:Israeli foreign aid
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Israeli foreign aid relates to the development assistance and humanitarian aid provided by Israel to foreign countries. Israel provides assistance to developing countries to alleviate and solve economic and social problems through its international cooperation program of technical assistance, based on its own recent and ongoing experience in developing human and material resources. Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation, established as an agency of the Israeli Foreign Ministry in 1958 and known by its Hebrew acronym, MASHAV, is the primary vehicle for providing this aid.{{cite book |last1=Benad |first1=Avital |editor1-last=Berenbaum |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Skolnik |editor2-first=Fred |title= Encyclopaedia Judaica |date=2007 |publisher= Keter Publishing House Ltd |volume=10|pages=179-282 |edition=2nd th|chapter=International Aid and Cooperation}}
In the 1970s, Israel broadened its aid agenda by granting safe haven to refugees and foreign nationals in distress from around the world. Since the 1980s, Israel has also provided humanitarian aid to places affected by natural disasters and terrorist attacks. In 1995, the Israeli Foreign Ministry and Israel Defense Forces established a permanent humanitarian and emergency aid unit, which has carried out humanitarian operations worldwide. In addition to providing humanitarian supplies, Israel has also sent rescue teams and medical personnel and set up mobile field hospitals in disaster-stricken areas worldwide.{{cite web |title=Israeli Humanitarian Relief: Mashav - Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation |url=https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Aid/Pages/Israeli%20Humanitarian%20Relief-%20MASHAV%20-%20the%20Israel%20F.aspx |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=4 January 2021}}
Non-government Israeli humanitarian aid organizations, such as IsraAid (The Israel Forum for International Humanitarian Aid), Fast Israeli Rescue and Search Team (FIRST), Israeli Flying Aid (IFA), ZAKA, Save a Child's Heart (SACH) and Latet (Hebrew for "to give") provide various types of aid in foreign countries, complementing or in coordination with the official government aid. They provide humanitarian aid such as search and rescue teams to disaster zones, life saving aid to people affected by natural or man-made disasters, medical aid, disease prevention, urgent pediatric heart surgery and follow-up care for children from developing countries, and food aid.{{cite web |title=Israel on the Frontline of International Aid |url=https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Aid/Pages/Israel_on_frontline_international_aid.aspx |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=4 January 2021}}
Since the inception of its foreign aid programs, the Israel Foreign Ministry reports that as of 2020, Israel has provided international humanitarian aid to over 140 countries or territories, including states with no diplomatic relations with Israel.
History
Israel has provided humanitarian assistance to developing countries in Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, and Central Europe through the activities of Mashav,[http://mashav.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=16210& The Israeli Government's Official Website, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403102535/http://mashav.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=16210& |date=3 April 2014}} the Israeli Center for International Cooperation, created in 1958, with the goal to give developing countries the knowledge, tools, and expertise that Israel gained in its own development, and its ability to "make the desert flourish". This center trains course participants from approximately 140 countries on healthcare, as well as emergency and disaster medicine, and has participated in dozens of projects worldwide in fields economic fields such as agriculture, education, development, employment, and healthcare, as well as humanitarian fields such as disaster relief, reconstruction, and refugee absorption.see Dayan Yoni, Le Mashav – Centre de Coopération International Israélien, 118 p., 2006, available in Irice center for international studies in Paris 1 University and soon in Internet
Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1957, with the establishment of Mashav, the Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation.{{cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/mashav/AboutMASHAV/Pages/Background.aspx |title=About MASHAV |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=20 January 2017}}
There are additional Israeli humanitarian and emergency response groups that work with the Israel government, including IsraAid, a joint programme run by 14 Israeli organizations and North American Jewish groups,Haim Yacobi, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lgQXCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 Israel and Africa: A Genealogy of Moral Geography,] Routledge, 2015 p.113. ZAKA,{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2016-12-01/secretary-generals-remarks-reception-honour-zaka-international |title=Secretary-General's remarks at reception in honour of ZAKA International Rescue Unit [as prepared for delivery] |last=Ki-moon |first=Ban |date=1 December 2016 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=20 January 2017}} The Fast Israeli Rescue and Search Team (FIRST),Ueriel Hellman,[http://www.jta.org/2010/01/19/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/israeli-aid-effort-helps-haitians-and-israels-image "Israeli aid effort helps Haitians – and Israel's image"], Jewish Telegraphic Agency 19 January 2010 Israeli Flying Aid (IFA),{{cite web|url=http://www.israel21c.org/israels-superwoman-takes-flight-to-help-others/|title=Israel's 'superwoman' takes flight to help others – ISRAEL21c|website=Israel21c}} Save a Child's Heart (SACH){{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Wolfson-cardiac-surgeons-save-lives-of-more-Gazan-children-374391|title=Wolfson cardiac surgeons save lives of more Gazan children|website=The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com}} and Latet.{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/earthquake-haiti-latet-organization-deploys-immediate-relief-victims|title=Earthquake in Haiti – Latet Organization deploys for immediate relief to victims|website=ReliefWeb}}
In the 1970s, Israel broadened its aid agenda by granting safe haven to refugees and foreign nationals in distress from around the world. Since the 1980s, Israel has also provided humanitarian aid to places affected by natural disasters and terrorist attacks. In 1995, the Israeli Foreign Ministry and Israel Defense Forces established a permanent humanitarian and emergency aid unit, which has carried out humanitarian operations worldwide.[http://www.mfa.gov.il/ Israeli Humanitarian Relief Operations] – Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117094828/http://mfa.gov.il/ |date=17 January 2009 }} As well as providing humanitarian supplies, Israel has also sent rescue teams and medical personnel and set up field hospitals in disaster-stricken areas worldwide.
Between 1985 and 2015, Israel sent 24 delegations of IDF search and rescue unit, the Home Front Command, to 22 countries.{{cite news|url=http://www.israeltoday.co.il/NewsItem/tabid/178/nid/26634/Default.aspx |date=20 May 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|newspaper=Israel Today|title=When catastrophe strikes the IDF is there to help}} In Haiti, immediately following the 2010 earthquake, Israel was the first country to set up a field hospital capable of performing surgical operations.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3836254,00.html|title=Praise for Israeli mission in Haiti: 'Only ones operating'|first=Yitzhak|last=Benhorin|date=18 January 2010|access-date=25 November 2015|newspaper=Ynet}} Israel sent over 200 medical doctors and personnel to start treating injured Haitians at the scene.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/international-aid-to-haiti-whos-giving/ |title=International Aid to Haiti: Who's Giving|publisher=Cbsnews.com |date=14 January 2010 |access-date=13 October 2013}} At the conclusion of its humanitarian mission 11 days later,Marcy Oster, [http://www.jta.org/2010/01/27/news-opinion/world/israeli-delegation-leaves-haiti Israeli delegation leaves Haiti] Jewish Telegraphic Agency 27 January 2010. the Israeli delegation had treated more than 1,110 patients, conducted 319 successful surgeries, delivered 16 births and rescued or assisted in the rescue of four individuals.{{cite news|url=http://www.israel21c.org/heart-surgery-for-haitian-child/|title=Heart surgery for Haitian child|newspaper=Israel21c|date= 27 January 2010|access-date=24 November 2015}}{{cite news|url=http://www.cjnews.com/news/israel/idf-team-returns-home-haiti|title=IDF team returns from Haiti|newspaper=The canadian Jewish news|date=4 February 2010|access-date=24 November 2015}} Despite radiation concerns, Israel was one of the first countries to send a medical delegation to Japan following the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster.{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4048038,00.html |title=Israeli aid delegation leaves for Japan |website=Ynetnews |date=26 March 2011 |access-date=13 October 2013}} Israel dispatched a medical team to the tsunami-stricken city of Kurihara in 2011. A medical clinic run by an IDF team of some 50 members featured pediatric, surgical, maternity and gynecological, and otolaryngology wards, together with an optometry department, a laboratory, a pharmacy and an intensive care unit. After treating 200 patients in two weeks, the departing emergency team donated its equipment to the Japanese.Kinue Tokudome, [http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Promise-fulfilled-Israeli-medical-team-in-Japan-398509 'Promise fulfilled Israelìs Medical Team in Japan,'] The Jerusalem Post 18 April 2015.