:Kawasaki P-1

File:JMSDF January 2016 (9).jpg

Observing that its fleet of P-3C aircraft had been in service for some time, the JMSDF began searching for a replacement maritime patrol aircraft. Since other similar aircraft produced abroad did not meet the JMSDF's requirements, the development of a purpose-built indigenous aircraft became necessary. The Japanese Defense Agency (JDA) submitted the domestic development of a P-X maritime patrol aircraft as part of its April 2001 – March 2006 Five-Year Defense Plan.[http://www.khi.co.jp/scope/pdf_e/scope73.pdf "Sky-High Expectations for Japan's P-X and C-X Aircraft."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605233419/http://www.khi.co.jp/scope/pdf_e/scope73.pdf |date=2011-06-05 }} Kawasaki Heavy Industries Scope Quarterly Newsletter, No. 73. October 2007. In 2001, following its earlier proposal, the Kawasaki Aerospace Company received prime contractor status for the P-X program, as well as the adjacent C-X program for a next generation cargo aircraft; this selection process occurred almost 30 years since the previous large-scale domestic development of an aircraft in Japan.

The P-X shares some components with the C-X, later designated as the twin-engined Kawasaki C-2, another indigenously developed aircraft to replace the Kawasaki C-1 and C-130H Hercules cargo aircraft. Although the P-X and C-X designs were originally independent, it was decided that having common components to both designs would be useful.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210211081252/http://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/infomation/happyou/genkou/tokubetsu/s2-2.pdf "P-1&C-X development reference paper."] TRDI Defense Technology Symposium, 2007. pp. 4–6. The JDA mandated that the two aircraft share identical body components. Common components include the cockpit windows, outer wings, horizontal stabilizer, and other systems. Internal shared parts include the auxiliary power unit, cockpit panel, flight control system computer, anti-collision lights, and gear control unit. Due to the different roles of the two aircraft, they remain distinctly separate. The sharing of development resources had allowed for a large reduction in overall development costs which, when including the C-2, were reported in 2007 as being {{JPYConvert|345|b|year=2007|showdate=no|ref=[http://www.chunichi.co.jp/hold/2008/ntok0011/list/200711/CK2007111002063769.html "中日新聞:＜蜜月の終焉＞ ミライズに固執:防衛利権 蜜月の構図(CHUNICHI Web)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211083036/http://www.chunichi.co.jp/hold/2008/ntok0011/list/200711/CK2007111002063769.html |date=2009-02-11 }} Chunichi Shimbun, 2008.}}.

In addition to a level of commonality with the C-2, one proposed derivative of the P-1 is a civilian airliner, the proposed project has typically been referred to as the Kawasaki YPX.{{cite web |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw081808p3.xml |title= Kawasaki Studies Advanced, Lightweight Competitor to CSeries |last= Perrett |first= Bradley |date= 15 August 2008 |work= Aviation Week and Space Technology |publisher= McGraw-Hill |access-date= 3 July 2016 |archive-date= 21 May 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521071442/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw081808p3.xml |url-status= dead }} If development is pursued, the YPX would make extensive use of technology and components of the P-1, such as the wingbox, empennage, and fuselage.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-2008-japan-eyes-slice-of-cseries-market-225440/ "FARNBOROUGH 2008: Japan eyes slice of CSeries market."] Flight International, 15 July 2008.Govindasamy, Siva. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/kawasaki-talks-civil-316324/ "Kawasaki talks civil."] Flight International, 23 September 2008.

An indigenously produced turbofan engine, the IHI Corporation F7, was developed to power the P-X.Sobie, Brendan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ihi-backs-ges-cf6-engine-proposal-165985/ "IHI backs GE's CF6 engine proposal."] Flight International, 27 May 2003. In April 2004, the JDA completed a successful evaluation of five XF7 research engines, by which point it was viewed as being the sole candidate powerplant for the P-X program.Sobie, Brendan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-amends-five-year-plan-as-priorities-change-181760/ "Japan amends five-year plan as priorities change."] Flight International, 18 May 2004. In May 2005, the IHI Corporation received a contract for an additional seven XF-7 test engines from the JDA, following the completion of initial tests in December 2004. Four of these engines equipped the first flight test aircraft.Sobie, Brendan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ihi-wins-deal-to-manufacture-more-p-x-engines-197383/ "IHI wins deal to manufacture more P-X engines."] Flight International, 3 May 2005. The Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)-equipped F7 engine had a bypass ratio of 8:1, which was reported as being substantially higher than rivals such as the General Electric CF34-8E.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-reveals-novel-xf7-engine-design-features-202047/ "Japan reveals novel XF7 engine design features."] Flight International, 11 October 2005.

File:P-8A of VP-5 and Japanese Kawasaki P-1 at NAF Atsugi in 2014.JPG, 2014]]

In April 2004, Japan and US extended discussions on potential cooperative efforts on the P-X and US Navy's Multi-mission Maritime Aircraft (MMA) programmes. Options ranged from terminating the P-X program to participate in the US-led MMA program, to incorporating some of the MMA's technology onto the P-X to reduce costs.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-extends-talks-with-usa-180313/ "Japan extends talks with USA."] Flight International, 13 April 2004. The Japanese Defence Ministry opted to persist with the P-X program, stating that: "there was a possibility that foreign aircraft would not satisfy the required capability and there was a possibility that foreign aircraft would not meet the required period of introduction...it is necessary to domestically develop the aircraft". In addition to the P-1, studies were conducted into the use of ship-based UAVs to support maritime aviation activities.Waldron, Greg. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japans-defence-budget-places-premium-on-airpower-394296/ "Japan's defence budget places premium on airpower."] Flight International, 19 December 2013.

Since 2014, Japan has been making approaches to other nations for prospective export sales of the P-1.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dubai-kawasaki-talks-up-its-aerospace-portfolio-418772/ "DUBAI: Kawasaki talks up its aerospace portfolio."] Flight International, 8 November 2015. New Zealand was the first country to which the P-1 had been offered, in what was referred to by a Japanese official as a "one on one fight with Boeing's P-8 patrol plane."{{cite web|title=Japan in talks with New Zealand for defense aircraft|date=3 January 2017|access-date=3 January 2017|publisher=Nikkei|work=Nikkei Asian Review|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Japan-in-talks-with-New-Zealand-for-defense-aircraft}} The P-1 was offered in conjunction with the C-2, to give New Zealand the advantage of commonality for their patrol and transport aircraft. In July 2018, New Zealand selected the P-8 Poseidon instead.

Japanese officials have claimed that the P-1 is a more capable, albeit more expensive, aircraft than the Boeing P-8 Poseidon. In comparison to the P-8, the P-1 has a greater range, a larger bomb bay, and is purpose-built for the maritime patrol mission. Prior to 2015, the P-1 was being procured at a typical rate of one or two aircraft deliveries per year. In 2015, this changed to a bulk order for 20 P-1s, as part of a measure to cut the aircraft's unit costs.Waldron, Greg. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-defence-budget-calls-for-20-p-1s-5-v-22s-407881/ "Japan defence budget calls for 20 P-1s, 5 V-22s."] Flight International, 14 January 2015. By October 2016, 10 P-1s had been delivered to the JMSDF, with 60 or more aircraft needed to replace Japan's P-3C fleet. Production will rise to about five annually.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-aerospace-kawasaki-takes-aim-at-internationa-430286/ JAPAN AEROSPACE: Kawasaki takes aim at international P-1 deals] – Flightglobal.com, 12 October 2016

In September 2023, Kawasaki reported that they are making plans to start a replacement project for the P-1.https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/kawasaki-prepares-p-1-replacement-project

File:F7-IHI-10.JPG

The Kawasaki P-1 is a purpose-built maritime patrol aircraft equipped with four engines. The P-1 is powered by four podded IHI F7-10 turbofan engines underneath the low-set wings. The four-engine low-wing loading design, results in a flight profile with better maneuverability and stability at low-speed, low-altitude flight and allows the aircraft to continue its mission in the event of a single engine failure. As well as greater operational survivability, the high-bypass engines provide for quiet, fuel-efficient operation. The P-1 has reduced transit times in comparison to turboprop-powered competitors. The turbofans are quieter, making it more difficult for submerged submarines to detect it acoustically.

The P-1 is equipped with many newly developed technologies and features, particularly in terms of its avionics and missions systems.{{cite web |url=https://www.sae.org/news/2015/07/rising-sun-breaks-cover-on-japanese-defense-industry |title=Rising sun breaks cover on Japanese defense industry |last=Gardner |first=Richard |publisher=SAE International |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=5 October 2020}} One such key feature is the use of a fly-by-optics flight control system, which essentially replaces standard metal wiring with optical fiber cables. This has the effect of decreasing electro-magnetic disturbances to the sensors, in comparison to more common fly-by-wire control systems. The P-1 is the first production aircraft in the world to be equipped with such a flight control system.[https://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2015-090c/september-a013/japans-p1-leads-defence-export-drive-125e "Tim Huxley: Japan's P-1 leads defence export drive."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003123148/https://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2015-090c/september-a013/japans-p1-leads-defence-export-drive-125e |date=2016-10-03 }} IISS Defence and Military Analysis Programme, 11 September 2015. Various onboard systems are provided by Honeywell, which is the largest non-Japanese supplier to the project, such as the auxiliary power unit, environmental and pressurization control systems, ram air turbine, sonobuoy dispensers and elements of the avionics.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/contracts-181843/ "Contracts."] Flight International, 18 May 2004.Minnick, Wendell. [http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/show-daily/singapore-air-show/2016/02/16/honeywell-outfit-japan-p-1-maritime-aircraft/80440364/ "Honeywell to Outfit Japan P-1 Maritime Aircraft."] Defense News, 16 February 2016.

File:HPS-106 radar for Kawasaki P-1 patrol aircraft.png

The P-1 is equipped with sensors to enable the aircraft to perform its primary purpose of detecting submarines and surface vessels. These include the Toshiba HPS-106 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, which uses three antennas to provide 240 degree coverage, and Fujitsu HAQ-2 Infrared/Light detection systems for surface detection.{{Cite book |last1=Ball |first1=Desmond |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13wwvvt.17 |title=The Tools of Owatatsumi: Japan's Ocean Surveillance and Coastal Defence Capabilities |last2=Tanter |first2=Richard |publisher=ANU Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781925022278 |pages=82|jstor=j.ctt13wwvvt.17 }} The P-1 is furnished with a CAE Inc.-built magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) embedded into the aircraft's tail,[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/contracts-177963/ "Contracts."] Flight International, 24 February 2004. along with deployable sonobuoys, which is used for the detection of submerged submarines. Sophisticated acoustic systems are also used for this purpose. The P-1 has an artificial intelligence (AI) system to assist TACCO operations. Similar to the SH-60K, this advanced combat direction system directs the TACCO operator to the optimal flight course to attack a submarine.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210211045014/http://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/infomation/happyou/genkou/tokubetsu/s2-1.pdf P-1&C-X project reference paper] p. 13. in TRDI Defense Technology Symposium 2007File:Kawasaki P-1 (19753100749).jpgA large bomb bay housed within the main fuselage, similar in size to that of the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod's, contains the bulk of the aircraft's munitions. The bomb bay is supplemented by eight external hardpoints mounted on the wings.P-1 & C-X development reference paper, pp. 12–13.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mod.go.jp/j/info/hyouka/19/jizen/sankou/01.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235349/http://www.mod.go.jp/j/info/hyouka/19/jizen/sankou/01.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Policy assessment's outline paper about P-1's production|archive-date=September 30, 2007}} Weapons available on the P-1 include torpedoes, mines, depth charges, air-to-surface missiles (ASMs), such as the US-built Harpoon, or bombs. Armaments are managed by a Smith Aerospace-built stores management system, which includes a newly developed Universal Stores Control Unit (USCU), capable of accommodating hundreds of different munitions, including future ones and precision weapons.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/versatile-smiths-military-millions-199667/ "Versatile Smiths' military millions."] Flight International, 16 June 2005. Multiple radar warning receivers provide all-round awareness of missile threats, which is combined with a defensive countermeasures suite.

File:JMSDF P-1(5506) which takes off from Iwakuni Air Base 20140914.JPG

In August 2007, the Japanese Ministry of Defense revealed that they would procure four production airframes. The request in the FY2008 budget was {{JPYConvert|67.9|b|year=2008|showdate=no}}, the unit price for each aircraft at US$141.5 million.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mod.go.jp/j/info/hyouka/19/jizen/honbun/01.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230322/http://www.mod.go.jp/j/info/hyouka/19/jizen/honbun/01.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Policy assessment's reference paper about P-1 production|archive-date=September 30, 2007}}[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-japanese-budget-to-include-first-p-x-maritime-pa-216558/ "New Japanese budget to include first P-X maritime patrol aircraft."] Flight International, 10 September 2007. In 2013, the ministry ordered two units for ¥44.5 billion. These P-1s were reported to possess increased detection/discrimination capability, flight performance, information processing capability, and strike capabilities as a successor to the existing P-3C fixed-wing patrol aircraft.[https://www.mod.go.jp/e/d_budget/pdf/241107.pdf "Defense Programs and Budget of Japan: Overview of FY2013 Budget Request."] Japanese Ministry of Defense, September 2012.

In June 2007, Kawasaki rolled out the XP-1, a prototype for the P-X program.Dron, Alan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-transport-and-patrol-pair-from-kawasaki-215016/ "New transport and patrol pair from Kawasaki."] Flight International, 21 June 2007.Hirokawa, Seiji. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan-unveils-military-pair-214389/ "Production fault hits Kawasaki transport and MPA projects."] Flight International, 5 June 2007. The rollout had been delayed for three months due to the discovery of defective rivets provided by a US supplier which required remedial repairs to be performed.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/production-fault-hits-kawasaki-transport-and-mpa-pro-212042/ "Production fault hits Kawasaki transport and MPA projects."] Flight International, 13 February 2007. On 28 September 2007, the XP-1 conducted its maiden flight from Gifu Air Field, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan. This flight lasted about one hour and ended successfully.{{cite web|url=https://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/news/0709.html|title=防衛省技術研究本部|publisher=Technical Research & Development Institute|website=mod.go.jp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925051300/http://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/news/0709.html|archive-date=2008-09-25}} The P-X was redesignated XP-1 at this time. By March 2010, Kawasaki Heavy Industries had delivered four XP-1 maritime patrol test aircraft to Japanese Ministry of Defense. The company stated its aim for type certification to be achieved in time for the formal delivery of the first two aircraft by the end of March 2012.Francis, Leithen. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/japan39s-test-programme-for-maritime-patrol-and-transport-aircraft-under-340035/ "Japan's test programme for maritime patrol and transport aircraft under way."] Flight International, 29 March 2010.

In August 2011, the Japanese Ministry of Defense announced that two aircraft used for ground testing had developed tears in various parts of the craft, including the fuel tank and central part of the fuselage. In response, modifications to reinforce the affected areas were planned.{{cite web

|first=Greg

|last=Waldron

|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/kawasaki-xp-1-develops-cracks-in-ground-testing-360468/

|title=Kawasaki XP-1 develops cracks in ground testing

|publisher=Flightglobal.com

|date=8 August 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930031233/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/08/08/360468/kawasaki-xp-1-develops-cracks-in-ground-testing.html

|archive-date= 30 September 2011

|url-status=dead

}} By October 2012, the problems had been reportedly resolved.Waldron, Greg, [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-china-crisis-adds-urgency-to-japanese-air-377060/ "IN FOCUS: China crisis adds urgency to Japanese air force modernisation."] Flight International, 8 October 2012. On 26 March 2013, Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force took delivery of its first pair of P-1s, ahead of a planned two years of test flights.{{cite news | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/27/business/khi-gives-msdf-first-p-1-antisub-patrol-aircraft/#.UcP7Hj54Zsg | title=KHI gives MSDF first P-1 antisub patrol aircraft | date=27 March 2013 | access-date=21 June 2013| newspaper=The Japan Times Online }} In May 2013, these aircraft were grounded after one developed an unstable combustion condition in some of its engines during mid-flight.{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/06/21/national/new-msdf-patrol-jets-grounded-since-may/#.UcP9yj54Zsg |title=New MSDF patrol jets grounded since May |publisher = The Japan Times |date=21 June 2013 |newspaper=The Japan Times Online }}

File:P-1 01l.jpg

During efforts to sell the aircraft to the UK, a pair of P-1s, one of Air Development Squadron 51Gady, Franz-Stefan. [https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/japan-seeks-to-export-its-new-sub-hunting-plane/ "Japan Seeks To Export its New Sub-Hunting Plane."] The Diplomat, 9 July 2015. and one of Air Patrol Squadron 3Thompson, Paul [http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/jmsdf-squadron-histories JMSDF Squadron Histories] J-HangarSpace Retrieved September 29, 2017 were present for the 2015 Royal International Air Tattoo. One aircraft performed a flying display, while the other was on static display. This was the first time that any Japanese military aircraft had performed in a European flight display.[http://www.airtattoo.com/news/2015/jul/07/japan-makes-air-tattoo-history "Japan Makes Air Tattoo History."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707193719/http://www.airtattoo.com/news/2015/jul/07/japan-makes-air-tattoo-history |date=2015-07-07 }} Royal Air Force Charitable Trust, 7 July 2015.[http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/13378150.Japanese_patrol_planes_to_star_at_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo/ "Japanese patrol planes to star at Royal International Air Tattoo."] Swindon Advertiser, 8 July 2015. After its UK appearance, the P-1s proceeded to the Japan Self-Defense Force Base Djibouti at Ambouli International Airport, Djibouti, to continue with operational trials within tropical and desert climates.[https://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/formal/info/news/201507/20150707-02.pdf "P－1哨戒機のジブチで運用試験実施 及び英国ロイヤル・ンターナ 及び英国ロイヤル・ンターナ 及び英国ロイヤル・ンターナショナル・エアタトゥーへの 参加 について."] Japanese Ministry of Defense, 7 July 2015.

In November 2016, two P-1s in New Zealand to celebrate the Royal New Zealand Navy's 75th anniversary took part in damage surveys, after the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, along with P-3 Orions of the Royal New Zealand Air Force and the United States Navy.[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-11-22/new-zealand-outlines-airlift-maritime-patrol-aircraft-needs New Zealand Outlines Airlift, Maritime Patrol Aircraft Needs November 22, 2016] Retrieved November 23, 2016

In June 2017, a P-1 appeared at the Paris Air Show.{{cite news |last=Osborne |first=Tony |date=June 21, 2017 |title=Double First For Kawasaki P-1 at Paris Air Show |url=http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show-2017/double-first-kawasaki-p-1-paris-air-show |work=Aviation Week |access-date=July 7, 2018 }}

In August 2017, Air Patrol Squadron 3 became the first all P-1 operational squadron.[https://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/atsugi/topics/index.html#equip 厚木航空基地HP トピックス：P－1への移行完了] Retrieved September 28, 2017 {{in lang|ja}}

In December 2018, the Japanese Ministry of Defense alleged that a Gwanggaeto the Great-class destroyer of the South Korean Navy locked its separate target illumination radar onto a P-1 belonging to Air Patrol Squadron 3. The South Korean Navy stated that it had used the radar of an optical camera system, and not a fire control system. The incident led to a diplomatic row between Japan and South Korea.{{cite news |last=Jeong |first=Jeff |date=December 27, 2018 |title=Is "radar feud" sign of future military confrontation between South Korea and Japan? |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2018/12/26/is-radar-feud-sign-of-future-military-confrontation-between-south-korea-and-japan |work=Defense News }}

In 2018, it was reported that Kawasaki was offering the P-1 to France to replace its Breguet Atlantic aircraft.{{cite news |last=Yeo |first=Mike |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Japan eyes Franco-German maritime patrol aircraft requirement despite export setbacks |url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2018/04/25/japan-eyes-franco-german-maritime-patrol-aircraft-requirement-despite-export-setbacks/ |work=Defense News |access-date=July 7, 2018 }}{{cite news |last=Kubo |first=Nobuhiro |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Japan seeks role in French-German marine surveillance plane project: sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-defence-germany-france/japan-seeks-role-in-french-german-marine-surveillance-plane-project-sources-idUSKBN1HW088 |work=Reuters |access-date=July 7, 2018 }}{{cite news |last=Grevatt |first=Jon |date=April 27, 2018 |title=Japan explores P-1 opportunities in Europe |url=http://www.janes.com/article/79632/japan-explores-p-1-opportunities-in-europe |work=Jane's Information Group |access-date=July 7, 2018 }}

On 28 March 2025, when asked Italian Air Force chief Luca Goretti told reporters that the P-1 was an option to fill the current anti-submarine operation gap in its maritime patrol capability.{{Cite web |last=Kington |first=Tom |date=2025-03-28 |title=Italy looks to fighter friend Japan for a new maritime-patrol plane |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2025/03/28/italy-looks-to-fighter-friend-japan-for-a-new-maritime-patrol-plane/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Defense News |language=en}}

In 2016, it was reported that Thailand is considering purchasing the aircraft.[https://thediplomat.com/2016/06/thailand-mulling-purchase-of-japanese-sub-hunting-aircraft/ Thailand Mulling Purchase of Japanese Sub-Hunting Aircraft June 7, 2016] The Diplomat Retrieved December 9, 2016

In 2016, there were reports that Vietnam is considering buying used P-3 Orions from either the JMSDF or the US Navy[http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Vietnam-eyes-secondhand-Japanese-defense-gear http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Vietnam-eyes-secondhand-Japanese-defense-gear June 26, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124154305/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Vietnam-eyes-secondhand-Japanese-defense-gear |date=November 24, 2016 }} Nikkei Asian Review or the Kawasaki P-1.[http://globalriskinsights.com/2015/08/vietnams-defence-boom-entices-global-firms/ Vietnam's Defence Boom Entices Global Firms August 5, 2016] Retrieved November 24th 2016[https://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2015-090c/september-a013/japans-p1-leads-defence-export-drive-125e Tim Huxley: Japan's P-1 leads defence export drive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003123148/https://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2015-090c/september-a013/japans-p1-leads-defence-export-drive-125e |date=2016-10-03 }} Military Balance Blog Retrieved November 24, 2016

In 2018, the P-1 was reportedly offered to Germany as a replacement for its P-3C Orion aircraft. In September 2020, Germany was no longer considering the P-1 due to concerns the aircraft would not be able to achieve military type certification within a required five years time frame.{{cite news |title=Germany drops Kawasaki P-1 from selection list |url=http://alert5.com/2020/09/08/germany-drops-kawasaki-p-1-from-selection-list/ |agency=Alert5 |date=8 September 2020}}

In January 2015, it was reported that Tokyo was holding a series of defence talks with the United Kingdom to ascertain a possible sale of P-1s to the Royal Air Force, to replace their recently retired fleet of Hawker Siddeley Nimrod patrol aircraft. The proposal was part of a wider initiative to lower restrictions on Japanese military exports. It was claimed that Britain may consider jointly manufacturing the type, and that the nation could retain rights over related radar and sensor technologies.Kelly, Tim and Nobuhiro Kubo. [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-uk-arms-exclusive-idUSKBN0KG0WG20150107 "Exclusive: Japan seeks to sell sub-hunting jet to UK as Abe pushes arms exports."] Reuters, 7 January 2015. In November 2015, the UK announced it would buy the Boeing P-8 Poseidon instead of the Kawasaki P-1.{{cite news |title=PM pledges £178 billion investment in defence kit |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-pledges-178-billion-investment-in-defence-kit |agency=UK Ministry of Defence |date=23 November 2015}}{{cite news|title=National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/478933/52309_Cm_9161_NSS_SD_Review_web_only.pdf|access-date=23 November 2015|agency=UK Ministry of Defence|date=23 November 2015}}

New Zealand requested information on the P-1 and Kawasaki C-2 to meet the country's patrol and transport aircraft needs. This request was met with unclassified information in September 2016 and a more detailed proposal including purchase price, manufacturing arrangements, and maintenance complete by mid-2017. This put the P-1 in direct competition with the P-8. On July 9, 2018 it was announced that New Zealand had selected the P-8.{{Cite web|url=https://pro.newsroom.co.nz/articles/3513-govt-signs-off-2b-nzdf-plane-deal|title=Govt signs off $2b NZDF plane deal by Sam Sachdeva - Newsroom Pro|last=Sachdeva|first=Sam|website=Newsroom Pro|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094236/https://pro.newsroom.co.nz/articles/3513-govt-signs-off-2b-nzdf-plane-deal|archive-date=2018-07-09|url-status=dead}}

;{{JPN}}

:As of March 2022, the JMSDF operated 33 P-1s.[https://web.archive.org/web/20221206231056/https://www.mod.go.jp/j/publication/wp/wp2022/pdf/R04shiryo.pdf Defence of Japan 2022 (Annual White Paper). p.53.] Japan Ministry of Defence

• Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
• Air Development Squadron 51, 2013–present
• Air Patrol Squadron 3, 2015–present

File:'Peacock 501' Atsugi route 4 departure.jpg

• XP-1: Prototype, later reclassified as UP-1 and assigned to Air Development Squadron 51{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
• YPX: A cancelled two-engine airliner variant
• Electronic warfare variant: Variant under research

File:Kawasaki P-1, Atsugi Naval Air Facility.jpg

File:JMSDF P-1(5506) Body rear in Iwakuni Air Base 20140914.JPG, Japan, 2014]]

File:5504-Kawasaki-P-1-Fairford2015-4685.jpg, England, 2015]]

File:3 JMSDF Kawasaki P-1 in flight with Mount Fuji in the background.jpg]]

{{Aircraft specs

| ref = flightglobal.com{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/10/01/217430/video-japans-kawasaki-xp-1-patrol-aircraft-makes-first.html|title=VIDEO: Japan's Kawasaki XP-1 patrol aircraft makes first flight|author=Reed Business Information Limited|work=flightglobal.com}}{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/aircraft/kawasaki_p1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106071658/http://www.military-today.com/aircraft/kawasaki_p1.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=November 6, 2015|title=Kawasaki P-1 Maritime Patrol Aircraft - Military-Today.com|last=ARG|website=www.military-today.com}}

| prime units? = met

| crew = flight crew: 3
Mission crew: 8{{cite web|title=【航空部隊】これが哨戒機「P-1」|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8Mq-cr-lEs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/F8Mq-cr-lEs |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|website=YouTube|access-date=23 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web|title=MPX / P-X / P-1 Maritime Patrol Aircraft Follow-on|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/p-x.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|access-date=23 May 2017}}

| length m = 38

| length note =

| span m = 35.4

| span note =

| height m = 12.1

| height note =

| wing area sqm =

| wing area note =

| aspect ratio =

| airfoil =

| empty weight kg =

| empty weight note =

| gross weight kg =

| gross weight note =

| max takeoff weight kg = 79700

| max takeoff weight note =

| fuel capacity =

| more general =

| eng1 number = 4

| eng1 name = IHI F7-10

| eng1 type = turbofan engines

| eng1 kn = 60

| eng1 note =

| max speed kmh = 996

| max speed note =

| cruise speed kmh = 833

| cruise speed note =

| stall speed kmh =

| stall speed note =

| never exceed speed kmh =

| never exceed speed note =

| minimum control speed kmh =

| minimum control speed note =

| range km = 8000

| range note =

| combat range km = 2500

| combat range note =

| ferry range km =

| ferry range note =

| endurance =

| ceiling m = 13520

| ceiling note =

| g limits =

| roll rate =

| climb rate ms =

| climb rate note =

| time to altitude =

| wing loading kg/m2 =

| wing loading note =

| fuel consumption kg/km =

| thrust/weight =

| more performance =

| guns =

| bombs =

| rockets =

| missiles =

| hardpoints = 8, 2x on each wing and 2x on each wing root. Eight internal bomb bay stations

| hardpoint capacity = {{cvt|9000|kg|0}} +

| hardpoint rockets =

| hardpoint missiles =

• AGM-84 Harpoon
• ASM-1C
• AGM-65 Maverick

| hardpoint bombs =

• mines
• depth charges

| hardpoint other =

• MK-46
• Type 97 torpedo
• Type 12 torpedo
• 30+ pre-loaded sonobuoys, 70+ sonobuoys deployable from inside

| avionics = * Radar: Toshiba, Active Electronically Scanned Array radar system

• Sonar: NEC, multi-static sound navigation system sound
• Anti-submarine systems: SHINKO ELECTRIC CO.LTD., Advanced combat direction system
• Data-link: Kawasaki, data link system
• Other: Mitsubishi Electric, Electronic countermeasures (CMD, RWR, MWS, ESM), Combat Direction System

}}

{{External media|topic= |width=20% |float=right |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWfa0J9nnmQ Footage of the P-1's first flight in September 2007] |video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3JEdQ7Op8I Video of P-1 taxiing, taking off, and landing] |video3=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etvnhoo4yG8 A P-1 performing a flight display at RIAT 2015]}}

{{Portal|Japan|Aviation}}

{{Aircontent

|related=

• Kawasaki C-2
• Kawasaki YPX

|similar aircraft=

• BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4
• Boeing P-8 Poseidon
• Bombardier Aerospace DHC-8-MPA-D8
• Breguet Atlantic
• EADS CASA C-295 MPA
• Ilyushin Il-38
• Lockheed P-3 Orion
• Shaanxi KQ-200

|lists=

• List of military aircraft of Japan

|see also=

}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://global.kawasaki.com/en/mobility/air/aircrafts/p_1.html Kawasaki P-1 webpage]
• [https://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/ Technical Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense (Japanese)]
• [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraftsearch=Kawasaki%20XP-1&distinct_entry=true Pictures of Kawasaki XP-1]

{{Kawasaki aircraft}}

{{JSDF aircraft designations}}

P-1

Category:2000s Japanese patrol aircraft

Category:Quadjets

Category:Low-wing aircraft

Category:Aircraft first flown in 2007

Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear