:Ludhiana

{{Expand section|date=September 2024}}

During the period of Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, a fort was built at modern day Ludhiana. It was captured by Raja Jasrat during his 1421–22 campaign in Punjab.{{Cite journal|author-link=K. S. Lal |last=Lal |first=K. S. |date=1958 |title=Jasrat Khokhar |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145212 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=21 |pages=274–281 |jstor=44145212 |issn=2249-1937}} Later, Ludhiana was founded in 1480 by members of the ruling Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.{{cite web |title=Ludhiana |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ludhiana |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027132410/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ludhiana |url-status=live }} The ruling sultan, Sikandar Lodi, dispatched two ruling chiefs, Yusuf Khan and Nihad Khan, to re-assert Lodi control. The two men camped at the site of present Ludhiana, which was then a village called Mir Hota. Yusuf Khan crossed the Sutlej and established Sultanpur, while Nihad Khan founded Ludhiana on the site of Mir Hota.

The name was originally Lodi-ana", meaning "Lodi town", which has since shifted from "Lodiana" to the present form of Ludhiana.{{cite web |title=History |url=https://ludhiana.nic.in/about-district/history/ |website=Ludhiana |publisher=Government of Punjab |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019204635/https://ludhiana.nic.in/about-district/history/ |url-status=live }} The Lodi Fort, or "Purana Qila", is the only surviving structure in the city from this period; located in the neighbourhood of Fatehgarh, it was well-maintained under Ranjit Singh and the British after him, but then fell into disrepair. It was declared a state-protected monument in December 2013.{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Ananya |title=Ripe with history, Ludhiana's Lodhi Fort lies forgotten without ASI protection |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/ripe-with-history-ludhianas-lodhi-fort-lies-forgotten-without-asi-protection-6192424/ |access-date=23 July 2020 |agency=The Indian Express |date=31 December 2019 |archive-date=23 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723042242/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/ripe-with-history-ludhianas-lodhi-fort-lies-forgotten-without-asi-protection-6192424/ |url-status=live }}

The Semi Centennial Celebration of the American Presbyterian Lodiana Mission was held in Ludhiana from 3–7 December 1884.J.J. Lucas, "Literary Work of the American Presbyterian Mission, North India, Including Bible TranslatioLun and Revision, and Circulation of Religious Books and Tracts," Indian Evangelical Review 13 (July 1886): 43–63.

Ludhiana's Old City includes landmarks like the Lodhi Fort, Daresi Grounds, The Clock Tower, & Sood Family Haveli.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

File:Sood Family Haveli Facade.jpg is one of the last Havelis in all of Ludhiana.]]

Ludhiana is located at {{Coord|30.9|N|75.85|E|format=dms|display=inline}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Ludhiana.html|title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc{{snd}}Ludhiana|work=fallingrain.com|access-date=8 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529001025/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Ludhiana.html|archive-date=29 May 2008|url-status=dead}} It has an average elevation of {{convert|244|m}}. Ludhiana City, to its residents, consists of the Old City and the New City. The new city primarily consists of the Civil Lines area which was historically known as the residential and official quarters of the colonial British encampment.

The Old Fort was at the banks of the Sutlej (and now houses the College of Textile Engineering). Legend has it that a tunnel connects it to the fort in Phillaur– although why this should be is debatable{{cn|date=February 2025}}, as the Sutlej was the traditional dividing line between the principalities, often occupied by enemy forces (see History section).

The tree of largest natural extraction was the kikar, or Acacia Indica, but has been supplanted by the eucalyptus, transplanted from rural Australia in the late 1950s by the Chief Minister Partap Singh Kairon.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

Ludhiana features a relatively dry monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Cwa) under the Köppen climate classification, although bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (BSh), with three defined seasons; summer, monsoon and winter. Ludhiana on an average sees roughly {{convert|809.3|mm|in}} of precipitation annually. The official weather station for the city is in the compound of the Civil Surgeon's Office to the west of Ludhiana. Weather records here date back to 1 August 1868.

Ludhiana has one of the worst air pollution problems in India since 2011, with particulate matter being over six times the World Health Organization recommended standard, making it the 13th most polluted city in the world.{{Cite news|author=Majeed, Shariq |date=26 March 2014 |title=Ludhiana worries over its PM |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Ludhiana-worries-over-its-PM/articleshow/32709885.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327153327/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Ludhiana-worries-over-its-PM/articleshow/32709885.cms |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news|author=Preet, Jatinder|date=16 October 2011|title=Ludhiana fourth most polluted city in the world|location=Delhi, India|newspaper=The Sunday Guardian|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/ludhiana-fourth-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412184445/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/ludhiana-fourth-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|archive-date=12 April 2014|url-status=live}} Industrial water pollution is also of significant concern in portions of Ludhiana, notably along the Budha Dariya.{{Cite news|date=1 December 2013|title=How air and water pollution plagues Indian cities|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-air-and-water-pollution-plagues-indian-cities/article1-1157717.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129025745/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-air-and-water-pollution-plagues-indian-cities/article1-1157717.aspx|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead}}

{{see also|List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh}}

{{Historical population

| source = {{cite web |url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm |title=Historical Census of India |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|archive-date=17 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}

| 1901 | 48649

| 1911 | 44170

| 1921 | 51880

| 1931 | 68586

| 1941 | 111639

| 1951 | 153795

| 1961 | 244032

| 1971 | 401176

| 1981 | 607052

| 1991 | 1042740

| 2001 | 1398467

| 2011 | 1618879

| align = center

}}

As per the 2011 census, Ludhiana had a population of 1,618,879.{{cite web|url=http://ludhiana.nic.in/html/area_population.html|title=Area and Population|website=Official Website of Ludhiana|access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015410/http://ludhiana.nic.in/html/area_population.html |archive-date=7 March 2016}} The literacy rate was 86.50 per cent, and the population consisted of 950,123 males and 743,530 females.{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date=7 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date=2 April 2013 |url-status=live }}

{{bar box

| title=Religion in Ludhiana City (2011){{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=18 January 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314224307/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}

| titlebar=#Fcd116

| left1=Religion

| right1=Percent

| float=right

| bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|65.96}}

{{bar percent|Sikhism|darkkhaki|28.75}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|2.81}}

{{bar percent|Jainism|pink|1.05}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|0.68}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.75}}

}}

With around 66% adherents according to 2011 Indian Census, Hinduism is the predominant religion of Ludhiana, followed by Sikhism with 29% of the population. Islam is followed by 2.8% and Christianity by less than 1%.{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community – Ludhiana (M. Corp) |access-date=2 December 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}

Prior to India's partition, Ludhiana had a population of 111,639 with Muslims being the majority with 62.9%.{{rp|32}} The Hindus were 31.1% and Sikhs 4.7%.{{rp|32}} It changed post-partition with a drastic reduction in Muslim percentage and simultaneous increase in Hindu and Sikh population, owing to migration of people between West and East Punjab.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138|title=From the Ashes of 1947|last=Virdee|first=Pippa|date=February 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-42811-8|pages=138|access-date=10 January 2020|archive-date=14 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814174308/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138|url-status=live}}

{{Pie chart

| thumb = right

| caption = Languages spoken across Ludhiana city (2011)

| label1 = Punjabi |value1 = 67.00 |color1 = pink

| label2 = Hindi |value2 = 29.24 |color2 = orange

| label3 = Bhojpuri |value3 = 1.35 |color3 = gold

| label4 = Others |value4 = 2.41 |color4 = grey

}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 67.00% of the population spoke Punjabi, 29.24% Hindi and 1.35% Bhojpuri as their first language.{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab (Town) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10229/download/13341/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

Ludhiana Municipal Corporation is the urban local civic body in the city.{{cite news |title=Cow cess runs in crores, but stray-cattle menace continues in Ludhiana |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/despite-cow-cess-running-in-crores-stray-cattle-s-reign-of-terror-continues-in-ludhiana-101627063869428.html |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223122323/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/despite-cow-cess-running-in-crores-stray-cattle-s-reign-of-terror-continues-in-ludhiana-101627063869428.html |url-status=live }}

The city is part of the Ludhiana Lok Sabha constituency. The assembly constituencies in the city are:

{{main|Economy of Ludhiana}}

The World Bank ranked Ludhiana as the city in India with the best business environment in 2009 and 2013.{{cite web|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/subnational/exploreeconomies/India2009.aspx|title=Doing Business in India 2009|publisher=World Bank|access-date=8 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007005506/http://doingbusiness.org/subnational/exploreeconomies/India2009.aspx|archive-date=7 October 2010|url-status=live}} The riches are brought mostly by small-scale industrial units,Entrepreneurship in India's small-scale industries. Richard P. Taub, Doris L. Taub which produce industrial goods, machine parts, auto parts, household appliances, hosiery, apparel, and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle production each year. Ludhiana produces 60% of India's tractor parts and a large portion of auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars such as Mercedes and BMW are exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the world requirement. It is one of the largest manufacturer of domestic sewing machines. Hand tools and industrial equipment are other specialties.

The apparel industry of Ludhiana, popularly known as Ludhiana hosiery industry provides employment to numerous people{{cite web|url=https://cityvibesindia.com/ludhiana-apparel-guide|title=Ludhiana Portal Digital directories & Newspapers|last=Staff|website=City Vibes|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215221835/https://cityvibesindia.com/ludhiana-apparel-guide|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=live}} and produces India's largest share of winter clothing. It is especially known for its woollen sweaters and cotton T-shirts with the majority of India's woollen clothing brands being based here. Ludhiana is also famous for its industry of shawls and stoles and satisfies the demand of major domestic and international brands. As a result of its dominance in the textile industry it is often dubbed as the Manchester of India.{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ludhiana-industry-gives-thumbs-down-to-arun-jaitley-s-union-budget/story-JB7wNj4njJJggazgzSuc6K.html|title=Punjab industry gives thumbs down to Arun Jaitley's Union Budget|date=1 February 2018|website=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205103516/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ludhiana-industry-gives-thumbs-down-to-arun-jaitley-s-union-budget/story-JB7wNj4njJJggazgzSuc6K.html|archive-date=5 December 2018|url-status=live}} Ludhiana is now sourcing production to major corporate brands all over India. Cloths manufactured here sell in big brand showrooms. Ludhiana also has a growing IT sector with multiple software services and product companies having development centers in the city. In April 2021, BizMerlinHR, a HR management software firm with development center in Ludhiana was awarded Cool Vendor in HCM for 2021 by industry analyst Gartner.{{cite web|url=https://www.bizmerlin.com/bizmerlinhr-gartner-cool-vendor-in-human-capital-management|title=BizMerlinHR Named a Cool Vendor in the 2021 Gartner 'Cool Vendors in Human Capital Management: Technology Innovations to Support the Future of Work' Report|date=30 April 2021|website=BizMerlinHR|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519193953/https://www.bizmerlin.com/bizmerlinhr-gartner-cool-vendor-in-human-capital-management/|url-status=live}}

Ludhiana was home to the Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association. LSE was situated on NH95 (Chandigarh-Ferozepur Highway) in Feroze Gandhi market near Mini Secretariat Ludhiana. The association is now defunct.

File:GURU NANAK STADIUM AT LUDHIANA.jpg]]

Guru Nanak Stadium in Ludhiana hosts a number of sporting events including athletics, football, badminton, basketball, gymnastics, handball, kabaddi, table tennis, volleyball, as well as other indoor games.{{cite web |title=District Sports Office {{!}} District Ludhiana, Government of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://ludhiana.nic.in/departments/state-govt/district-sports-office/ |website=ludhiana.nic.in |access-date=24 November 2021 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124141726/https://ludhiana.nic.in/departments/state-govt/district-sports-office/ |url-status=live }}

;Kabaddi

Kabaddi world cup finals have been played twice in Guru Nanak Stadium Ludhiana.{{cite news|title=Kabaddi World Cup: India all the way|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111121/sports.htm#1|work=The Tribune{{snd}}Sports Page|date=21 November 2011|access-date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223044619/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111121/sports.htm#1|archive-date=23 February 2012|url-status=live}} The stadium often hosts high-profile Kabaddi matches.

;Football

Various competitions like finals of National Games Football Matches (2001) and I-League matches of clubs like Minerva Punjab FC (now RoundGlass Punjab Football Club) have been played in Guru Nanak Stadium.{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Nitin |title=Chandigarh's Minerva Football Club inducted into AIFF league |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/citys-minerva-football-club-inducted-into-aiff-league-4423184/ |access-date=24 November 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 December 2016 |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124141028/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/citys-minerva-football-club-inducted-into-aiff-league-4423184/ |url-status=live }}

Kila Raipur Sports Festival, popularly known as Rural Olympics Games, is held annually in Kila Raipur, near Ludhiana. Competitions are held for rural sports, including gatka, bullock cart races, trolley races, kabaddi, loading unloading trucks and acrobatics.{{cite news|title=Racy start to Kila Raipur Rural Olympics|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110204/ldh1.htm|work=The Tribune{{snd}}Ludhiana Tribune|date=4 February 2011|access-date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617181215/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110204/ldh1.htm|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}

A skating rink is situated in Leisure Valley, Sarabha Nagar.{{cite news |title=Leisure Valley rink hosts roller-skating competition |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/leisure-valley-rink-hosts-roller-skating-competition-589348 |access-date=9 September 2020 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=15 March 2018 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517174732/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/leisure-valley-rink-hosts-roller-skating-competition-589348 |url-status=live }}

• Alamgir
• Doraha
• Jagraon
• Katana Sahib
• Khanna
• Kila Raipur
• Machhiwara
• Mullanpur Dakha
• Nanaksar
• Payal
• Serai Lashkari Khan
• Sidhwanbet
• Rose Garden
• Rakh Bagh
• Sudhar
• Sri Bhaini Sahib
• Guru Ji Aashram, Dugri

File:Alamgir backside.JPG|Alamgir

File:Nanaksar.jpg|Nanaksar Kaleran

File:An old building in city khanna.jpg|Pre independence architecture Khanna

File:Sarai Lashkari.jpg|Serai Lashkari Khan

File:Ludhiana - zoo-tiger safari 3.jpg|Ludhiana Zoo

Ludhiana is well connected by road and rail as Ludhiana railway station is on the main Delhi-Amritsar route, and is an important railway junction with lines going to Jalandhar, Ferozepur, Dhuri, and Delhi. The city is very well connected with daily or weekly trains to most places in India including the major cities of Jammu, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Pathankot, Kanpur, Jaipur, Ajmer, Chandigarh, Ambala, Panipat, Delhi, Pune, Mumbai, Indore, Bhopal, Lucknow, Ahmadabad, Nagpur, Ayodhya, Nanded, Patna, and Kolkata. For administrative reasons the station is under Ferozepur Railway Division. The railway line between Ludhiana and Chandigarh opened in 2013. The government has even passed a dedicated freight track between Ludhiana and Kolkata. {{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}{{cite web|title=Ludhiana to Kolkata|url=https://www.makemytrip.com/railways/ludhiana-kolkata-train-tickets.html|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310023120/http://www.makemytrip.com/railways/ludhiana-kolkata-train-tickets.html|url-status=live}}

File:India Train.jpg Train in Ludhiana]]

File:Canal Road Ludhiana.jpg passing through South City and Canal road]]

Ludhiana is connected with other cities of Punjab and also with other states by bus service. Major national highways NH 44, NH 5 (old NH1, NH95 respectively) and state highway SH 11 connect to the city.{{cite web|url=http://pwdpunjab.gov.in/RStateHighway.aspx?languageid=1&pageid=1395&linkid=197|title=State Highways in Punjab|website=PWD – Govt. of Punjab, India|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525204925/http://pwdpunjab.gov.in/RStateHighway.aspx?languageid=1&pageid=1395&linkid=197|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://pwdpunjab.gov.in/RNationalHighway.aspx?languageid=1&pageid=1394&linkid=198|title=National Highways in Punjab|website=PWD – Govt. of Punjab|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525204904/http://pwdpunjab.gov.in/RNationalHighway.aspx?languageid=1&pageid=1394&linkid=198|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=live}} The transportation services are provided by the state owned Punjab Roadways and private bus operators.

Ludhiana is served by the city-based Sahnewal Airport ({{Airport codes|LUH|VILD}}), also known as Ludhiana Airport. It is located near the town of Sahnewal, {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Ludhiana on the Grand Trunk Road. The airport is spread over more than {{cvt|130|acre}}. The current airport arrival/departure halls can accommodate 40 passengers.http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ludhiana.jsp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324103033/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ludhiana.jsp |date=24 March 2013 }} Airport website A new airport in Ludhiana is coming up at Halwara Air Force Station with work under progress.

Chandigarh Airport is the nearest International Airport to Ludhiana. Other nearby airports are Adampur Airport in Jalandhar and Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar.

File:LDH RLY STN.JPG]]

Ludhiana Junction railway station is connected to other metro cities. It also has Sahnewal, Doraha, Qila Raipur railway stations which serve cargo and passenger trains. Vande Bharat Express has a stop at Ludhiana junction on its New Delhi (NDLS) – Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra (SVDK) route.{{cite news |title=Delhi-Katra Vande Bharat Express: Fare, timings, features, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-katra-vande-bharat-express-fare-timings-features-other-details-11569759203221.html |access-date=13 February 2020 |work=Livemint |date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213085343/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-katra-vande-bharat-express-fare-timings-features-other-details-11569759203221.html |url-status=live }}

City bus service has been cancelled. Moving around inside the city is done mostly by auto-rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws, while latest Ludhiana BRTS was planned to be constructed but due to lack of funds allotted and weak planning and management the project too has been scrapped by the government thus worsening the traffic problems in the industrial city.

File:An Air View of Ludhiana.jpg

The Auto rickshaw is a three-wheel drive vehicle, which is one way to travel in the city. They have the capacity to hold three to six passengers. It can be hired individually or on a sharing basis. The auto rickshaws are easily available at every major place, including the interstate bus terminal and the railway station at a nominal fare which varies from ₨ 10 to ₨ 30.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}} Jugnoo, an on demand auto rickshaw application launched its operations in February 2015 to provide low cost, reliable, 24×7 service to the citizens of Ludhiana.

Cycle rickshaws are widely used in Ludhiana. The rickshaw or tricycle is pulled by a person and is a relatively cheap way of travelling in the city, but has become pricey after the autos have been scrapped.

Radio taxis are also easily available. This is the most used means of transport by the people of Ludhiana. Ola Cabs launched in the city on 7 October 2014. Uber is also very popular in the city.{{cite web|url =http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/ola-now-available-in-ludhiana-amritsar-visakhapatnam--surat-25444|title =Ola Cabs launch in Ludhiana and Amritsar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030160159/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/ola-now-available-in-ludhiana-amritsar-visakhapatnam--surat-25444|archive-date=30 October 2014|url-status=live}} Zoomcar provides cars for self-drive car rental in the city.{{cite web|url=http://www.zoomcar.com/ludhiana|title=Self Drive Cars in Ludhiana|last=Ltd.|first=Zoomcar India Private|website=Zoomcar|access-date=15 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160527/https://www.zoomcar.com/ludhiana|archive-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live}}

Ludhiana has 363 senior secondary, 367 high, 324 middle, 1129 primary, and pre-primary recognised Schools, with a total of 398,770 students.{{cite web|url =http://ludhiana.nic.in/html/education_medical.html#Education|title =Education and Medical Facilities – Official Website of Ludhiana|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151222122904/http://ludhiana.nic.in/html/education_medical.html#Education|archive-date =22 December 2015|url-status=dead}} Most of these schools are either run by the ICSE Central Board of Secondary Education, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or by Punjab School Education Board.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://cityvibesindia.com/ludhiana-education|title=Digital directories & Newspapers|last=Staff|website=City Vibes|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101135933/https://cityvibesindia.com/ludhiana-education|archive-date=1 November 2018|url-status=dead}} Prominent schools in Ludhiana include Delhi Public School, Sacred Heart Convent School, Sat Paul Mittal, R.S. Model Senior Secondary School{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Aneesha Sareen |date=12 May 2021 |title=Govt-aided school in Ludhiana opens for teachers in violation of curfew orders |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/govtaided-school-in-ludhiana-opens-for-teachers-in-violation-of-curfew-orders-101620763108536.html |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411093639/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/govtaided-school-in-ludhiana-opens-for-teachers-in-violation-of-curfew-orders-101620763108536.html |url-status=live }} and{{nbs}}Kundan Vidya Mandir.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Ludhiana is home to the largest agricultural university in Asia{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} and one of the largest in the world, Punjab Agricultural University.{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/ludhiana/colleges.html |title=Ludhiana Colleges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202014724/http://www.mapsofindia.com/ludhiana/colleges.html |archive-date=2 December 2011 |website=Mapsofindia.com |access-date=16 June 2014}} The College of Veterinary Sciences at PAU was recently upgraded to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU).

GADVASU was established at Ludhiana by an act of the Punjab Legislature No. 16 of 2005 notified in the Punjab Government Gazette on 9 August 2005 and it started functioning 21 April 2006 for promoting livestock production, health and prevention of disease through integrated teaching, research and extension programmes.{{cite news |title=GADVASU CET 2017 Second Counseling Results Declared on gadvasu.in |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gadvasu-cet-2017-second-counseling-results-declared-on-gadvasu-in-1493827.html |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=News18 |date=17 August 2017 |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411094525/https://www.news18.com/news/india/gadvasu-cet-2017-second-counseling-results-declared-on-gadvasu-in-1493827.html |url-status=live }}

File:CMC Hospital building.jpg]]

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, the first medical school for women in Asia, was founded by Dame Edith Mary Brown in 1894. Christian Medical College is a major and reputed tertiary care hospital in India, also the location of the world's first face transplant. Dayanand Medical College and Hospital is another tertiary care teaching hospital in Ludhiana. Both these institutions are recognised by the Medical Council of India. The college is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab.{{Cite web |title=BFUHS Affiliations |url=https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715112656/https://bfuhs.ac.in/colleges/Ocolleges.asp |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=bfuhs.ac.in}}

File:Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 04.jpg]]

Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College is an institution offering facilities and education for engineering students. It has a research and development center for bicycles and sewing machines.{{cite web|url=http://www.bsrdindia.org/|title=www.bsrdindia.com|access-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801050755/http://bsrdindia.org/|archive-date=1 August 2015|url-status=live}}

Ludhiana College of Engineering and Technology is an institute for Engineering and Management studies.

• List of notable people from Ludhiana
• Ludhianvi
• Largest Indian Cities by GDP

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• Mahan Kosh, Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha, pp 311.
• Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, Prof. Harbans Singh vol 2 pp 416
• The Sikh Ref Book, Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer p464 & p196
• {{cite web|url=http://www.shah-kamal.com|title=Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithaly|work=shah-kamal.com}}
• {{cite book|author=Pankaj Mishra|title=Butter chicken in Ludhiana: travels in small town India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGkMAQAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=9780140250671}}
• [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330736963_Study_of_Toxic_Elements_in_River_Water_and_Wetland_Using_Water_Hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_as_Pollution_Monitor/ "Heavy metal contamination of the ecosystems by industrial emissions from Ludhiana"]

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• [http://ludhiana.nic.in Official website of District Ludhiana (Punjab)]
• [http://ludhianacitypunjab.com Everything Ludhiana (Punjab)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804024832/http://ludhianacitypunjab.com/ |date=4 August 2020 }}
• [http://www.myludhiana.com/ Ludhiana City Smart City Web Portal]

{{Million-plus cities in India}}

{{Ludhiana district}}

{{Punjab (Indian state)|state=collapsed}}

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Category:Smart cities in India

Category:Metropolitan cities in India

Category:Cities and towns in Ludhiana district

Category:Populated places established in the 1480s