:Mackinac Center for Public Policy

{{Short description|American non-profit free market think tank}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}

{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Mackinac Center for Public Policy

| image_size =

| image_name =

| caption =

| established = {{start date and age|1987}}

| logo = File:Mackinac_Center_for_Public_Policy_logo.png

| coordinates = {{Coord|43.6137|-84.2460|region:US-MI_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| staff =

| type = 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization

| tax_id = 38-2701547

| headquarters = 140 West Main Street, Midland, Michigan, U.S.

| leader_title = President

| leader_name = Joseph G. Lehman

| leader_title2 = Chairman

| leader_name2 = Rodney M. Lockwood Jr.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mackinac.org/31467|title=Lockwood Named New Chairman of Mackinac Center Board of Directors|website=Mackinac Center}}

| budget = Revenue: ~$11,500,000
Expenses: ~$11,500,000
(FYE December 2022){{Cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/382701547|title=Mackinac Center - Nonprofit Explorer|first=Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford, Ash Ngu, Brandon|last=Roberts|date=May 9, 2013|website=ProPublica}}

| endowment =

| debt =

| website = {{URL|mackinac.org}}

}}

The Mackinac Center for Public Policy ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|k|ɪ|n|ɔː}}) is a think tank headquartered in Midland, Michigan.{{Cite web |last=King |first=Jon |date=2024-07-18 |title=Mackinac Center asks for name to be pulled from Project 2025 |url=https://michiganadvance.com/2024/07/18/mackinac-center-asks-name-to-be-pulled-from-project-2025/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Michigan Advance |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Mackinac Center for Public Policy |url=https://spn.org/organization/mackinac-center-for-public-policy/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=State Policy Network |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Think Tanks |url=https://mcnair.northwood.edu/think-tanks |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Northwood University McNair Center for the Advancement of Free-Enterprise and Entrepreneurship |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Is the Mackinac Center for Public Policy Liberal? Libertarian? Conservative? |url=https://www.mackinac.org/1663 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}} Through research and programs, the Mackinac Center supports lower taxes, reduced regulatory authority for state agencies, right-to-work laws, school choice, and property rights.{{cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=After firestorm, Michigan right-to-work law has had little spark |url=http://archive.freep.com/article/20130901/BUSINESS06/309010025/michigan-right-to-work-impact-mackinac-center |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150309134353/http://archive.freep.com/article/20130901/BUSINESS06/309010025/michigan-right-to-work-impact-mackinac-center |archive-date=9 March 2015 |access-date=12 July 2018 |website=Detroit Free Press}} It has been variously described as free market,{{cite news |last1=Heinlein |first1=Gary |last2=Livengood |first2=Chad |date=March 4, 2015 |title=Worker Says Ending Film Incentives Will Cost Mich. Jobs |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/michigan/2015/03/04/house-panel-michigan-film-incentives/24368169/ |access-date=March 6, 2015 |work=The Detroit News |quote="But House Republicans, backed by the Michigan Chamber of Commerce and free-market Mackinac Center for Public Policy..."}}{{Cite news |last1=Glenza |first1=Jessica |last2=Adolphe |first2=Juweek |date=2019-01-23 |title=Free-market groups and the tobacco industry – full database |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2019/jan/23/free-market-thinktanks-tobacco-control-polices-database |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |quote=More than 100 free-market thinktanks have argued against tobacco control policies or accepted donations from the tobacco industry, research by the Guardian shows}} conservative,{{cite news |last=DeParle |first=Jason |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Right-of-Center Guru Goes Wide With the Gospel of Small Government |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/17/us/politics/17thinktank.html?ex=1321419600&en=3b6af3fbfa4ff01e&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |work=The New York Times |quote=the largest of the right’s state-level policy institutes.... When the Mackinac Center was founded in 1987, there were just three other conservative state-level policy institutes.}}{{Cite web |last=Oosting |first=Jonathan |date=2014-03-30 |title=How Michigan's revenue sharing 'raid' cost communities billions for local services |url=https://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/2014/03/michigan_revenue_sharing_strug.html |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=mlive |language=en |quote=The Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a conservative think tank that advocates for smaller government...}} fiscally conservative,{{Cite web |last=Oosting |first=Jonathan |date=2015-04-13 |title=Working poor may see modest tax break under Michigan roads Proposal 1 |url=https://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/2015/04/some_working_poor_could_see_ta.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=mlive |language=en |quote=the fiscally-conservative Mackinac Center}}{{Cite web |last=Svoboda |first=Sandra |date=November 17, 2010 |title=Re-Detroit |url=https://www.metrotimes.com/news/re-detroit-2150796 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Detroit Metro Times |language=en |quote=the fiscally conservative Mackinac Center for Public Policy}} and nonpartisan.{{Cite news |last=Pierre |first=Robert E. |date=July 28, 2002 |title=Detroit Still Skeptical About School Vouchers And Who Really Profits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/07/28/detroit-still-skeptical-about-school-vouchers-and-who-really-profits/6190f3d0-31cb-4c7f-b20c-6c313e3de9a4/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}} It prefers the description "free market" over "conservative" because it does not emphasize social issues.

Joseph Overton (1960–2003), a senior vice president of the Mackinac Center, stated the political strategy that later became known as the Overton window. Overton said that politically unpopular, unacceptable policies must be changed into politically acceptable policies before they can be enacted into law.{{cite web |title=A Brief Explanation of the Overton Window |url=http://www.mackinac.org/overtonwindow |access-date=12 July 2018 |website=Mackinac Center}}{{Cite news |last=Astor |first=Maggie |date=2019-02-26 |title=How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/26/us/politics/overton-window-democrats.html |access-date=2019-10-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

The Mackinac Center is said to be the largest state-based free market think tank. It was ranked among the top 5 percent of think tanks in the United States by the 2018 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report.{{Cite web |last1=Beacom |first1=Ron |date=2019-03-26 |title=Mackinac Center for Public Policy continues to prosper in Midland |url=https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Mackinac-Center-for-Public-Policy-nbsp-continues-13716208.php |access-date=2019-10-23 |website=Midland Daily News}}{{Cite journal|last=McGann|first=James|date=2019-01-01|title=2018 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/16|journal=TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports|issue=16}} The Center sponsors MichiganVotes.org, an online legislative voting record database which provides a non-partisan summary of every bill and vote in the Michigan legislature.{{Cite web |last=STAFF |first=HP |title=Legislative Roll Call |url=https://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/local/legislative-roll-call/article_b921b302-2328-50d9-8a81-74ab69bdb680.html |access-date=2019-10-23 |website=The Herald Palladium |language=en}}

History

File:Mackinac Center for Public Policy Headquarters.webp

The organization was founded in 1987. In a 2011 interview, founder Joe Olson said that the Center was first conceived in a Lansing, Michigan bar at a meeting between Olson, fellow insurance company executive Tom Hoeg, Richard McLellan and then-Michigan Senate Republican majority leader John Engler, who would later become governor. Olson said the founders wanted an organization that would focus on research, writing, speaking, issuing press releases and looking at public policy from a free market point of view.{{cite news |last1=Totten |first1=Jim |date=October 19, 2011 |title=Genoa Resident One of the Founders of Mackinac Center |url=http://www.livingstondaily.com/article/20111019/NEWS01/110190306/Genoa-resident-one-founders-Mackinac-Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020073212/http://www.livingstondaily.com/article/20111019/NEWS01/110190306/Genoa-resident-one-founders-Mackinac-Center |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=September 1, 2015 |work=Daily Press & Argus |via=Livingston Daily |agency=}}

The Center began operations with no office or full-time staff. It formally opened offices in Midland in 1988 with its first president, Lawrence W. Reed, an economist, writer, and speaker who had chaired the economics department at Northwood University. The Lansing-based Cornerstone Foundation provided early direction and some funding. The Center's first annual budget under Reed was $80,000. In 1999, the Mackinac Center moved from rented offices to its current headquarters after having raised $2.4 million to renovate a former Woolworth's department store on Midland's Main Street.{{Cite web|url=https://trccompany.com/project/the-mackinac-center-for-public-policy/|title=The Mackinac Center for Public Policy|website=Three Rivers Corporation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}

The Mackinac Center is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.{{cite web |title=About |url=http://www.mackinac.org/article.aspx?ID=1668 |publisher=Mackinac Center}} It is a member of the State Policy Network of state-level conservative and libertarian think tanks.{{Cite web |date=2020-12-18 |title=Mackinac Center for Public Policy suing MSU |url=https://www.fox47news.com/news/local-news/mackinac-center-for-public-policy-suing-msu |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=FOX 47 News Lansing - Jackson (WSYM) |language=en |quote=The Mackinac Center is a member of the State Policy Network, an umbrella organization of conservative and libertarian think tanks operating at the state level.}}{{cite web |title=Directory SPN Members |url=http://www.spn.org/directory/organizations.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318011132/http://www.spn.org/directory/organizations.asp |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |publisher=State Policy Network}}

The Mackinac Center published a 20-point plan for state fiscal reform, with Governor John Engler fully or partially implementing 16 of those recommendations during his first term in office. In 1994, Engler said, "When the Mackinac Center speaks, we listen".{{Cite web |title=Our Accomplishments |url=https://www.mackinac.org/accomplishments |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}{{Cite thesis |last=Akers |first=Joshua |date=November 2013 |title=Decline Industry: The Market Production of Detroit |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/70046 |access-date=September 18, 2024 |website=utoronto.ca}}

When asked by Detroit's Metro Times in 1996, the Center's President Lawrence Reed said: "Our funding sources are primarily foundations ... with the rest coming from corporations and individuals," but that "... revealing our contributors would be a tremendous diversion..."{{cite news |last1=Guyette |first1=Curt |date=1996 |title=The Big Mac Attack: How Special Interest Groups & Their Think Tank Waged the Real Engler Revolution |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/johnengler/002.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001001030005/http://www.metrotimes.com/johnengler/002.html |archive-date=October 1, 2000 |access-date=August 27, 2015 |work=Detroit Metro Times}}

In 2001, Mackinac Center was described as "the leading advocate for a universal education tax credit" by a Wall Street Journal editorial.{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2001 |title=Extra Credit |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB999644023712952343 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}

In 2002, the Michigan Education Association (MEA) sued the Mackinac Center over the Center's use of a supportive quote by the MEA's President in fundraising material. In 2004, the Michigan Court of Appeals threw out the lawsuit.{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Tim |date=March 22, 2004 |title=Court Rejects Suit about Endorsing a Rival |work=Detroit Free Press |agency=Associated Press}}

In November 2006 The New York Times published a two-part series about state-based "conservative" think tanks that described how the Mackinac Center trained think-tank executives from 42 countries and nearly every US state. The New York Times also reported that, "When the Mackinac Center was founded in 1987, there were just three other conservative state-level policy institutes. Now there are 48, in 42 states."{{cite news |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Right-of-Center Guru Goes Wide With the Gospel of Small Government |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/17/us/politics/17thinktank.html?ex=1321419600&en=3b6af3fbfa4ff01e&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |work=The New York Times |last=DeParle |first=Jason}}

Reed served as president from the Center's founding until September 2008, when he assumed the title President Emeritus and also became the president of the Foundation for Economic Education. Former Chief Operating Officer Joseph G. Lehman was named the Mackinac Center's president on September 1, 2008.{{cite news |date=July 21, 2008 |title=Lehman Succeeding Reed as Mackinac Center President |url=http://www.ourmidland.com/articles/2008/07/21/local_news/1187664.txt |work=Midland Daily News}}

In 2014, the organization released a mobile app, VoteSpotter.{{cite web |title=Mackinac Center's 'VoteSpotter' Application for Smartphones |author=10x25MM |work= Right Michigan |date=May 8, 2015 |access-date=September 6, 2015 |url=http://rightmi.com/mackinac-centers-votespotter-application-for-smartphones/}}{{cite news |title=Mackinac Center Hopes iPhone Users Add VoteSpotter App |last=Smith |first=John C. |publisher= Star 105.7 |access-date=September 6, 2015 |url=http://m.westmichiganstar.com/articles/wood-news-125494/mackinac-center-hopes-iphone-users-add-12068699}}{{cite web |title=Spot the Most Important Vote with Votespotter |last=Davis |first= Justin |work=West Bloomfield Local Stew |date=December 15, 2014 |access-date=September 6, 2015 |url=http://westbloomfield.localstew.com/news/spot-the-most-important-vote-with-votespotter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222165748/http://westbloomfield.localstew.com/news/spot-the-most-important-vote-with-votespotter |archive-date= December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead}} The app allows users to track votes by elected officials in the United States. It was originally an extension of the organization's MichiganVotes.org website but has since expanded to include other states.

The Mackinac Center in 2018 led several conservative groups urging teachers to leave unions with a national campaign called "My Pay, My Say".{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Sarah |date=October 18, 2018 |title=Conservative Group Expands Push to Get Teachers to Leave Their Unions. |url=https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/conservative-group-expands-push-to-get-teachers-to-leave-their-unions/2018/10? |work=Education Week}}

In 2019, a satellite office was opened in Lansing, Michigan.

The Mackinac Center has criticized "sin taxes" like tobacco excise taxes, vaping regulations and a variety of alcohol rules.{{Cite web |last=LaFaive |first=Michael D. |title=Alcohol Control in Michigan |url=https://www.mackinac.org/alcohol |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=LaFaive |first=Michael D. |title=Vaping Ban is Bad for Health, Good for Smugglers |url=https://www.mackinac.org/vaping-ban-is-bad-for-health-good-for-smugglers |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}} It received donations from Altria in the 2010s, according to a 2019 investigation by The Guardian about connections between the tobacco industry and free-market groups.{{Cite news |last1=Glenza |first1=Jessica |last2=Adolphe |first2=Juweek |date=2019-01-23 |title=Free-market groups and the tobacco industry – full database |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2019/jan/23/free-market-thinktanks-tobacco-control-polices-database |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}

The Mackinac Center fought in court against the Biden administration's efforts to cancel some student loan payments and extend pandemic-related pauses on loans.{{Cite news |last=Douglas-Gabriel |first=Danielle |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Biden's student loan forgiveness plan faces new lawsuit to block program |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/08/04/biden-student-loan-forgiveness-lawsuit-conservative-groups/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}

The Mackinac Center's director of energy and environmental policy was a contributor to the Project 2025 plan anticipating Donald Trump's second term as president of the United States. The Mackinac Center was removed from the Project 2025 credits after a request by the center. A Mackinac Center spokesperson said that it had "offered ideas on labor and energy policy" to the Heritage Foundation, which created Project 2025, but that "we do not endorse" some other ideas in the plan.

= Coining of the term "Overton Window" =

The concept of the "Overton window" was introduced in the 1990s by Joseph Overton, former senior vice president of the Mackinac Center. After his death in a plane crash in 2003, his colleague Joseph Lehman named the idea in a presentation about the power of consistent and persistent advocacy.{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Derek |date=February 25, 2018 |title=How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/02/25/overton-window-explained-definition-meaning-217010/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=politico.com}} The "Overton window" refers to the range of ideas which are considered culturally and politically fringe to mainstream, and when a subject matter moves along this spectrum it is considered to have changed its status along the "Overton window". The Mackinac Center defines the Overton Window as:

...a model for understanding how ideas in society change over time and influence politics. The core concept is that politicians are limited in what policy ideas they can support—they generally only pursue policies that are widely accepted throughout society as legitimate policy options. These policies lie inside the Overton Window. Other policy ideas exist, but politicians risk losing popular support if they champion these ideas. These policies lie outside the Overton Window.{{Cite web |title=The Overton Window |url=https://www.mackinac.org/OvertonWindow |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}

Legal advocacy

The Mackinac Center Legal Foundation is a non-profit, pro-bono organization associated with the Mackinac Center for Public Policy focusing on advancing liberty and free markets.{{Cite web |title=The Detroit News Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts |url=https://subscribe.detroitnews.com/restricted?return=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2024/02/12/delie-workers-still-have-rights-amid-repeal-of-right-to-work/72572643007/&gps-source=CPROADBLOCKDH&gca-cat=p&slug=restricted&redirect=true&offer=W-B5&gnt-eid=control |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909162730/https://subscribe.detroitnews.com/restricted?return=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2024/02/12/delie-workers-still-have-rights-amid-repeal-of-right-to-work/72572643007/&gps-source=CPROADBLOCKDH&gca-cat=p&slug=restricted&redirect=true&offer=W-B5&gnt-eid=control |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=subscribe.detroitnews.com}} {{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2022-03-16 |title=Parent sues Michigan school district for ethnic, gender studies course material |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/2022/03/parent-sues-michigan-school-district-for-ethnic-gender-studies-course-material.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=mlive |language=en}}

According to the Mackinac Center, its key areas of focus include: labor law, property law, constitutional law and laws pertaining to healthcare in America.{{Cite web |title=Our Issues |url=https://www.mackinac.org/litigation/issues |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}

In 2020, the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation initiated a lawsuit against Governor Gretchen Whitmer, which ultimately led to the Michigan Supreme Court issuing a unanimous decision in favor of the Mackinac Center. The court declared that Governor Whitmer's attempts to extend a state of emergency beyond April 30, 2020, without legislative approval was illegal. Additionally, in a 4-3 decision, the Court ruled that the Emergency Powers of Governor Act of 1945, which Governor Whitmer had cited as the basis for maintaining unilateral control for an indefinite period, is unconstitutional. Consequently, all executive orders issued after April 30 are currently considered null and void.{{Cite web |title=Gov. Whitmer's unilateral extension of COVID-19 state of emergency deemed illegal and unconstitutional by Michigan Supreme Court |url=https://www.mackinac.org/HealthcareEO |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2020 |title=Executive Order 2020-17: Temporary restrictions on non-essential medical and dental procedures - RESCINDED |url=https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/state-orders-and-directives/2020/03/20/executive-order-2020-17 |access-date=September 26, 2024 |website=michigan.gov}}{{Cite web |title=Court Declares Gov. Whitmer's COVID Emergency Powers Unconstitutional |url=https://www.michiganlcv.org/case/court-declares-gov-whitmers-covid-emergency-powers-unconstitutional/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Michigan League of Conservation Voters |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Mulka |first=Angela |date=June 22, 2022 |title=Whitmer's lost case sends $200,000 in attorneys fees to Mackinac Center |url=https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Whitmer-s-lost-case-sends-200-000-in-attorneys-17258537.php |access-date=September 26, 2024 |work=Midland Daily News}}

= Lawsuits involving Michigan Education Association (MEA) =

== ''Michigan Education Association v. Mackinac Center for Public Policy'' ==

In 2002 the Michigan Education Association (MEA) and its president, Luigi Battaglieri, sued the Mackinac Center for quoting Battaglieri in a fundraising letter highlighting its effectiveness.{{Cite web |title=LUIGI BATTAGLIERI V MACKINAC CENTER FOR PUBLIC POLICY |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/michigan/court-of-appeals-published/2004/20040318-c245862-57-47o-245862-opn-dcoa.html |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2004 |title=Victory for Free Speech: Michigan Appeals Court Sides With Think Tank, Rejects Teachers Union's Lawsuit |url=https://www.mackinac.org/6464 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=mackinac.org}}{{Cite web |title=Battaglieri v. Mackinac Center, 261 Mich. App. 296 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/battaglieri-v-mackinac-center#:~:text=Mr.%20Battaglieri,%20whose%20union%20is%20generally%20at%20odds%20with%20the |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=casetext.com}} The MEA argued that commercial speech case law required the Mackinac Center to obtain permission for using the quotation. However, the Court concluded that the quotation in the fundraising letter "falls squarely within the protection of the First Amendment for discourse on matters of public interest."{{Cite web |date=2003-05-21 |title=Keeping the "Free" In Free Speech |url=https://ij.org/press-release/mackinac-free-speech-launch-release/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Institute for Justice |language=en-us}}

== ''Mackinac Center Legal Foundation v. Michigan Education Association'' ==

In January 2022, the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation filed a lawsuit against the Michigan Education Association (MEA) and its insurance affiliate, the Michigan Education Special Services Association (MESSA). The lawsuit was filed under the federal False Claims Act, maintaining that these labor unions improperly sought and received $12.5 million in COVID-19 relief money through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP).{{Cite web |date=2023-03-13 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Michigan Nonprofit Organizations Agree to Pay $225,887 to Settle False Claims Act Allegations Relating to Improper Receipt of Paycheck Protection Program Loans {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/michigan-nonprofit-organizations-agree-pay-225887-settle-false-claims-act-allegations |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}

The Paycheck Protection Program, which was intended to provide relief to small businesses, was not designed for 501(c)(5) nonprofits like the MEA or 501(c)(9) nonprofits like MESSA. Despite this, both organizations applied for and received funding through the PPP in April 2020, with the MEA receiving $6.4 million and MESSA receiving $6.1 million. In December 2020, the MEA and MESSA reportedly returned the funds.{{Cite web |last=Chambers |first=Jennifer |title=MEA agrees to pay $115,000 in processing fees for pandemic aid |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2023/03/06/mea-michigan-education-association-union-pandemic-aid-lawsuit-mackinac-center-settlement/69977220007/ |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}

The Mackinac Center Legal Foundation filed the lawsuit on the grounds that the actions of the MEA and MESSA deprived other businesses of relief funds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fourteen months after the lawsuit was filed, the case was settled in favor of the Mackinac Center. As part of the settlement, the MEA and MESSA agreed to pay $200,000 in reimbursements and fines. Additionally, the two union organizations agreed to pay the Mackinac Center $77,000 in attorneys fees, and the federal government paid the Mackinac Center $23,000 for discovering the improper loans.{{cite news |last1=Chambers |first1=Jennifer |date=March 6, 2023 |title=MEA agrees to pay $115,000 in processing fees for pandemic aid |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2023/03/06/mea-michigan-education-association-union-pandemic-aid-lawsuit-mackinac-center-settlement/69977220007/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=The Detroit News}}

Positions

The Center writes that its ideology is most accurately characterized as flowing from the "classical liberal tradition" of Milton Friedman and others: "socially tolerant, economically sophisticated, desiring little government intervention in either their personal or economic affairs."{{cite web |title=Is the Mackinac Center for Public Policy Liberal? Libertarian? Conservative? |url=http://www.mackinac.org/1663 |publisher=Mackinac Center |access-date=March 6, 2015}} In a 2011 interview about the organization, one of its founders, Olson, said "Some will say the Mackinac Center is a Republican front" but that he disagreed.

The Mackinac Center was involved in the effort to pass a right-to-work law in Michigan and has supported efforts in other states to expand right to work laws and workers' rights to not pay dues to a union they do not support. The Center also launched the website MyPayMySay.com to alert union members to their rights.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weirtondailytimes.com/news/local-news/2019/06/briefs-filed-backing-right-to-work-law/|title=Briefs filed backing 'right to work' law|website=weirtondailytimes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/mass-exodus-of-public-union-fee-payers-after-high-court-ruling|title=Mass Exodus of Public Union Fee Payers After High Court Ruling|last=Iofolla|first=Robert|website=Bloomberg|access-date=2020-01-14}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obamas-right-to-work-1455320296?cb=logged0.9745800192467868?|title=Obama's Right to Work|website=Wall Street Journal|date=February 12, 2016|access-date=2020-01-14}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.com/the-ed-show/right-wingers-koch-alec-pushed-michigan-ri|title=Right-wingers Koch, ALEC, pushed Michigan 'right-to-work' laws|last=Resnikoff|first=Ned|website=MSNBC|date=December 12, 2012 |access-date=2020-01-14}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/14/us/politics/teachers-unions-supreme-court.html|title=Teachers Unions Scramble to Save Themselves after Supreme Court's Blow|last=Hodgson|first=Sam|website=New York Times|date=July 14, 2018|access-date=2020-01-14}}

Funding

In 2022, the foundation's total revenue was $11.5 million, and its expenditures were $11.5 million, according to ProPublica.{{cite web |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/382701547 |title=Mackinac Center - Nonprofit Explorer |date=May 9, 2013}}

Between 2008 and 2013, the Mackinac Center received $2.4 million from DonorsTrust, a donor-advised fund used by conservative philanthropists, according to a liberal group called the Bridge Project. Donor-advised funds allow individuals, foundations and charities to give money anonymously. DonorsTrust has been used by the Koch family and other donors. The funding was for statehouse reporting and attendance at meetings of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).{{Cite web |last=Abowd |first=Paul |date=2013-02-14 |title=Koch-funded charity passes money to free-market think tanks in states |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/koch-funded-charity-passes-money-free-market-think-tanks-states-flna1c8370335 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Center for Public Integrity and NBC News |language=en |via=NBC News |quote=Conservative foundations and individuals use Donors Trust to pass money to a vast network of think tanks and media outlets that push free-market ideology in the states...}}

Publications and projects

In addition to policy studies, the Center publishes a number of periodicals including Michigan Education Report, Michigan Privatization Report, Michigan Science, Michigan Capitol Confidential, Impact, Michigan Education Digest and Michigan Context and Performance Report Card.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mackinac.org/publications|title=Publications|website=www.mackinac.org|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Mackinac_Center_for_Public_Policy|title=Mackinac Center for Public Policy|website=Ballotpedia|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsjm.com/2020/02/11/report-ranks-elementary-middle-schools/|title=Report Ranks Elementary, Middle Schools|website=News/Talk 94.9 WSJM|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-12}}

= ''Michigan Capitol Confidential'' =

Michigan Capitol Confidential is a nonprofit news service published by the Mackinac Center. It provides news and analysis of Michigan-specific issues, including state and local government policies, education, and economics.{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Anna |title=Michigan's 'free-market' media machine |url=https://www.cjr.org/united_states_project/mackinac_center_for_public_policy_is_major_player_in_state_media.php |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Columbia Journalism Review |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Majeed |first=Azhar |date=2012-11-26 |title='Michigan Capitol Confidential': State of Michigan Has Too Many Speech Codes {{!}} The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression |url=https://www.thefire.org/news/michigan-capitol-confidential-state-michigan-has-too-many-speech-codes |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.thefire.org |language=en}}

= MichiganVotes =

MichiganVotes is a project whose primary objective is to facilitate access to information regarding historical and ongoing legislative actions. Its users have the capability to search for bills by their respective numbers, categories, or keywords. This platform is designed by Mackinac Center with the aim to enable individuals to stay informed about various legislations and to ensure that their elected officials are held responsible for their actions.{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.michiganvotes.org/about |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=MichiganVotes |language=en}}

Personnel

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=Board of directors=

Current members of the Mackinac Center's board of directors include:{{cite web |title= Board of Directors |url=https://www.mackinac.org/Board_of_Directors |publisher=Mackinac Center for Public Policy |access-date=13 July 2018}}

Former members of the organization's board include:

  • Robert Teeter, Republican pollster and political campaign strategist{{cite news |last1= Kroll| first1= Andy |title= Behind Michigan's 'Financial Martial Law': Corporations and Right-Wing Billionaires |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/03/michigan-snyder-mackinac-center |access-date=August 28, 2015 |work=Mother Jones |date=March 23, 2011}}
  • Paul V. Gadola, United States District Judge{{cite web |title=R.I.P. Paul Gadola |url=https://www.mackinac.org/20880 |access-date=August 28, 2015 |publisher=Mackinac Center |date=December 26, 2014}}
  • Lawrence Reed, President Emeritus of the Mackinac Center and president of the Foundation for Economic Education
  • Dulce Fuller, Member; Chairman of the Southeast Michigan Committee of The Heritage Foundation
  • D. Joseph Olson, Member; retired from Amerisure
  • Kent Herrick, Vice Chairman; President of Thermogy

References

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