic-meeting-following-spike-violence-2022-03-30/ |access-date=7 July 2022}} They discussed the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and bilateral relations.{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=King receives Israeli president, reaffirms need to work to achieve peace |url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/king-receives-israeli-president-reaffirms-need-work-achieve-peace |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Jordan Times |language=en}} It was the first official visit of an Israeli president to Jordan.{{Cite news |last1=Al-Khalidi |first1=Suleiman |last2=Heller |first2=Jeffrey |date=29 March 2022 |title=Israeli president visits Jordan in latest sign of closer ties – officials |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-defence-minister-meets-with-king-abdullah-amman-tweet-2022-03-29/ |access-date=7 July 2022}}

In an interview with CNN in December 2022, after the inauguration of the new Israeli government,{{Cite news |title=Far-right Israeli government sworn in amid surge of resistance |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/29/israel-government-netanyahu-religious-zionism/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}} King Abdullah warned Israel not to change the status of the Muslim and Christian holy sites and stated "If people [Israeli government] want to get into a conflict with us, we're quite prepared".{{Cite web |last=Saifi |first=Zeena |date=28 December 2022 |title=Jordan king warns of 'red lines' in Jerusalem as Netanyahu returns to office |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/28/middleeast/jordan-king-warns-israel-jerusalem-mime-intl/index.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title=Jordan king: If Israel wants a conflict 'we're quite prepared' |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20221229-jordan-king-if-israel-wants-a-conflict-were-quite-prepared/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Middle East Monitor |language=en-GB}}

In April 2023, Jordanian MP Imad Al-Adwan was arrested by Israeli authorities after trying to smuggle weapons and gold into the West Bank.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=23 April 2023 |title=Jordan: Israel arrested lawmaker on arms-smuggling charges |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/jordan-israel-arrested-lawmaker-arms-smuggling-charges-98787226 |website=ABC News |language=en}}

In October 2023, during the Gaza war, King Abdullah condemned Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip and the "collective punishment" of Palestinians in Gaza.{{cite news |title=Egypt's Sisi, Jordan king condemn 'collective punishment' in Gaza |url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2023/10/969122/egypts-sisi-jordan-king-condemn-collective-punishment-gaza |work=The Straits Times |date=19 October 2023}} On 1 November 2023, Jordan recalled its ambassador to Israel, accusing the country of creating an “unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe” and “killing innocent people in Gaza”.{{Cite web |title=Jordan recalls ambassador to Israel to protest Gaza 'catastrophe' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/1/jordan-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-to-protest-gaza-catastrophe |date=1 November 2023 |work=Al Jazeera |language=en}} Jordan also declared that Israel's ambassador, who had departed Amman following Hamas' attack, would not be permitted to return.[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-all-options-open-gaza-conflict-intensifies-2023-11-06/#:~:text=AMMAN%2C%20Nov%206%20(Reuters),invasion%20of%20the%20Gaza%20Strip. Jordan open to 'all options' as Gaza conflict intensifies] reuters.com Retrieved 8 November 2023[https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/06/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-latest-news-on-gaza-conflict.html Over 10,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, Hamas-run health ministry says; UN calls Gaza a children’s graveyard] cnbc.com Retrieved 8 November 2023

In November 2023, Bisher al Khasawneh, the prime minister of Jordan, said that Jordan was considering all available options in its response to the Israeli aggression on Gaza and its subsequent consequences.[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-all-options-open-gaza-conflict-intensifies-2023-11-06/#:~:text=AMMAN%2C%20Nov%206%20(Reuters),invasion%20of%20the%20Gaza%20Strip. Jordan open to 'all options' as Gaza conflict intensifies] reuters.com Retrieved 8 November 2023[https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/06/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-latest-news-on-gaza-conflict.html Over 10,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, Hamas-run health ministry says; UN calls Gaza a children’s graveyard] cnbc.com Retrieved 8 November 2023 Khasawneh argued that Israel's blockade of the heavily-populated Gaza Strip could not be justified as self-defense, and criticised the indiscriminate Israeli assault, which had included safe zones and ambulances in its targets.[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-all-options-open-gaza-conflict-intensifies-2023-11-06/#:~:text=AMMAN%2C%20Nov%206%20(Reuters),invasion%20of%20the%20Gaza%20Strip. Jordan open to 'all options' as Gaza conflict intensifies] reuters.com Retrieved 8 November 2023[https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/06/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-latest-news-on-gaza-conflict.html Over 10,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, Hamas-run health ministry says; UN calls Gaza a children’s graveyard] cnbc.com Retrieved 8 November 2023 Jordanian residents (including the approximately 2 million Palestinian refugees and others with Palestinian roots) have staged protests against Israel's actions in Gaza, which adds pressure to the government to take action on the issue.{{cite web | last1=Stein | first1=Lucia | last2=Armitage | first2=Rebecca | title=Denouncing the Israel-Gaza war, the king and queen of Jordan are walking a delicate diplomatic tightrope | website= ABC News (Australia)| date=4 November 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-05/jordan-s-royals-are-walking-a-delicate-diplomatic-tightrope/103039792 | access-date=10 November 2023}} There is also evidence that there is more sympathy with Hamas among Jordanians in recent years.{{cite web | last=Jbour | first=Abdullah | title=Jordan and the Israeli War on Gaza: Shifts in Political Discourse | website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=7 November 2023 | url=https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2023/11/jordan-and-the-israeli-war-on-gaza-shifts-in-political-discourse?lang=en | access-date=10 November 2023}} However, Jordan's Western allies view the kingdom as a potentially vital mediator, should Israel and Hamas agree to negotiate. King Abdullah has been taking part in diplomatic meetings in Europe, aiming to secure safe passage of humanitarian aid; however, the government is also grappling with domestic problems such as inflation, unemployment, and trafficking of arms and drugs through Jordan to the West Bank. The king and Queen Rania have criticised Israel's action in Gaza, and called for a ceasefire. Queen Rania, whose family is Palestinian with roots in the West Bank town of Nablus, called on Western leaders to denounce Israel's attacks on Palestinian civilians in an interview aired on CNN in the U.S. There are fears of a huge influx of refugees into Jordan as a result of the Israel-Hamas War.

During the April 2024 Iranian strikes in Israel Jordan intercepted Iranian projectiles that violated its airspace with their air force.{{Cite web |last=Al-Khalidi |first=Suleiman |date=14 April 2024 |title=Jordan airforce shoots down Iranian drones flying over to Israel |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordans-air-defence-ready-shoot-down-any-iranian-aircraft-that-violate-its-2024-04-13/ |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=Reuters}}

Jordan has also benefited economically from the peace treaty. As a result of the treaty, Qualified Industrial Zones were developed in Jordan. In these zones, companies that use a percentage of Israeli inputs can export duty-free to the United States. As of 2010, the zones have generated 36,000 jobs, and have become the strongest engine for Jordan's economic growth. The opposition Muslim Brotherhood movement has asked the government to shut them down, but the government maintains that the zones provide jobs for thousands of Jordanians.{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Business-with-Israel-pays-off-in-Jordan|title=Business with Israel pays off in Jordan|author=Jamal Halaby|agency=Associated Press|date=12 April 2010|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813131250/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Business-with-Israel-pays-off-in-Jordan|archive-date=13 August 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-31-oe-makovsky31-story.html|title=Peace Pays Off for Jordan|author=David Makovsky|work=Los Angeles Times|date=31 January 2003}}

Israel has facilitated Jordanian trade with Iraq and Turkey since 2013 by allowing goods to be transported by truck via the Jordan River Crossing near Beit She'an. The goods are taken to Haifa Port and shipped from there to Iraq and Turkey.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4364003,00.html|title=Iraqi goods travel to Turkey via Israel|newspaper=Ynetnews |date=5 April 2013|access-date=12 November 2017|last1=Lior |first1=Gad }} Previously this trade passed overland through Syria but has been disrupted by the Syrian Civil War.

According to a 2016 agreement valued at US$10 billion, Israel will supply Jordan with 45 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas over 15 years. The gas will be supplied by a new pipeline scheduled for completion by 2020 that will stretch from the Israel–Jordan border to the Arab Gas Pipeline near Mafraq.{{cite news |last1=Tayseer |first1=Mohammad |last2=Benmeleh |first2=Yaacov |title=Jordan Pipeline for Israeli Gas Set for Completion by End of 2019 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-04/jordan-pipeline-for-israeli-gas-set-for-completion-by-end-2019 |access-date=11 August 2018 |agency=Bloomberg News |date=4 July 2018}} The Jordanian government maintains that procuring gas from Israel will save Jordan JD700 million per year in energy costs.{{cite news |last1=Ghazal |first1=Mohammad |title=Israeli gas to Jordan expected in 2020 — official |url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/israeli-gas-jordan-expected-2020-—-official |access-date=12 August 2018 |publisher=The Jordan Times |date=5 July 2018}} The pipeline started its initial 3-month operation on 31 December 2019, despite heated protests by opposition groups. Local campaign coordinators against the deal criticised the high costs when the country is already receiving cheap liquified gas through a port in Aqaba, as well as additional electricity produced by solar power plants.[https://www.arabnews.com/node/1607661/middle-east Jordan starts getting gas from Israel despite heated opposition]. Arab News. Retrieved 3 January 2020.

In November 2021, Jordan and Israel signed an agreement brokered by the United Arab Emirates by which a UAE company will build a solar power plant in Jordan from which Israel will buy electricity in exchange for water from an Israeli desalination plant.{{cite web |last1=Harkov |first1=Lahav |title=Israel, Jordan sign climate cooperation agreement in Dubai |url=https://www.jpost.com/environment-and-climate-change/israel-jordan-sign-climate-cooperation-agreement-in-dubai-685680 |website=The Jerusalem Post |date=22 November 2021}}{{cite web | title=Israel, Jordan to partner in water-for-energy deal | website=Reuters | date=22 November 2021 | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/israel-jordan-partner-water-for-energy-deal-israeli-ministry-says-2021-11-22/}}

• History of the Jews in Jordan
• International recognition of Israel
• Island of Peace
• Jordan–Palestine relations

{{Reflist}}

• [http://amman.mfa.gov.il/mfm/ArabWeb/Main/MissionHome.asp Embassy of Israel – Amman]
• [https://archive.today/20121218203005/http://www.jordanembassytelaviv.gov.jo/ Embassy of Jordan – Tel Aviv]

{{Foreign relations of Israel}}

{{Foreign relations of Jordan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Israel-Jordan relations}}

Jordan

Category:Bilateral relations of Jordan