:Louise Richardson

{{Short description|Irish political scientist (born 1958)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific_prefix = Dame

| name = Louise Richardson

| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE|FRSE}}

| image = Louise Richardson.jpg

| caption = Richardson in January 2009

| office = President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York

| term_start = January 2023

| term_end =

| predecessor = Vartan Gregorian

| successor =

| office1 = Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford

| chancellor1 = The Lord Patten of Barnes

| term_start1 = 1 January 2016

| term_end1 = 31 December 2022

| predecessor1 = Andrew Hamilton

| successor1 = Irene Tracey

| office2 = Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of St Andrews

| chancellor2 = The Lord Campbell of Pittenweem

| term_start2 = 6 January 2009

| term_end2 = 31 December 2015

| predecessor2 = Brian Lang

| successor2 = Dame Sally Mapstone

| birth_name = Louise Mary Richardson

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1958|6|8}}

| birth_place = Tramore, Ireland

| citizenship = Ireland, United States, United Kingdom

| death_date =

| death_place =

| spouse = {{marriage|Thomas Jevon|1988}}

| children = 3

| education = Trinity College Dublin (BA)
University of California, Los Angeles (MA)
Harvard University (MA, PhD)

| awards = Levenson Memorial Teaching Award (2000)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2010)
Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Centennial Medal (2013)
Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (2016)
Honorary member of Royal Irish Academy (2016)
Member of American Philosophical Society (2017)

| module = {{Infobox scientist

|embed = yes

|thesis_title = Managing Allies and Being Managed by Alliances: Suez and the Falklands

|thesis_url = http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002177658/catalog

|thesis_year = 1988}}

}}

Dame Louise Mary Richardson {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE|FRSE}} (born 8 June 1958{{Who's Who |title=Richardson, Prof. Louise Mary |id=U249874 |volume=2016 |edition=online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}}{{Cite web |date=8 June 2011 |title=Birthdays today |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2011-6-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609075526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2011-6-8.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2014 |website=The Daily Telegraph |quote=Dr Louise Richardson, Principal and Vice–Chancellor, University of St Andrews, 53}}) is an Irish political scientist whose specialist field is the study of terrorism.{{YouTube|TxwNOZQZzLk|UCBerkeleyEvents, Conversations with History Video on What Terrorists Want}} In January 2023, she became president of the philanthropic foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York.{{Cite web |title=Getting to Know Dame Louise Richardson with Judy Woodruff |url=https://www.carnegie.org/our-work/article/getting-know-our-new-president-dame-louise-richardson/ |access-date=13 February 2023}} In January 2016, she became the first female vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford,{{Cite web |title=Vice-Chancellor |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor |access-date=4 January 2016 |publisher=University of Oxford}} having formerly been the principal and vice-chancellor of the University of St Andrews, and as the executive dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. Her leadership at the University of Oxford played an important role in the successful development of a vaccine to combat COVID-19.{{Cite news |date=2021-11-14 |title=Oxford's vice-chancellor on the subtle science of crisis management |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c833d226-3cde-4969-ac38-7bea2045708c |access-date=2022-05-12}}{{Cite journal |last=Bodroghkozy |first=Aniko |date=2017-04-20 |title=Prime Time, Good Times |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036682.003.0009 |journal=University of Illinois Press |volume=1 |doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252036682.003.0009|url-access=subscription }}

Life

Richardson grew up in Tramore, County Waterford, one of seven children of Arthur and Julie Richardson.[http://www.wit.ie/about_wit/our_community/honorary_fellow_dr._louise_richardson "Honorary Fellow: Dr Louise Richardson"]. Waterford Institute of Technology; retrieved 28 May 2015. After attending primary school at The Star of the Sea convent girls' school in Tramore, and St Angela's Secondary School, Ursuline Convent, Waterford, In 1976, she received a Rotary Scholarship to study at the University of California for one year, then returned to Trinity College, Dublin to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree in history in 1980.

As an undergraduate, Richardson was a student activist and chair of the campus Anti-Apartheid Society, which opposed the South African government's racist policies{{Cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Colm |date=September 21, 2017 |title=Dear Fresher Me Louise Richardson |work=The University Times |url=https://universitytimes.ie/2017/09/louise-richardson/}}{{Cite news |last=de Barra |first=Conn |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Incoming vice chancellor of Oxford criticises under-representation of women in academia |work=Trinity News |url=http://trinitynews.ie/2015/11/incoming-vice-chancellor-of-oxford-criticises-under-representation-of-women-in-academia/}}

After Trinity College, Dublin, Richardson took an MA degree in political science from UCLA in 1981, followed by a move to Harvard, where she received a Master of Arts degree in government in 1984 and a PhD in 1989 on how allies manage crises in which interests diverge, relating specifically to the Falklands War and Suez Crisis.{{Cite thesis |last=Richardson |first=Louise Mary |title=Managing allies and being managed by alliances: Suez and the Falklands |date=1988 |degree=PhD |publisher=Harvard University |url=http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002177658/catalog |oclc=23368823}}

Based on her earlier involvement with the anti-apartheid movement, Richardson joined the supporters who travelled to Johannesburg in 1985 with the Dunnes Stores strikers — Irish workers who had walked off the job after refusing to handle fruit from South Africa.

{{Cite news |last=de O'Clery |first=Conor |date=July 11, 1985 |title=IUnder the gun in the belly of the beast |work=Trinity News}} Archbishop Desmond Tutu had invited the group to see the living conditions under apartheid, but when they landed in the country, they were detained at the airport by armed security guards. The workers were denied entry, creating an international uproar,{{Cite news |date=July 19, 2014 |title=This day 30 years ago the Dunnes Stores anti-apartheid strike began |work=The Journal |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/30-years-dunnes-stores-strike-1579724-Jul2014//}} while Richardson and two researchers stayed on to conduct interviews on conditions,{{Cite news |title=T18 JUL 1985: MADLALA, PROTAS |work=O'Malley The Heard of Hope |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv00017/04lv00344/05lv00345/06lv00348.htm}} working alongside the South African Council of Churches.{{cite podcast |title=The Pandemic People: Dame Louise Richardson DBE FRSE|website=University of Oxford Podcasts|publisher=University of Oxford |date=23 June 2023 |time=40:40 |url=https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/pandemic-people-dame-louise-richardson-dbe-frse |access-date=6 July 2023}}

She is married to Thomas Jevon, a physician based in Massachusetts.{{Cite web |last=York |first=Carnegie Corporation of New |title=Dame Louise Richardson {{!}} Carnegie Corporation of New York |url=https://www.carnegie.org/about/staff/dame-louise-richardson/#:~:text=She%20is%20married%20to%20Thomas,They%20have%20three%20adult%20children. |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241204030140/https://www.carnegie.org/about/staff/dame-louise-richardson/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Carnegie Corporation of New York |language=en}} They have three adult children.{{Cite web |last=York |first=Carnegie Corporation of New |title=Dame Louise Richardson {{!}} Carnegie Corporation of New York |url=https://www.carnegie.org/about/staff/dame-louise-richardson/#:~:text=She%20is%20married%20to%20Thomas,They%20have%20three%20adult%20children. |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241204030140/https://www.carnegie.org/about/staff/dame-louise-richardson/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Carnegie Corporation of New York |language=en}}

Career

=Harvard University=

From 1989 to 2001, Richardson was as an assistant professor and then associate professor in the Department of Government at Harvard University.{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Vice-Chancellor |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor |access-date=27 May 2016 |publisher=University of Oxford}} During this period she was also for eight years head tutor and chair of the board of tutors (Director of Undergraduate Studies) in the Department of Government.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}} Richardson continued to work in numerous administrative capacities at Harvard, including the Faculty Council and various committees concerned with undergraduate education, the status of women, and human rights.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

Richardson's academic focus was on international security with an emphasis on terrorist movements in the 1990s. When Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences presented its Centennial Award for distinguished alumni to Richardson in 2013, the official citation noted her contributions to the field: "The lessons she began to teach us — before we knew how much we needed them — grow more relevant with each new incident of terror our world faces."

Richardson taught Harvard's large undergraduate lecture course, Terrorist Movements in International Relations, for which she won the

Levenson Prize, awarded by the undergraduate student body to the best teachers at the university. This class, along with a number of graduate courses on terrorist movements and European terrorism, were for many years the only courses offered on the subject at Harvard. Richardson also received teaching awards from the American Political Science Association and Pi Sigma Alpha for outstanding teaching in political science; the Abramson Award in recognition of her "excellence and sensitivity in teaching undergraduates" and many awards from the Bok Center for Teaching Excellence.{{Cite web |title=Honorary Fellow: Dr. Louise Richardson |url=https://www.wit.ie/about_wit/our_community/honorary_fellow_dr._louise_richardson |access-date=5 May 2023}}

=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study=

In July 2001, Richardson was appointed executive dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.{{Cite web |date=2001-07-19 |title=Louise Richardson named Radcliffe's executive dean |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2001/07/louise-richardson-named-radcliffes-executive-dean/ |access-date=2021-03-10 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}} She was instrumental in the transformation of Radcliffe, after it formally merged with Harvard University in 1999.{{Cite news |last=Goldberg |first=Carey |date=21 April 1999 |title=Radcliffe Packing Up and Going to Harvard |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/21/us/radcliffe-packing-up-and-going-to-harvard.html |access-date=20 June 2023}} Richardson helped turn the former women's college into an interdisciplinary center promoting scholarship across a wide range of academic fields and the creative arts.{{Cite web |date=2013-05-29 |title=The 2013 Centennial Medalists |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2013/05/centennial-medalists |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Harvard Magazine |language=en-US}} According to the Radcliffe Quarterly, Richardson was central to all administrative and academic activities. She managed the budget, infrastructure, and staff, while also overseeing a dramatic, multiyear renovation of three iconic buildings: the Schlesinger Library, the Radcliffe Gym, and Byerly Hall.{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=The Path of a President |url=https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:427992536$79i |access-date=2023-06-20 |work=Radcliffe Quarterly}}{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Richardson Named to Lead University of St. Andrews |url=https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:427992538$74i |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Harvard Library Viewer}}

Richardson's scholarly profile at Radcliffe increased after the September 11 attacks, and her expertise helped to shield Harvard from criticism about the paucity of its terrorism course offerings.{{Cite web |date=2013-05-29 |title=The 2013 Centennial Citations |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2013/05/centennial-citations |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Harvard Magazine |language=en-US}} Richardson was asked to give lectures to a variety of audiences – policymakers, the military, intelligence agencies and business communities – as well as testifying before the US Senate.{{Cite web |last=Erdal |first=Jennie |date=6 March 2009 |title=A professor's bold thinking on terrorism |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d1b83d06-0863-11de-8a33-0000779fd2ac |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=Financial Times}} She continued to teach, both at Harvard College and Harvard Law School, and to write extensively.

==Author of ''What Terrorists Want''==

In 2006, Richardson authored her first of several books,{{Cite web |title=Prof Dame Louise Richardson |url=https://www.kellogg.ox.ac.uk/our-people/louise-richardson/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Kellogg College, Oxford |language=en-US}} What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat, about the roots of terrorism and the

Bush Administration's counterterrorism policies. The New York Times called it "the overdue and essential primer on terrorism and how to tackle it,"{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=10 Sep 2006 |title=Threat Assessment |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/10/books/review/Walker.t.html |access-date=12 May 2023}} while the Financial Times said it was a rare academic work, “a bestseller with no trade-off between accessibility and scholarly rigour.” And the New York Review of Books commented: “One would like to see the entire US national security establishment frog-marched into Richardson's Terrorism 101.”{{Cite news |last=Rodenbeck |first=Max |date=30 November 2006 |title=How Terrible Is It? |work=The New York Review of Books |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2006/11/30/how-terrible-is-it/ |access-date=20 June 2023}}

=University of St. Andrews=

In 2009, Richardson was appointed principal of the University of St Andrews, succeeding Brian Lang. Her installation took place on 25 March 2009.{{Cite web |date=25 March 2009 |title=Installation of Principal and Vice-Chancellor |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/principal/Installation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530031103/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/principal/installation/ |archive-date=30 May 2015 |access-date=8 June 2015 |publisher=St-andrews.ac.uk |df=dmy-all}} She is the first woman, as well as the first Roman Catholic in modern times, to occupy the position.{{Cite news |last=Bonner |first=Raymond |date=7 March 2009 |title=In Scotland, New Leadership Crumbles Old Barrier |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/28/world/europe/28richardson.html |access-date=8 June 2015}} She was appointed professor of international relations at St Andrews in November 2010.{{Cite web |title=The Principal and Vice-Chancellor: Professor Louise Richardson FRSE |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/administration/principalsoffice/members/principal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515022240/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/administration/principalsoffice/members/principal/ |archive-date=15 May 2015 |access-date=8 June 2015}}

==Private clubs and gender equality==

Unlike previous principals, Richardson was not granted honorary membership to the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, which was all-male. Richardson spoke out about how the membership policies interfered with fundraising and the values of the university.{{Cite news |last=Crouse |first=Karen |date=2014-07-11 |title=In St. Andrews, a Heavy Knock on a Neighbor's Door |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/12/sports/golf/first-female-president-of-university-of-st-andrews-fights-for-admittance-at-royal-and-ancient-golf-club.html |access-date=2020-05-31 |issn=0362-4331}} Richardson characterized her general disapproval of elite, private clubs saying, "I understand people's desire to want to surround themselves with people like themselves. Where it becomes a problem, it seems to me, is when that group of people have access to a unique set of privileges from which others are excluded at birth."{{Cite news |last=Macleod |first=Fiona |date=2009-04-10 |title=Principal cuts ties with ancient club and brands men-only membership 'sexist' |work=The Scotsman |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/327298004 |access-date=2023-05-31|id={{ProQuest|327298004}} }} Richardson's concerns helped mobilize a drive to admit women, and in 2014, members of the golf club voted to change the policy.{{Cite news |last=Crouse |first=Karen |date=2014-09-18 |title=A 260-Year-Old Shrine Unlocks Its Doors to Women |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/19/sports/golf/royal-and-ancient-golf-club-votes-to-admit-women.html |access-date=2020-05-31 |issn=0362-4331}}

In 2009, Richardson took another controversial stand by withdrawing official recognition of the Kate Kennedy Club. The all-male student organization hosted an annual parade and fundraiser that was known for being drunken and rowdy.{{Cite news |date=2009-04-10 |title=Leader: Merit in offering young offenders a positive path out of trouble |work=The Scotsman |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/327321262 |access-date=2023-06-01 |issn=0307-5850|id={{ProQuest|327321262}} }} Richardson wrote, "The official endorsement of any club or society which excludes people because of their gender or race would be completely at odds with the values of this university and our commitment to foster an open and inclusive international community of scholars and students at St. Andrews."{{Cite news |last=Cramb |first=Auslan |date=2009-04-10 |title=A point of principal : University chief gives all-male club a dressing down |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/321712258 |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0307-1235|id={{ProQuest|321712258}} }}

==600-year anniversary and fundraising==

Between 2011 and 2013, Richardson oversaw a range of activities surrounding the 600-year anniversary. As part of the celebrations, she joined a relay team of cyclists traveling 1600 miles to retrace the route of the institution's founding documents known as the papal bulls. They were issued by Pope Benedict XIII in 1413 and carried from Peniscola in Spain to St. Andrews in an historic journey that the cyclists recreated by pedalling 60 miles per day.{{Cite news |last=McRoberts |first=Kevin |date=2013-08-09 |title=Anniversary marked by 1600-mile journey |work=Fife Today |url=https://www.fifetoday.co.uk/}}

Richardson leveraged the anniversary to pursue a $150 million fundraising campaign that she had inherited.{{Cite news |last=Linklater |first=Magnus |date=2013-03-02 |title=Louise Richardson: 'We survived because people in past were forward looking' |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/science/article/louise-richardson-we-survived-because-people-in-past-were-forward-looking-k69pm3tgwg7 |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0140-0460}}

She enlisted alumni, including the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge — Prince William and Princess Kate, who hosted a dinner at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, raising more than $3 million toward student scholarships.{{Cite news |last=Ross |first=Shan |date=2014-12-11 |title=Big Apple delivers £ 2.2m gift to St. Andrew |work=The Scotsman |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1635077781 |access-date=2023-06-01|id={{ProQuest|1635077781}} }} Richardson also invited Scottish screen legend Sir Sean Connery to produce a film about St. Andrews and then persuaded the actor to come out of retirement to appear in production. The documentary "Ever to Excel"{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2020 |title=Ever to Excel (2012) - Trailer |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcnoujWT0EY |access-date=May 31, 2023 |publisher=YouTube}} premiered in 2012 as part of a fundraiser in New York City.{{Cite web |date=2012-05-12 |title=Sean Connery tells the story of St Andrews |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/sean-connery-tells-the-story-of-st-andrews/ |access-date=May 31, 2023}}

In separate efforts, Richardson raised private and government funds to allow St Andrews to purchase a former papermill in the nearby village of Guardbridge in 2010{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2010 |title=University secures future of paper mill |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/university-secures-future-of-paper-mill/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |publisher=University of St Andrews}} and to convert it into a $35 million-dollar green energy center.{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2015 |title=Spades of potential |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/spades-of-potential/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |publisher=University of St Andrews}} Richardson also raised more than $2 million to fund St. Andrews's acquisition of a beloved local church in 2012.{{Cite web |date=April 2, 2015 |title=Scottish Civic trust recognises "sanctuary for learning and research" |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/scottish-civic-trust-recognises-sanctuary-for-learning-and-research/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |publisher=University of St Andrews}} The vacant Martyrs Kirk church was transformed into a postgraduate library and a special collections reading room.{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2016 |title=Research library named after former Principal |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/research-library-named-after-former-principal/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |publisher=University of St Andrews}}

Richardson insisted universities should not be afraid to look abroad for support from legitimate donors and charities. She rebuffed criticisms over donor influence saying, "Any academic who tailors research to suit a donor is not worthy of the name."{{Cite news |last=Richardson |first=Louise |date=2011-05-05 |title=Universities mustn't be afraid to look abroad for funding |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/science/article/universities-mustnt-be-afraid-to-look-abroad-for-funding-3npfqx7lmv9 |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0140-0460}}

==Rankings and student access==

Under Richardson, investments in research resulted in the opening of a new school of medical and biological sciences in 2010,{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2010 |title=First Minister opens gateway to medical discovery |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/first-minister-opens-gateway-to-medical-discovery/ |access-date=June 1, 2023 |publisher=University of St Andrews}} and similar investments were credited with helping to improve St. Andrews' national and international rankings. They reached as high as 85 worldwide on the Times Higher Education list of 2012{{Cite web |title=World University Rankings 2011/12 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2012/world-ranking |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=Times Higher Education |date=13 April 2015 }} and as high as 39 for scientific performance on the Leiden Ranking of 2014.{{Cite web |title=CWTS Leiden Ranking 2014 |url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=CWTS Leiden Ranking}}

Richardson focused on St. Andrew's global brand and its ability to attract international students. She also prioritized increasing access among students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In 2015, after seven years as principal, the number of pupils on outreach programmes was 1772, up from 235 in 2008, the year before she took over.{{Cite news |last=Denholm |first=Andrew |date=2015-05-29 |title=Principal Louise Richardson criticises 'interfering' SNP as she leaves St Andrews for Oxford |work=The Herald; Glasgow(UK) |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13215788.principal-louise-richardson-criticises-interfering-snp-leaves-st-andrews-oxford/ |access-date=2023-06-06}}

==Freedom of speech==

In 2014, just before the referendum on Scottish independence, it was revealed that Richardson had resisted pressure by then First Minister Alex Salmond to tone down her comments on the impact of Scottish independence on research universities, and resisted pressure from Salmond to issue a statement praising the SNP government.{{Cite news |last=Riley-Smith |first=Ben |date=2014-09-16 |title=Revealed: Alex Salmond personally pressurised St Andrews University head over independence concerns |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scottish-independence/11100754/Revealed-Alex-Salmond-personally-pressurised-St-Andrews-University-head-over-independence-concerns.html |access-date=2020-05-31 |issn=0307-1235}}

To protect her academic staff from external pressures to support the Scottish government's position in the referendum, Richardson issued a statement saying they were free to state their personal opinions, insisting that the public looked to universities for reasoned debate. In 2015, Richardson again criticized the Scottish government, saying it was interfering with the running of higher education institutions and creating an excessive regulatory bureaucracy.{{Cite news |last=Denholm |first=Andrew |date=2015-05-29 |title=Principal Louise Richardson criticises 'interfering' SNP as she leaves St Andrews for Oxford |language=en-GB |work=The Herald (Glasgow) |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13215788.principal-louise-richardson-criticises-interfering-snp-leaves-st-andrews-oxford/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |issn=0965-9439}}

These incidents helped define Richardson as a "champion of free thought" with a "ferocious independent spirit" according to a column about her tenure at St. Andrews published in The Daily Telegraph of London.{{Cite news |last=Conchrane |first=Alan |date=2015-05-30 |title=Scotland is losing a champion of free thought |work=The Daily Telegraph}}

=University of Oxford=

On 28 May 2015, the University of Oxford announced that Richardson had been nominated as the next vice-chancellor, subject to approval, to take up the post on 1 January 2016.{{Cite web |title=Professor Louise Richardson nominated as next Vice-Chancellor |date=28 May 2015 |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2015-05-28-professor-louise-richardson-nominated-next-vice-chancellor |access-date=8 June 2015 |publisher=University of Oxford}} The nomination was approved on 25 June 2015,{{Cite news |date=25 June 2015 |title=Declaration of approval of the appointment of a new Vice-Chancellor |page=659 |work=Oxford University Gazette |publisher=University of Oxford |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2014-2015/25june2015-no5102/congregation/#209928 |access-date=28 June 2015}} and Richardson became the university's first female vice-chancellor in January 2016.{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Richard |date=5 January 2016 |title=Oxford vice-chancellor: 'Tackling elitism can be done. I mean, I went to a rural school in Ireland' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/jan/05/oxford-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-university-admissions |access-date=6 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}} She was also an Honorary Fellow at Kellogg College, Oxford.{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson |url=http://www.kellogg.ox.ac.uk/discover/people/louise-richardson/ |access-date=27 July 2018 |publisher=Kellogg College}}

==Institutional reforms==

In October 2017, Richardson claimed that Oxford University was in need of reform, stating that the current system gives rise to "a waste of resources" and a "duplication of bureaucracy".{{Cite news |last=Turner |first=Camilla |date=10 October 2017 |title=Oxford University's college system is in need of reform, vice-Chancellor says |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/10/10/oxford-universitys-college-system-need-reform-vice-chancellor}} At her annual Oration, she stated, "We all know that change occurs slowly at Oxford…but the world is changing rapidly around us, and I believe that if we stand still we will enter a period of slow but definite decline." By 2022, Richardson was still advocating for her "One Oxford agenda" to encourage collaboration between the central university and the university's 39 financially independent and self-governing colleges.{{Cite web |title=Talking leadership 46: Louise Richardson on academic precarity and elitism |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/talking-leadership/talking-leadership-46-louise-richardson-academic-precarity-and-elitism |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Times Higher Education |date=18 October 2022 }}

==Funding and fundraising==

In an interview with the Daily Telegraph in July 2019 Richardson addressed the issue of higher education funding in the UK, noting that "Our American competitors are so far ahead of us in fundraising".{{Cite news |last=Stanford |first=Peter |date=18 July 2019 |title='I'm not ashamed that Oxford is an elite institution – but we are not elitist' |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/not-ashamed-oxford-elite-institution-not-elitist/ |access-date=2019-08-27 |issn=0307-1235}} Her approach was to explore alternative sources of funding, including investments from the capital markets, public-private partnerships, and philanthropic support.

In December 2017, Oxford raised £750 million through a century bond issuance (increased to £1 billion in 2020).{{Cite news |title=Oxford university raises £750m with 100-year bond |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c2780904-36db-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4 |access-date=2020-07-16 |website=Financial Times|date=14 January 2020 |last1=Stubbington |first1=Tommy |last2=Gross |first2=Anna }} It was a first for the university and the biggest amount raised this way by a UK university.{{Cite news |last=Coughlan |first=Sean |date=1 December 2017 |title=Oxford raises £750m from private investors |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-42201171 |access-date=2019-08-27}} Richardson helped negotiate several major partnerships for Oxford: In 2017, Novo Nordisk invested £115 million in a new research center focused on type 2 Diabetes;{{Cite web |date=2017-01-30 |title=Novo Nordisk enters collaboration with University of Oxford on type 2 diabetes |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2017-01-30-novo-nordisk-enters-collaboration-university-oxford-type-2-diabetes |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Oxford News & Events}} in 2019, Legal and General agreed to invest £4 billion in staff housing and science facilities; and in 2021, manufacturing company Ineos donated £100 million to establish a center for research into the global issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR){{Cite web |date=2021-01-19 |title=£100 MILLION DONATION FROM INEOS TO FIGHT ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE |url=https://www.alumni.ox.ac.uk/article/100-million-donation-from-ineos-to-fight-antimicrobial-resistance |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Oxford Alumni}}

As part of the Oxford Thinking Campaign, Richardson continued a fundraising campaign that started in 2004 and culminated in 2019 with £3.3 billion in gifts from more than 170,000 donors.{{Cite web |title=The Transformational Impact of the £3 Billion Oxford Thinking Campaign |url=https://www.case.org/awards/case-platinum-awards/2020/transformational-impact-ps3-billion-oxford-thinking-campaign |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=Council for Advancement and Support of Education}} In 2019, Richardson secured a £185 million donation from US billionaire Stephen Schwarzman to fund humanities research at the University of Oxford{{Cite news |date=27 February 2023 |title=Construction of the Schwarzman Centre gets underway |language=en-GB |work=University of Oxford News & Events |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-02-27-construction-schwarzman-centre-gets-underway |access-date=2023-04-19}}—the largest single donation since the Renaissance.{{Cite web |date=2019-06-19 |title=University announces unprecedented investment in the Humanities |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2019-06-19-university-announces-unprecedented-investment-humanities#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20Oxford%20today,the%20University%20since%20the%20Renaissance |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Oxford News & Events}} In 2020, she also secured an £80 million donation from the Reuben Foundation to create Oxford's 39th college, Reuben College, to support applied research.{{Cite news |title=Reuben brothers fund new Oxford college with £80m donation |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e3b482e9-033f-4145-9d37-0f49344ec141 |access-date=2020-07-16 |website=Financial Times|date=10 June 2020 |last1=Jack |first1=Andrew }}

Richardson opposed Brexit and the United Kingdom's break with the European Union due to concerns over missing out on billions of dollars in EU research funding and collaborations and the agreement's impact on students and staff.{{Cite news |last=O'Mahony |first=Jeremiah |date=10 May 2018 |title=Oxford vice chancellor slams Brexit research funding proposals |language=en |work=Cherwell |url=https://cherwell.org/2018/05/10/oxford-vice-chancellor-slams-brexit-research-funding-proposals/ |access-date=2023-06-12}} In 2022, she said "Twenty years from now, we'll look back and see the results of this gradual erosion of our links with European research."{{Cite news |title=Louise Richardson: 'I do wish our students were more resilient about nasty remarks' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b6e002a6-4fab-49c5-977b-a6f49d38d52e |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Financial Times|date=5 December 2022 |last1=Mance |first1=Henry }}

==Admissions among underrepresented groups==

As part of efforts to broaden access to the University of Oxford, Richardson pushed for transparency in admissions.{{Cite web |last=Jenner |first=Max |date=2018-05-24 |title=Oxford University releases its first annual admissions report |url=https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2018/05/24/oxford-university-releases-its-first-annual-admissions-report/ |website=The Oxford Student}}

She committed the university to ensuring that by 2023, 25% of the British students admitted will be from underrepresented backgrounds – compared to 15% as of 2019.{{Cite news |last=Coughlan |first=Sean |date=2019-05-21 |title=Oxford University promises 25% of places to deprived |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-48336059 |access-date=2020-08-30}} Oxford was nearing its goal by the end of 2022 when Richardson said students from the most deprived backgrounds represented 23% of school entrants while the percentage of student from state schools had reached 68%, up from 56% in 2015.{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Richard |date=11 November 2022 |title=State-educated students driving up competition and diversity at Oxford, says outgoing VC |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/nov/26/louise-richardson-oxford-university-state-educted-students-competition-diversity |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=The Guardian}} Richardson said, "It is a picture of progress on a great many fronts, but with work remaining to be done."{{Cite web |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=23 May 2018 |title=Oxford Lifts the Veil on Race, Wealth and Privilege |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/world/europe/oxford-university-admissions.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=The New York Times}}

==Advocacy==

In October 2020, Richardson announced the launch of the Race Equality Task Force{{Cite web |title=Race Equality Task Force |url=https://edu.admin.ox.ac.uk/task-force/ |website=University of Oxford}} to address the under-representation of racial minorities at all levels within the university. Staff and students were invited to help shape recommendations to address the problem.{{Cite web |title=Task Force launched to address racial inequality at Oxford |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-11-08-task-force-launched-address-racial-inequality-oxford |website=University of Oxford|date=8 November 2020 }} In March 2021, Richardson announced the establishment of the Oxford Sustainability Fund to make £200 million available for sustainability initiatives over the next fifteen years with the goal of net zero carbon and biodiversity net gain by 2035.{{Cite web |last=Godding |first=Nicky |date=March 24, 2021 |title=Oxford University's ambitious environmental sustainability strategy approved |url=https://thebusinessmagazine.co.uk/esg/oxford-universitys-ambitious-environmental-sustainability-strategy-approved/ |access-date=June 13, 2023 |website=the business magazine (UK) |language=en}}

Amid the 2019-20 Hong Kong protests, Richardson was recognized for her leadership and advocacy. Richardson was "admirably robust when threatened by the Chinese embassy with the withdrawal of Chinese students from Oxford unless she stopped its chancellor Chris Patten visiting Hong Kong", and was noted as having "more balls than any male [Vice-Chancellor]".{{Cite news |title=Universities must stand up to Chinese pressure |language=en-GB |work=Financial Review |url=https://www.afr.com/work-and-careers/education/universities-must-stand-up-to-chinese-pressure-20191110-p5394r |access-date=26 August 2020}}

==Development of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine==

Starting in early 2020, Oxford took a leading international role in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting a Financial Times profile of Richardson's crisis management style. The article highlighted the vice-chancellor's preference for informality and flexibility and her quick coordination and funding of an emergency research programme led by a group of medical and life sciences professors. "Its best known achievements were the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and the Recovery trial of potential Covid treatments, which together may have saved millions of lives worldwide."{{Cite web |last=Cookson |first=Clive |date=14 November 2021 |title=Oxford's vice-chancellor on the subtle science of crisis management |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c833d226-3cde-4969-ac38-7bea2045708c |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Financial Times}}

By Spring 2021, the partnership with AstraZeneca had produced more vaccines than any other developer, about a third of the world's 1.47 bn administered doses, and with the widest distribution both geographically and across global income groups.{{Cite web |last=Louise |first=Richardson |date=18 May 2021 |title=Time for other vaccine makers to follow Oxford/AstraZeneca's lead |url=https://www.ft.com/content/65856fab-e394-4407-adf9-63edd8acdad3 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Financial Times}} As part of the collaboration, Richardson made distribution of the vaccine as a nonprofit venture a condition of the deal, and as a result, the vaccine will be available at cost in perpetuity in low and middle-income countries. It was distributed at cost in the developed world for the duration of the pandemic.{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Louise |date=18 May 2021 |title=Time for other vaccine makers to follow Oxford/AstraZeneca's lead |url=https://www.ft.com/content/65856fab-e394-4407-adf9-63edd8acdad3 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Financial Times}} Richardson told the Sunday Times that the vaccine demonstrated the need for long-term thinking when it comes to funding and for "blue-skies research that will have an impact that we can't anticipate now."{{Cite web |last=McCall |first=Alastair |date=20 September 2020 |title=Good University Guide: Oxford named University of the Year 2021 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk-university-rankings/article/university-of-the-year-2021-oxford-university-is-uk-s-best-place-to-study-7z0rkbjf6 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=The Times}} In a 2023 interview, Richardson said the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was the target of cyber threats and a deliberate misinformation campaign intended to destabilize relations among Western countries.

In February 2022, Times Higher Education summarized Richardson's achievements noting Oxford's COVID-19 vaccine development, charitable fundraising, student access, and an inclination to stand up to "unparalleled media scrutiny."{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Rosa |date=3 February 2022 |title=Heavy lies the Oxbridge crown |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/depth/heavy-lies-oxbridge-crown |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Times Higher Education}}

In October 2022, Times Higher Education released its annual World University Ranking, and Oxford broke a record for the publication's rankings with seven straight years in the top spot, coinciding with Richardson's seven years in the top job. Oxford was followed by Harvard University while the University of Cambridge and Stanford University tied for third place.{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Oxford University named world's top university for the 7th consecutive year |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-10-12-oxford-university-named-world-s-top-university-7th-consecutive-year#:~:text=Oxford%20is%20the%20first%20university,in%20place%20in%202010%2F11. |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=University of Oxford News}}{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=THE World University Rankings 2023 Released |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/press-releases/world-university-rankings-2023-released#:~:text=12%20October%202022&text=The%20UK's%20University%20of%20Oxford,for%20the%20seventh%20consecutive%20year. |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Times Higher Education}}

==Higher education strike in United Kingdom==

In 2018, the trade union representing more than 100,000 staff at universities across the United Kingdom went on strike in a labour dispute that was still underway by the end of the 2022–23 academic year.{{Cite web |date=7 June 2023 |title=University strikes: What impact will marking boycott have? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-59415694 |publisher=BBC News}} In late February 2018, the University of Oxford was among the universities whose support for cuts to the national lecturers' pension scheme triggered a 14-day strike. A resolution to revert the decision was spearheaded by six Oxford academics, including Karma Nabulsi and Robert Gildea. On Tuesday, 6 March 2018, Richardson used a technicality to upend a debate on the plans.{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Rosemary |date=7 March 2018 |title=Vice-chancellor Louise Richardson blocks Oxford bid to resolve lecturers' strike |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-blocks-oxford-bid-to-resolve-lecturers-strike-jxjs7gfkp}} At a meeting of Congregation, the governing body of Oxford, 20 members and supporters of Richardson stood up as the resolution was introduced, thereby blocking the debate. Academics then held an unofficial vote outside, which delivered a result of 442 for and 2 against.{{Cite news |last=Burns |first=Judith |date=7 March 2018 |title=Oxford U-turn in university pension cut dispute |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-43316336}} Richardson herself stated that she had been absent from the event due to having "scheduled a trip to New York". An initial offer on her part for a non-binding "town hall discussion" as a replacement for the debate was rejected.{{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Richard |date=6 March 2018 |title=Oxford University blocks staff attempts to challenge pension cuts |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/06/oxford-university-blocks-challenge-to-staff-pension-cuts-proposals-universities-strike}}

The following day, Richardson sent out an email to staff in which she stated that "In the light of the depth of feeling of so many colleagues, we will convene a special meeting of council today at noon" at which it would be recommended that the university's council "reverse its response to the UUK survey in line with the congregation's resolution".{{Cite news |last=Dimbleby |first=Fred |date=7 March 2018 |title=Vice chancellor u-turns on UCU strike |work=Cherwell |url=http://cherwell.org/2018/03/07/vice-chancellor-in-ucu-strike-u-turn/}}

==Finances and criticism==

Richardson's salary was criticised as excessive in 2017 (quoted as £410,000).{{Cite news |title=Why does Oxford's £410,000-a-year vice-chancellor feel so hard done by? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/shortcuts/2017/sep/05/louise-richardson-oxford-410000-a-year-vice-chancellor |access-date=2020-07-07}} Richardson was separately criticized for abuse of expenses, including claiming £70,000 in a single year on travel and dining as vice-chancellor.{{Cite news |title=Oxford University vice-Chancellor has spent £70,000 on expenses since taking up post last year, figures show |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/10/27/oxford-university-vice-chancellor-has-spent-70000-onexpenses/ |access-date=2020-07-07}} Richardson publicly lists her expenses on the university website.{{Cite news |title=Expenses and travel/subsistence |language=en-GB |work=University of Oxford |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor/news/expenses |access-date=26 August 2020}} They revealed that her annual expenses totaled about £20,000.{{Cite news |title=Revealed: how Richardson splashes the cash on flights, hotels, and hospitality |language=en-GB |work=Cherwell |url=https://cherwell.org/2017/10/27/revealed-how-richardson-splashes-cash-on-flights-hotels-and-hospitality/ |access-date=2023-04-10}}

During the COVID-19 pandemic, she received further criticism for retaining her salary while University of Oxford staff were put on furlough on full salary.{{Cite news |title=Staff furloughed, top officials keep high salaries |language=en-GB |work=Cherwell |url=https://cherwell.org/2020/05/02/staff-furloughed-top-officials-keep-high-salaries/ |access-date=2020-07-07}} In June 2022, Richardson announced that all Oxford full-time staff would be given a one-time bonus of £1,000 (US$1240) to recognize their "commitment and dedication" through the pandemic.{{Cite news |title=Oxford University staff to get £1k 'thank you' bonus |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-61722303/ |access-date=2023-06-13}} In November 2022, Richardson announced a one-time payment to staff of at least £800 in response to the cost of living crisis.{{Cite news |title=Exceptional non-consolidated payment |language=en-GB |work=University of Oxford |url=https://hr.admin.ox.ac.uk/exceptional-payment |access-date=13 June 2023}}{{Cite news |last=Sommerlad |first=Joe |date=2022-11-17 |title=Every payment to help with the cost of living crisis due in November |language=en-GB |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/cost-of-living-payments-november-2022-b2226974.html |access-date=2023-06-13 |issn=1741-9743}}

==Criticisms==

In September 2017, Richardson attracted criticism from students,{{Cite news |last=Lanagan |first=Roisin |date=5 September 2017 |title=Oxford's LGBTQ+ students respond to vice-chancellor's defence of homophobia |work=Vice Magazine |url=https://i-d.co/article/oxfords-lgbtq-students-respond-to-vice-chancellors-defence-of-homophobia/}}{{Cite news |last=Parker |first=Naomi |date=6 September 2017 |title=Richardson's comments are not just offensive – they're dangerous |work=Cherwell |url=http://cherwell.org/2017/09/06/richardsons-comments-are-not-just-offensive-theyre-dangerous/}} academics, politicians, and the British press{{Cite news |date=6 September 2017 |title=Oxford University's vice-chancellor says comments were 'misconstrued' |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-41175331}} for remarks made in defence of academic freedom that were interpreted by critics as a defence of academics holding anti-gay views towards students.{{Cite news |last1=Mintz |first1=Luke |last2=Turner |first2=Camilla |date=5 September 2017 |title=Oxford student union offers emotional 'support' for those affected by vice-Chancellor's 'snowflake' comments |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/09/05/oxford-student-union-offers-emotional-support-affected-vice/}}{{Cite news |last=Riley |first=Charlotte Lydia |date=5 September 2017 |title=Oxford head wants gay students to debate homophobic teachers |work=Dazed |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/37279/1/oxford-university-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-homophobia-comments-students}}{{Cite news |last=Thorpe |first=JR |date=7 September 2017 |title=The Vice-Chancellor of Oxford Defended Homophobia, & That Shows How Misunderstood Safe Spaces Are |work=Bustle |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/the-vice-chancellor-of-oxford-defended-homophobia-that-shows-how-misunderstood-safe-spaces-are-81242}} Richardson was previously involved in debates around free speech and around attempts by university students to bar some speakers from campuses.{{Cite news |last=Anthony |first=Andrew |date=2016-01-24 |title=Is free speech in British universities under threat? |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/24/safe-spaces-universities-no-platform-free-speech-rhodes |access-date=2020-05-31 |issn=0029-7712}} At the University of St. Andrews, Richardson encouraged academics to share their views on the independence referendum{{Cite web |title=Scottish independence: 'Speak out', says uni chief |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/scottish-independence-speak-out-says-uni-chief-1553153 |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}} and in her first few months at Oxford University she voiced the view that higher education was not meant to be a comfortable experience and that students ought to engage with views they found objectionable.{{Cite news |last=Hurst |first=Greg |title=Students must value free speech, warns new Oxford vice-chancellor |language=en |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/education/article/students-must-value-free-speech-warns-new-oxford-vice-chancellor-5r7zj2796 |access-date=2020-05-31 |issn=0140-0460}} In 2021 Richardson said: "All legal speech should be permitted at a university. When push comes to shove, I would defend any legal speech here however objectionable I find it."{{Cite news |last1=King |first1=Samuel |last2=Chau |first2=Jason |title="I wish we were appreciated more" – Vice Chancellor Dame Louise Richardson on Leaving Oxford |language=en |work=The Oxford Student |url=https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2022/11/18/i-wish-we-were-appreciated-more-vice-chancellor-dame-louise-richardson-on-leaving-oxford/ |access-date=2023-06-13}}

Richardson's comments in June 2020 during the Black Lives Matter protests attracted further public criticism.{{Cite news |title='Oxford University's Cecil Rhodes statue row deepens as dons accuse vice-chancellor of 'inappropriate' Mandela comments' |language=en-GB |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/oxford-university-cecil-rhodes-statue-protests-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-a9571331.html |access-date=2020-07-07}} She suggested that Nelson Mandela would not have wanted the controversial statue of Cecil Rhodes removed, explaining that the South African anti-apartheid leader was a man of "deep nuance" who would have opposed attempts to "hide history."{{Cite news |title='Oxford dons' rebellion over vice-chancellor's 'inappropriate' Mandela claims' |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/06/16/oxford-vice-chancellor-accused-making-unwarranted-inappropriate/ |access-date=2020-07-07}} Richardson insisted that views from the past need to be judged in the context of their time with an understanding of why people believed as they did.{{Cite news |title=Don't hide history, says Oxford head in statue row |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-52999319 |access-date=2023-04-10}}

=Carnegie Corporation of New York=

In November 2021, it was announced that Richardson would become the next president of Carnegie Corporation of New York in January 2023, at the end of her 7-year term as Oxford vice-chancellor.{{Cite web |last=Havergal |first=Chris |date=18 November 2021 |title=Louise Richardson to leave Oxford for Carnegie Corporation |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/louise-richardson-leave-oxford-carnegie-corporation |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=Times Higher Education}}{{Cite web |date=18 November 2021 |title=Carnegie Corporation of New York Appoints Louise Richardson, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, as President |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/carnegie-corporation-york-appoints-louise-140000431.html |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=Yahoo Finance |agency=Business Wire}} As the philanthropic foundation's 13th president, she oversees one of the United States' leading philanthropic foundations, established in 1911 by Scottish immigrant and American industrialist Andrew Carnegie. Richardson had been on the board of trustees since 2012.{{Cite news |last=Ford |first=Celeste |date=2021-11-18 |title=Carnegie Corporation of New York Appoints Louise Richardson as President |language=en-GB |url=https://www.carnegie.org/news/articles/carnegie-corporation-new-york-appoints-louise-richardson-president/ |access-date=2023-04-10}}

=Consultative Forum on International Security Policy=

In June 2023, Richardson chaired the Irish Government's Consultative Forum on International Security Policy.{{Cite web |date=30 May 2023 |title=Consultative Forum Programme |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/39289-consultative-forum-programme/#chair-of-the-forum-louise-richardson-dbe |website=www.gov.ie}} Comments by the President of Ireland on Richardson's DBE in an interview with the Business Post, led to President Higgins apologising for any offence caused.{{Cite news |title=President Michael D Higgins apologises to Prof Louise Richardson for 'throwaway remark' |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/06/19/president-michael-d-higgins-apologises-to-prof-louise-richardson-for-throwaway-remark/ |newspaper=The Irish Times}} The President had criticised the huge number of military personnel involved in the forum, and cautioned against Ireland "drifting" into NATO.{{Cite web |title=Michael D Higgins exclusive: Ireland is 'playing with fire' in 'dangerous drift' towards Nato |url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-d-higgins-exclusive-ireland-is-playing-with-fire-in-dangerous-drift-towards-nato/ |url-access=registration |website=Business Post}} The final report, Consultative Forum: Chair's Report {{Cite web |title=Consultative Forum: Chair's Report |date=17 October 2023 |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/36bd1-consultative-forum-chairs-report/ |access-date=18 January 2024}} consisted of Richardson’s analysis of the four days of discussions and over

800 submissions and was delivered to the government in October 2023.{{Cite web |title=Statement by Tánaiste on publication of the report of the Consultative Forum on International Security Policy |date=17 October 2023 |url=https://diplomat.ie/index.php/2023/10/17/statement-by-tanaiste-on-publication-of-the-report-of-the-consultative-forum-on-international-security-policy/ |access-date=18 January 2024}} In an interview, Richardson said, “Foreign policy and international security are really important but tend to be reserved, as most matters of high politics do, to smaller and smaller groups meeting in closed rooms. So the idea of having a very public debate about Ireland’s

role in the world, I thought was really quite admirable.” {{Cite news |title=An offhand comment : Louise Richardson on the President's broadside in the neutrality debate |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=16 December 2023 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/12/16/an-offhand-comment-louise-richardson-on-the-presidents-broadside-in-the-neutrality-debate/ |access-date=18 January 2024}}

Research

Richardson is the author of [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/153951/what-terrorists-want-by-louise-richardson/ What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat], an account of terrorism written after the September 11 attacks. Other publications include [https://link.springer.com/book/9780333664513 When Allies Differ: Anglo-American Relations in the Suez and Falkland Crises]; [https://www.routledge.com/The-Roots-of-Terrorism/Richardson/p/book/9780415954389 The Roots of Terrorism] (ed); and [https://www.usip.org/publications/2007/01/democracy-and-counterterrorism/ Democracy and Counterterrorism: Lessons from the Past]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} (co-edited with Robert Art). She has also published many journal articles, book chapters, and reviews on the subject of terrorism.{{Cite news |date=July 22, 2015 |title=Restoration, Education, and Coordination: Three Principles to Guide U.S. Counterterrorism Efforts Over the Next Five Years |url=https://www.acslaw.org/wp-content/uploads/old-uploads/originals/documents/Restoration-Education-Coordination.pdf |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=American Constitution Society |last=Richardson |first=Louise}}{{Cite news |date=July 1, 1999|title=The Concert of Europe and Security Management in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/the-concert-of-europe-and-security-management-in-the-nineteenth-century(b411be98-08ea-4761-944a-31acc175ca87).html |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=University of St Andrews |last=Richardson |first=Louise}}{{cite news|last=Richardson|first=Louise|date=3 August 2021|title=A Fuller Picture of Osama bin Laden's Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/03/books/review/the-rise-and-fall-of-osama-bin-laden-peter-bergen.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=17 July 2023}}

Between 2001 and 2008, in addition to her teaching and management roles, Richardson gave over 300 talks and lectures on terrorism and counter-terrorism to educational and private groups as well as policy makers, the military, intelligence, and business communities.{{Cite web |title=Professor Louise Richardson: Biography |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/principal/biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920202415/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/principal/biography/ |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=10 December 2015}} She has lectured on the subject of terrorism and counter-terrorism to public,{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2017 |title=Terrorism and Education in 18 Minutes |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyrBaDPDRZA |access-date=13 April 2023 |via=YouTube}} professional,{{Cite web |date=Dec 4, 2013 |title=Terrorism at St. Andrews: Principal Dr. Louise Richardson at TEDx |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRg_8YnMQs4 |access-date=13 April 2023 |via=YouTube}} media{{Cite web |date=Dec 31, 201 |title=Michael Littleton Memorial Lecture |url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/21112737/ |access-date=13 April 2023 |publisher=RTE}} and education groups{{Cite web |date=Sep 21, 2007 |title=Conversations With History - Louise Richardson |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxwNOZQZzLk |access-date=13 April 2023 |via=YouTube}} across the world. She has testified before the United States Senate{{Cite web |title=Counterterror initiatives in the terror finance program : hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first and second sessions, on counterterror initiatives in the terror finance program, focusing on the role of the anti-money laundering regulatory regime in the financial war on terrorism, better utilization of technology, increased information sharing, developing similar international standards, and the formation of the Terrorist Financing Operations Section (TFOS), September 25, October 22, 2003, April 29, and September 29, 2004 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/776019716 |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=COUNTERTERROR INITIATIVES IN THE TERROR FINANCE PROGRAM}} and has appeared on CNN,{{Cite web |title=Scotland's role in UK terrorism fight |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2014/09/19/amanpour-scotland-role-louise-richardson-intv.cnn |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=CNN|date=19 September 2014 }} the BBC Desert Island Discs,{{Cite web |title=Professor Louise Richardson |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07cmmk8 |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=BBC Desert Island Discs}} PBS NewsHour,{{Cite web |title=How will Scotland's vote change the U.K. power balance? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeCNepCtZzA |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=PBS NewsHour}} NPR,{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Really Big Vote: Can Women Join St. Andrews Golf Club? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/09/15/348715036/scotlands-really-big-vote-can-women-join-st-andrews-golf-club |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=NPR}} Fox{{Cite web |title=Oxford University to help disadvantaged gain admission |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/oxford-university-to-help-disadvantaged-gain-admission |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=Fox News|date=21 May 2019 }} and a host of other broadcast outlets. Her work has been featured in numerous international periodicals (Foreign Affairs{{Cite journal |title=Universities Fill the Void |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-04-09/universities-fill-void |access-date=13 April 2023 |journal=Foreign Affairs|date=9 April 2020 |last1=Richardson |first1=Louise }} and Financial Times{{Cite news |title=How to tackle terrorism, by Oxford university's vice-chancellor |url=https://www.ft.com/content/31449a28-51d3-11e7-a1f2-db19572361bb |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=Financial Times|date=21 June 2017 |last1=Roberts |first1=Hannah }}).

=Published works=

  • {{Cite book |title="What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat" |vauthors=((Richardson, Louise)) |date=2006 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9780812975444}}
  • {{Cite book |title="The Roots of Terrorism" |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415954389 |veditors=((Richardson, Louise))}}
  • {{Cite book |title="When Allies Differ: Anglo-American Relations During the Suez and Falklands Crises" |vauthors=((Richardson, Louise)) |date=1996 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9781349245048}}
  • {{Cite book |title="Democracy and Counterterrorism" |vauthors=((Art, Robert; Richardson, Louise)) |date=2007 |publisher=United States Institute of Peace Press |isbn=9781929223947}}

Awards and honours, and boards

=Awards=

In 2009 Richardson received the Trinity College Dublin Alumni Award.[https://www.tcd.ie/Communications/news/news.php?headerID=1324&vs_date=2009-11-1 "Trinity College Alumni Awards 2009"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185218/https://www.tcd.ie/Communications/news/news.php?headerID=1324&vs_date=2009-11-1 |date=8 December 2015 }}, Trinity College Dublin communications office, November 2009

In 2013 Harvard University awarded Richardson the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Centennial Medal.{{Cite web |date=29 May 2013 |title=GSAS Awards 2013 Centennial Medal |url=http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/scholarly_life/gsas-awards-2013-centennial-medal.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527222940/http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/scholarly_life/gsas-awards-2013-centennial-medal.php |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=27 May 2016 |publisher=The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University}} In 2016, she received the inaugural Emily Winifred Dickson award from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, which recognises women who have made an outstanding contribution to their field.{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson, Vice-Chancellor of University of Oxford, receives Inaugural Emily Winifred Dickson award from RCSI - Royal College Surgeons in Ireland |url=http://www.rcsi.ie/index.jsp?p=164&n=2553&a=9007 |access-date=2018-03-28 |website=www.rcsi.ie| date=23 September 2016 }}

Richardson has been awarded numerous other prizes including Harvard's Sumner Prize{{Cite web |date=5 May 1886|title=The Sumner Prize |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1886/5/5/the-sumner-prize-an-annual-prize/|access-date=10 July 2023|website=News.harvard.edu}}{{Cite web |date=19 July 2001 |title=Harvard Gazette: Louise Richardson named Radcliffe's executive dean |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2001/07/louise-richardson-named-radcliffes-executive-dean/|access-date=10 July 2023|website=News.harvard.edu}} in 1989 for her doctoral dissertation on the prevention of war and the establishment of universal peace. Her excellence in teaching undergraduates at Harvard was recognized in 1989 with the Abramson Award.{{Cite web |date=5 September 2019|title=Two receive Roslyn Abramson Award |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/09/two-receive-roslyn-abramson-award-for-excellence-in-teaching-undergrads/|access-date=10 July 2023|website=News.harvard.edu}} In 2000, she won the Levenson Prize, which is awarded annually by the student body to the best teacher in the college.{{Cite web |date=12 May 2005|title=Levenson Teaching Prizes awarded |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/05/levenson-teaching-prizes-awardedthey-could-be-called-the-above-and-beyond-the-call-of-duty-prizes-one-student-described-this-years-winner-of-the-senior-faculty-levenson-teaching-prize-kathlee/|access-date=10 July 2023|website=News.harvard.edu}}

Richardson was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for attracting more undergraduates from disadvantaged backgrounds to University of Oxford and to University of St Andrews, and for securing the partnership with AstraZeneca for the production and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine developed at University of Oxford.{{Cite web |date=Jun 2, 2022 |title=Queen's Birthday Honours Recognise Service from Vice-Chancellor and Oxford Colleagues |url=https://www.alumni.ox.ac.uk/article/queens-birthday-honours-recognise-service-from-vice-chancellor-and-oxford-colleagues |access-date=13 April 2023}}

In 2022, the Dame Louise Richardson Chair in Global Security was created at Oxford's Blavatnik School of Government in her honor.{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2022 |title=New Chair in Global Security Named After Vice Chancellor Louise Richardson |url=https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/news/new-chair-global-security-named-after-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson |access-date=3 November 2023}}

Business & Finance honored Richardson in Ireland with the Sutherland Leadership Award in 2023 in recognition of her contributions to higher education and for her instrumental role in developing the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine.{{Cite web |date=Oct 12, 2023 |title=Dame Louise Richardson to be honoured with Sutherland Leadership Award at Business & Finance Awards |url=https://businessandfinance.com/news/dame-louise-richardson-to-be-honoured-with-outstanding-leadership-award-at-this-years-business-finance-awards/ |access-date=16 January 2024}}

=Honorary doctorates and fellowships=

In 2013, Richardson received an honorary doctorate from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO).{{Cite web |date=12 November 2013 |title=MGIMO bestows Honorary Doctorate on Professor Louise Richardson |url=http://english.mgimo.ru/new2/261-mgimo-bestows-honorary-doctorate-on-professor-louise-richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101512/http://english.mgimo.ru/new2/261-mgimo-bestows-honorary-doctorate-on-professor-louise-richardson |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=English.mgimo.ru}} In 2015 she received honorary doctorates from the University of Aberdeen[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates/summer-2015-367.php "University of Aberdeen Honorary Graduates - Summer 2015"], University of Aberdeen, Summer 2015 and Queen's University Belfast.{{Cite web |title=Queen's University Belfast | Graduation 2016 | Professor Louise Richardson and Rona Fairhead CBE |url=http://www.qub.ac.uk/home/Graduation/HonoraryGraduates/ProfessorLouiseRichardsonandRonaFairheadCBE/ |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=Qub.ac.uk}} and awarded honorary doctorates by Trinity College Dublin,{{Cite web |title=Registrar : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland |url=https://www.tcd.ie/registrar/honorary-degrees/2016-17/ |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=www.tcd.ie}} and the University of St Andrews,{{Cite web |title=Laureation Address: Professor Louise Richardson |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2016/title,565013,en.php |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=University of St Andrews}} and the University of the West Indies. In 2017, Richardson received an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh,{{Cite web |title=Winter graduations |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/winter-graduations |access-date=10 July 2023|publisher=University of Edinburgh}} and in 2018, she received an honorary degree from the University of Notre Dame and spoke as the primary speaker at the Notre Dame Graduate School Commencement Ceremony.{{Cite web |last=Dame |first=Marketing Communications: Web // University of Notre |title=Oxford vice-chancellor Louise Richardson to speak at Graduate School Commencement |url=https://news.nd.edu/news/oxford-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-to-speak-at-graduate-school-commencement/ |access-date=2019-10-24 |website=Notre Dame News |date=23 April 2018 |language=en}} In 2022, Richardson received an honorary doctorate from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.{{Cite web |title=Nine Extraordinary Individuals Honored by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev |url=https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/pages/news/posthondocs_2022.aspx |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=Ben-Gurion University of the Negev}} In 2023, she received a Doctor Honoris Causa from the Université Grenoble Alpes.{{Cite web |title=Doctorat Honoris Causa of Université Grenoble Alpes: six eminent international figures honored |url=https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/english/doctorat-honoris-causa-of-universite-grenoble-alpes-six-eminent-international-figures-honored-1317071.kjsp?RH=2320611992758370 |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=Université Grenoble Alpes}}

Richardson has been elected to numerous honorary fellowships. Among them, a senior fellowship to Harvard's Center for European Studies in 2015, an honorary fellowship to Trinity College Dublin in 2016,{{Cite web |date=11 April 2016 |title=TRINITY MONDAY 2016- FELLOWS AND SCHOLARS |url=https://www.tcd.ie/Secretary/FellowsScholars/2016/index2016.php |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=www.tcd.ie |publisher=Trinity College Dublin}} and an honorary fellowship to both St Hugh's College, Oxford and Reuben College, Oxford in 2022 during her final year as vice chancellor of the university.{{Cite web |title=Professor Dame Louise Richardson Elected to Reuben Honorary Fellowship |url=https://reuben.ox.ac.uk/article/professor-dame-louise-richardson-elected-reuben-honorary-fellowship |access-date=13 April 2023}}

=Learned societies=

In 2010 Richardson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE),{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2010 |title=Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/press/2010/Election_of_new_fellows.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208131059/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/press/2010/Election_of_new_fellows.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 |website=royalsoced.org.uk |publisher=Royal Society of Edinburgh |location=Edinburgh}} In 2016, named an honorary member of the Royal Irish Academy. In 2016 she was also elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,{{Cite web |title=Vice-Chancellor elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=20 April 2016 |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2016-04-20-vice-chancellor-elected-american-academy-arts-and-sciences |access-date=27 May 2016 |publisher=University of Oxford}} and also named a fellow of the National Academy of Social Sciences.{{Cite web |title=Three Oxford academics are new Fellows of Academy of Social Sciences |date=7 March 2016 |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2016-03-07-three-oxford-academics-are-new-fellows-academy-social-sciences |access-date=27 May 2016 |publisher=University of Oxford}} In 2017, Richardson was elected member of the American Philosophical Society.{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson|url=https://es.weforum.org/people/louise-richardson |access-date=10 July 2023|publisher=World Economic Forum}}

=Nonprofit boards and government appointments=

In 2014, Richardson joined the board of trustees of the Booker Prize Foundation,{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson|url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/judges/louise-richardson |access-date=10 July 2023|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation}} and in 2019, she joined the board of The Sutton Trust.{{Cite web |date=10 October 2019 |title=Oxford VC joins Sutton Trust Board of Trustees |url=https://www.suttontrust.com/newsarchive/oxford-vc-joins-sutton-trust-board-of-trustees/}} Richardson has been on the boards of a number of other non-profit groups including the Central European University,{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2017 |title=Oxford Vice-Chancellor Louise Richardson Joins CEU Board, Expresses Support |url=https://www.ceu.edu/article/2017-04-03/oxford-vice-chancellor-louise-richardson-joins-ceu-board-expresses-support |access-date=10 July 2023 |publisher=Central European University}} Carnegie Corporation of New York[https://www.carnegie.org/about/trustees-and-staff/ "Trustees and Staff"], Carnegie Corporation of New York and the EastWest Institute (to October 2015).{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson | EastWest Institute |url=http://www.eastwest.ngo/profile/louise-richardson |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=Eastwest.ngo}} She was on the editorial boards of a number of journals and presses, including the Oxford University Press.

Among her roles on advisory boards, in 2023 Richardson accepted positions with the Blavatnik School of Government at University of Oxford{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson |url=https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/people/louise-richardson |access-date=10 July 2023 |website=bsg.ox.ac.uk/}} and the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.{{Cite web |title=Louise Richardson |url=https://wcfia.harvard.edu/people/louise-richardson |access-date=10 July 2023 |website=wcfia.harvard.edu/}}

In 2011 Richardson was appointed to the Scottish Government's Council of Economic Advisers.[http://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/vAllPrint/B88041B94FC2BDD88025793F003DA65C?OpenDocument "Council of Economic Advisers"], Scottish Government, 4 November 2011 In 2012, ahead of the centenary in 2014 of the outbreak of World War One, she was appointed to the Scottish Commemorations Panel.[http://www.scotland.org/whats-on/ww100scotland/scottish-commemorations-panel "About the Scottish Commemorations Panel |Mun Phannal Cuimhneachain Albannach"], Scottish Commemorations Panel In 2023, Richardson was named the independent chair of the Consultative Forum on International Security Policy in Ireland.{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023|title=Tánaiste launches Public Consultation on International Security Policy |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/86b41-tanaiste-launches-public-consultation-on-international-security-policy/|access-date=10 July 2023|website=www.gov.ie/en/}}

References