Foundation for Economic Education
{{Short description|Libertarian education organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Foundation for Economic Education
| image = 150px
| type = Educational foundation
IRS 501(c)(3) tax exempt{{sfn | Internal Revenue Service| 2012 }}
| founded_date = {{Start date and age|1946|03|07}}
| tax_id = 136006960{{sfn|Internal Revenue Service|2012}}
| registration_id =
| founder = Leonard E. Read
| location = Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
| coordinates = {{Coord|33.8010|N|84.3932|W|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| origins =
| key_people =
| area_served = United States
| product =
| focus = Economics, libertarianism
| method = literature, lecture, conferences, online courses, multimedia, academic scholarship
| budget = Revenue: $5,233,293
Expenses: $5,288,134
(FYE March 2018){{cite web | url=https://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/136/136006960/136006960_201803_990.pdf | title=Foundation for Economic Education | website=Candid | access-date=13 January 2020 | archive-date=17 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217170201/https://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/136/136006960/136006960_201803_990.pdf | url-status=live }}
| num_volunteers =
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| subsid =
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| non-profit_slogan =
| former name =
| homepage = {{URL|fee.org}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Libertarianism US|organizations}}
The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) is an American conservative, libertarian economic think tank.{{harvnb|Phillips-Fein|2009|p=86}} "From the Mont Pelerin Society to the National Review, from Spiritual Mobilization to the American Enterprise Association, from the Foundation for Economic Education to the Manion Forum, they produced the ideas, popularized the language, and built the support for conservative economic politics at the very height of postwar liberalism."{{harvnb|Lichtman|2008|p=173}} "He made substantial contributions to Plain Talk, the Freeman, Spiritual Mobilization, the Intercollegiate Society of Individuals, the Foundation for Economic Education, and other conservative groups."{{Cite book|last=Dochuk|first=Darren|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/916030027|title=From Bible Belt to Sunbelt : plain-folk religion, grassroots politics, and the rise of evangelical conservatism|date=2011|isbn=978-0-393-07927-2|location=New York|pages=117|oclc=916030027|quote="A year later, with the help of a few high-powered executives and intellectual conservatives, he established the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), in Irvington-on-Hudson, with the goal of reeducating Americans in classical liberalism."}} Founded in 1946 in New York City, FEE is now headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is a member of the State Policy Network.{{Cite web|title=Foundation for Economic Education|url=https://spn.org/organization/foundation-for-economic-education/|access-date=2021-06-22|website=State Policy Network|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211000/https://spn.org/organization/foundation-for-economic-education/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=Foundation for Economic Education |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/foundation-for-economic-education-96656 |website=Devex}}
FEE offers publications, lectures, and student workshops promoting free market principles.{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2011-03-19 |title=FEE (Foundation for Economic Education) to offer free summer seminars |url=https://www.lp.org/blogs-mark-hinkle-fee-foundation-for-economic-education-to-offer-free-summer-seminars/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Libertarian Party |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715115302/https://www.lp.org/blogs-mark-hinkle-fee-foundation-for-economic-education-to-offer-free-summer-seminars |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=McMahon |first=Lauren |title=Foundation for Economic Education |url=https://www.fbla-pbl.org/portfolio-items/foundation-for-economic-education/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Future Business Leaders Of America-Phi Beta Lambda |language=en-US}}
Views
FEE states that its mission is to promote principles of "individual liberty, free-market economics, entrepreneurship, private property, high moral character, and limited government."{{Cite web|date=2018-01-11|title=About FEE|url=https://fee.org/about/|access-date=2021-06-22|website=fee.org|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621110558/https://fee.org/about|url-status=live}} Friedrich Hayek described FEE's goal as "nothing more nor less than the defense of our civilization against intellectual error."{{Cite web |last=Hayek |first=F.A. |title=The Defense of Our Civilization Against Intellectual Error |url=https://contemporarythinkers.org/friedrich-hayek/essay/defense-civilization-intellectual-error/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Contemporary Thinkers |language=en-US}}
History
FEE, founded in 1946, is considered the oldest free-market think tank in the United States.{{sfnm | 1ps= {{pad|1px}}"The oldest free-market American think tank is the foundation for Economic Education, founded in 1946..." | 2ps= {{pad|1px}}"In his eighties, he continued to lecture at the Foundation for Economic Education in IrvingtononHudson, New York (the oldest freemarket think tank, founded in 1946 by Leonard Read), and ..." | 3ps= {{pad|1px}}"The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B.F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H.W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A.C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B.E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W.C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company."| 4ps= {{pad|1px}}"The job of economic education must be undertaken now while those who appreciate the value of liberty are still in a position to support it."|ps=. | 1a1=White | 1y=2012 | 2a1=Skousen | 2y=2015 | 3a1=Hazlitt | 3y=2006 | 4a1=Dochuk|4y=2010|4p=114}} An early aim was to roll back policies of the New Deal.{{Cite magazine|last=Carter|first=Zachary D.|date=June 17, 2021|title=The End of Friedmanomics|magazine=The New Republic|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/162623/milton-friedman-legacy-biden-government-spending|access-date=2021-07-26|issn=0028-6583|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726172502/https://newrepublic.com/article/162623/milton-friedman-legacy-biden-government-spending|url-status=live}} FEE opposed the Marshall Plan, Social Security, and minimum wages, among other American social and economic policies.{{sfnm|1a1=Lichtman|1y=2008|1p=160}}
Its founding by Leonard E. Read,{{refn|name=Read with Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce|Read was the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce executive director,{{sfnm |1a1=Burns|1y=2005|1p=84|2a1=Rothbard | 2y=2006 | 2p=451}} from 1938{{sfn | Dochuk | 2010 | p =116}} to 1945.{{sfn | Heller | 2009 | p=197}}}} Henry Hazlitt,{{refn|of the New York Times}} David Goodrich,{{refn|name=Goodrich note|of B. F. Goodrich}} Donaldson Brown,{{refn|of General Motors Corporation}} Leo Wolman,{{refn|of Columbia University}} Fred Rogers Fairchild,{{refn|of Yale University}} Claude E. Robinson,{{refn|of Opinion Research Corporation}} and Jasper Crane{{refn|name=crane note|of duPont}} followed a capital campaign started in 1945 by Crane, who was a DuPont executive, and Alfred Kohlberg.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=ii | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} Early contributors included J. Howard Pew, Inland Steel, Quaker Oats, and Sears.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} As an "intellectual lighthouse", in Read's words, FEE distinguished itself from other business-supported groups by building up the intellectual framework for laissez-faire capitalism as an ideology.{{Sfn|Phillips-Fein|2009|p=27, 30}}
Read served as president from 1946 until his death in 1983. Perry E. Gresham was an interim president in 1983.{{sfn | Sennholz | 1993 | p=185 }} The presidency of FEE from 1983 to 1984 was held by John Sparks Sr., from 1984 to 1985 by Bob Love, from 1985 to 1988 by a series of acting presidents, then from 1988 to 1992 by Bruce Evans.{{CN|date=March 2023}} After retiring from Grove City College where he taught economics, Hans Sennholz served as president from 1992 to 1997.{{sfn | Wilcox | 2000 | p=151 }} Donald J. Boudreaux served as president from 1997 to 2001, before moving on to chair the Department of Economics at George Mason University.{{sfn|Boudreaux|2011}} Economist Mark Skousen served as president from 2001 to 2002.{{CN|date=March 2023}} Author and professor Richard Ebeling served as president from 2003 to 2008.{{CN|date=March 2023}} From 2008 to 2019, FEE's president was economist, author, and professor Lawrence W. Reed.{{sfn | Farrell | 2011 }}
=Location=
FEE first occupied two rooms in New York City's Equitable Building in 1946.{{sfnm|1ps={{pad|1px}}"In those anxious moments, Thomas I. Parkinson, president of Equitable Life Assurance Company, came to the rescue. He provided Fee with two rooms in the Equitable Building at 737 Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. On the 30th floor, with a magnificent view over the city, Leonard Read set about conducting the affairs of his new organization."|ps=.|1a1=Dodsworth|1y=1995|1p=2}} Soon after, the organization moved to a residential property in Irvington, New York, purchased in 1946 and which served as its headquarters for the next 68 years.{{sfnm|1ps={{pad|1px}}" Hillside was sold in 1922 to Gordon Harris, a son of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad president. ... was purchased in 1946 by Leonard Read and remains the headquarters of Read's Foundation for Economic Education."|ps=.| 1a1=Spikes | 1a2=Leone | 1y=2009 | 1p=26 | 2a1=Dodsworth | 2y=1995 }} The Foundation sold the Irvington headquarters after the transfer of its operations to Atlanta, Georgia.{{sfnm | 1a1=Farrell | 1y=2011| 1ps={{pad|1px}}"In early May 2010, FEE opened a branch office in downtown Atlanta." |ps=.| 2a1=Olson|2y=2014}}
=Impact=
Murray Rothbard was influenced by FEE economist Baldy Harper and credited FEE with creating a "crucial open center" for a libertarian movement.{{sfnm | 1ps= {{pad|1px}}(Rothbard was influenced by Harper at Columbia University) | 2ps= {{pad|1px}}(Harper's title of economist)
| 1a1=Gordon | 1y=2010 | 1p=12-14 | 2a1=Hazlitt | 2y=2006 | 2p=1 }}{{sfn | Gordon | 2010 | p=14 }} Friedrich Hayek saw FEE as part of the inspiration for the formation of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947,{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=86 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2pp=15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410 | 3a1=Plehwe | 3y=2006 | 3p=31 }} and FEE also provided a financial subsidy to the society.{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=15 }} Hayek encouraged Antony Fisher to found the Institute of Economic Affairs after visiting FEE in 1952.{{sfn | Mirowski | Plehwe | 2009 |p=387 |ps=: Anthony Fisher, founded the Institute of Economic Affairs with Hayek's encouragement, following a visit to the Foundation for Economic Education in 1952.
}} Ludwig von Mises had a "long-term association with the Foundation for Economic Education."{{sfnm | 1ps= {{pad|1px}}"long-term association with the Foundation for Economic Education..." | ps=. | 1a1=Vaughn | 1y=1998 }}
According to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), FEE is number 55 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States" (Table 7 – out of 110).{{cite web|author=James G. McGann (Director)|author-link=James McGann|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=think_tanks|title=2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report|date=January 28, 2021|access-date=October 25, 2021|page=93|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128113636/https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=think_tanks|url-status=live}}
Leadership
Diogo Costa became the 12th president of FEE in 2024.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 21, 2024 |title=Diogo Costa Named 12th President of the Foundation for Economic Education |url=https://fee.org/articles/diogo-costa-named-12th-president-of-the-foundation-for-economic-education/ |access-date= |website=Foundation for Economic Education |language=en}}
Lawrence W. Reed serves as FEE's President Emeritus.{{Cite web |title=Lawrence Reed |url=https://university.acton.org/faculty/lawrence-reed |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Acton University |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Lawrence W. Reed |url=https://isi.org/isiauthor/lawrence-w-reed/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Intercollegiate Studies Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801102118/https://isi.org/isiauthor/lawrence-w-reed/ |url-status=live }} He is the author of Was Jesus a Socialist?.{{Cite web |last=Forbes |first=Steve |title=Was Jesus A Socialist? A Conversation With Lawrence W. Reed |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveforbes/2020/12/11/was-jesus-a-socialist-a-conversation-with-lawrence-w-reed/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Forbes |language=en}}
Jon Miltimore is the managing editor at FEE.{{Cite web |date=2015-08-07 |title=Jon Miltimore {{!}} People |url=https://fee.org/people/jon-miltimore/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=fee.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Jon Miltimore {{!}} AIER |url=https://www.aier.org/staffs/jon-miltimore/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.aier.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830153417/https://www.aier.org/staffs/jon-miltimore/ |url-status=live }} Kerry McDonald, an education policy writer, serves as a FEE senior fellow.{{Cite web |title=Kerry McDonald {{!}} C-SPAN.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/person/?130323/KerryMcDonald |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.c-span.org}}{{Cite web |title=Kerry McDonald |url=https://www.wbur.org/inside/staff/kerry-mcdonald |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Foundation for Economic Education: Harvard Study says an Epidemic of Loneliness is Spreading |url=https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/whats-new/foundation-for-economic-education-harvard-study-an-epidemic-of-loneliness-is-spreading-across-america |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=Making Caring Common |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723195133/https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/whats-new/foundation-for-economic-education-harvard-study-an-epidemic-of-loneliness-is-spreading-across-america |url-status=live }}
In 2019, Zilvinas Silenas became the president of FEE.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 4, 2019 |title=Zilvinas Silenas Named 11th President of the Foundation for Economic Education |url=https://fee.org/resources/zilvinas-silenas-named-11th-president-of-the-foundation-for-economic-education/ |access-date= |website=Foundation for Economic Education |language=en}} He is one of the "most quoted opinion leader[s]" in Lithuania, previously serving as president of the Lithuanian Free Market Institute and expanding its teachings within Lithuanian high schools.{{Cite web |date=2019-03-08 |title=LFMI Salutes Departing President Žilvinas Šilėnas as He Is to Lead Foundation for Economic Education |url=http://4liberty.eu/lfmi-salutes-departing-president-zilvinas-silenas-as-he-is-to-lead-foundation-for-economic-education/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=4Liberty.eu |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809223457/http://4liberty.eu/lfmi-salutes-departing-president-zilvinas-silenas-as-he-is-to-lead-foundation-for-economic-education/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2019-08-23 |title=Zilvinas Silenas on what it was like to live in socialist USSR |url=https://www.iwf.org/2019/08/23/zilvinas-silenas-on-what-it-was-like-to-live-in-socialist-ussr/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=Independent Women's Forum |language=en}} The textbook Economics In 31 Hours, co-authored by Silenas, is now read by 80 percent of high school students in Lithuania.{{Cite web |title=Restart21: Economic education: Lithuania shares its success factors |url=https://www.freiheit.org/node/26151 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=www.freiheit.org |date=22 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813084205/https://www.freiheit.org/node/26151 |url-status=live }}
Programs
FEE offers a variety of programs for high school students, undergraduates, and graduate students.{{sfnm | 1a1=Ashford | 1y=2011 | 2a1=Giannotta | 2y=2011 | 3a1=Foley | 3y=2010 | 4a1=Olson | 4y=2009 | quote4="… hold week long seminars here during the summer ..." }} It is known for free summer seminars.{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2011-03-19 |title=FEE (Foundation for Economic Education) to offer free summer seminars |url=https://www.lp.org/blogs-mark-hinkle-fee-foundation-for-economic-education-to-offer-free-summer-seminars/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Libertarian Party |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Austrian Economics |url=https://econfaculty.gmu.edu/pboettke/summer.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=econfaculty.gmu.edu}}
Since 1946, FEE has sponsored public lectures by figures including Ludwig von Mises,{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=116 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=335 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 }} F.A. Hayek,{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=217 | 3a1=Mirowski | 3a2=Plehwe | 3y=2009 | 3p=285 | 4a1=Olson | 4y=2009 }} Henry Hazlitt,{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=43 | 2a1=Olson | 2y=2009 }} Milton Friedman,{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=21 }} James M. Buchanan,{{sfn | Mirowski | Plehwe | 2009 | p=21 }} Vernon Smith,{{sfn | Smith | 2006 }} Walter Williams,{{sfn | Williams | 2006 }} F.A. "Baldy" Harper,{{sfn | Hamowy | 2008 | p=492 }} and William F. Buckley Jr.{{sfn | Phillips-Fein | 2009 | p=40 }}
The Leonard E. Read Distinguished Alumni Award recognizes FEE alumni whom the alumni board considers to have demonstrated "an exceptional dedication to liberty." Notable recipients have included:{{cite web |title=Alumni Spotlight |url=https://info.fee.org/alumni-spotlight |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=Foundation for Economic Education}}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2021}}{{deadlink|date=March 2023|fix-attempted=yes}}
- Matt Kibbe (2018), founder of Free the People, a non-profit organization promoting libertarian ideals{{cite web|date=20 June 2018|title=Congratulations to Matt Kibbe: 2018 Leonard E. Read Distinguished Alumni Award Winner|url=https://fee.org/resources/matt-kibbe-2018-leonard-e-read-distinguished-alumni-award-winner|access-date=17 December 2019|website=Foundation for Economic Education}}
- Edwin Feulner, founder and former president of The Heritage Foundation
- Venkatesh Geriti, social entrepreneur
- Jack Kemp, former vice presidential candidate
- Charles Koch, chairman of Koch Industries
- Ron Paul, author, physician, and former Congressman
- Roger Ream, president of The Fund for American Studies
- Robert Sirico, founder of Acton Institute
Publications
FEE published The Freeman magazine from 1954 to 2016.{{refn|name=Freeman ISSN and OCLC|{{ISSN|0016-0652}}; {{OCLC|1570149}}}}{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }}{{sfnm | 1a1=Olson | 1y=2016 }} FEE was the original publisher of the essay "I, Pencil", which explored how markets coordinate the disparate activities necessary for economic cooperation.{{Cite web |title=Meet the New President of the Foundation for Economic Education, America's Oldest Free Market Think Tank |url=https://reason.com/podcast/2019/07/04/meet-the-new-president-of-the-foundation-for-economic-education-americas-oldest-free-market-think-tank/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Reason.com |date=4 July 2019 |language=en-US}}
FEE publishes books, articles, and pamphlets both on paper and digitally that the foundation considers classic works on liberty.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 | 4a1=Shiflett|4y=2015 | 4p=176 }} These include I, Pencil: My Family Tree by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1958 }} The Law by Bastiat,{{sfn | Bastiat | 1950 }} Anything That's Peaceful by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1998 }} Planned Chaos by Mises,{{sfn | Mises | 1947 }} Industry-Wide Bargaining by Wolman,{{sfn | Wolman | 1948 }} Up from Poverty: Reflections on the Ills of Public Assistance by Sennholz,{{sfn | Sennholz | 1997 }} and The Virtue of Liberty by Machan.{{sfn | Machan | 1994 }}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2021}}
Notes
{{Reflist|group=notes}}
{{Reflist|25em}}
See also
References
{{Refbegin|20em}}
- {{Cite news | last=Ashford | first=Nigel | url=http://www.kosmosonline.org/opportunity/fee-college-summer-seminars | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075414/http://www.kosmosonline.org/opportunity/fee-college-summer-seminars | archive-date=April 26, 2012 | title=FEE College Summer Seminars | work=Kosmos | date=December 22, 2011 | access-date=December 28, 2011 | location=Arlington, VA }}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Bastiat| first = Frédéric| title = The Law| url = http://www.fee.org/files/doclib/20121116_TheLaw.pdf| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1950| oclc = 405451| access-date = 2013-07-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020113325/http://www.fee.org/files/doclib/20121116_TheLaw.pdf| archive-date = 2013-10-20| url-status = dead}}
- {{Cite news | last=Boudreaux | first=Donald | url=https://www.usnews.com/debate-club/should-congress-interfere-with-chinas-currency-policies/a-devalued-renminbi-makes-wealthier-americans | title=A Devalued Renminbi Makes Wealthier Americans | publisher=U.S. News & World Report | work=Debate Club | date=October 13, 2011 | access-date=November 2, 2011 | location=New York }}
- {{Cite book| isbn = 978-1-109-09637-8| last = Burns| first = Jennifer| title = Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right, 1930–1980| date = 2005}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = W.W. Norton | isbn = 978-0-393-07927-2 | last = Dochuk | first = Darren | title = From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism | date = 2010-12-13 }}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education | last = Dodsworth | first = Barbara | title = The Foundation of Historic Irvington | location = Irvington, NY | year = 1995 }}
- {{Cite news|last=Farrell|first=Steve|title=FEE Is Expanding to Atlanta|url=http://www.themoralliberal.com/2011/01/09/fee-is-expanding-to-atlanta/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330183640/http://www.themoralliberal.com/2011/01/09/fee-is-expanding-to-atlanta/|archive-date=March 30, 2012|publisher=The Moral Liberal|year=2011|access-date=October 10, 2011}}
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- {{Cite news | last=Giannotta | first=Marissa | url=http://studentsforliberty.org/news/help-promote-fee-seminars-to-your-campus-group/ | title=Help Promote FEE Seminars to Your Campus Group! | work=Students For Liberty | date=December 8, 2011 | access-date=December 28, 2011 | location=Washington, DC | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128055457/http://studentsforliberty.org/news/help-promote-fee-seminars-to-your-campus-group/ | archive-date=January 28, 2012 | url-status=dead }}
- {{Cite book | url=https://mises.org/books/strictly_confidential_rothbard.pdf | title=Strictly Confidential: The Private Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard | publisher=Ludwig von Mises Institute | last=Gordon | first=David | year=2010 | location=Auburn, AL | page=ix, 14–19 | isbn=978-1-933550-80-0 }}
- {{Cite book |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |title=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |year=2008 |publisher=Sage, Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |doi=10.4135/9781412965811 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024 |lccn=2008009151 |pages=62, 217, 221, 335, 416, 417 |access-date=2016-08-01 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927012307/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |url-status=live }}
- {{Cite journal|last=Hazlitt|first=Henry|title=The Early History of FEE|url=http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-early-history-of-fee#axzz2YZOSx4TX|journal=The Freeman|date=May 1, 2006|orig-date=March 1984|quote=The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B.F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H.W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A.C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B.E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W.C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company.}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Random House Digital | isbn = 978-0-385-52946-4 | last = Heller | first = Anne C. | title = Ayn Rand and the World She Made |year = 2009 }}
- {{Cite report | author-mask = —— | author = Internal Revenue Service | date = 2012 | title = Exempt Organizations Select Check | url = https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/pub78Search.do;jsessionid=3EfG9EszQMVoiQyXYm6Cfw__?ein1=136006960&names=&city=&state=All...&country=US&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=searchCharities&submitName=Search | publisher = Internal Revenue Service | location = Washington, DC | access-date = 2017-08-27 | archive-date = 2017-08-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170829085738/https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/pub78Search.do;jsessionid=3EfG9EszQMVoiQyXYm6Cfw__?ein1=136006960&names=&city=&state=All...&country=US&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=searchCharities&submitName=Search | url-status = live }}
- {{Cite book | title=White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement | publisher=Grove Press | last = Lichtman | first = Allan J | year=2008 | location=New York | pages=160, 171, 173, 206 | isbn=978-0-8021-4420-1}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| isbn = 978-0-910614-93-1| last = Machan | first = Tibor| title = The Virtue of Liberty| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1994 | oclc=717721529 }}
- {{Cite book | first1=Philip | title=The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective | publisher=Harvard University Press | last2=Plehwe | first2=Dieter | last1=Mirowski | year=2009 | location=Cambridge, MA | pages=15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410 | isbn=978-0-674-03318-4}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Mises | first = Ludwig von| title = Planned Chaos| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1947 | isbn= 978-0-910-61400-9 | oclc= 782168388 }}
- {{Cite interview | title=An Inside Look at the Foundation for Economic Education FEE | date=September 28, 2009 | last = Olson | first = Wayne | interviewer=Pete Eyre | work=Motorhome Diaires | location=Irvington, NY}}
- {{Cite news|last1=Olson|first1=Wayne|author-mask=2|title=Strategic Notes from FEE—Bricks & Mortar|url=http://fee.org/publications/detail/strategic-notes-from-feebricks-mortar|access-date=December 3, 2014|publisher=FEE|date=May 1, 2014|archive-date=July 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702023533/http://www.fee.org/publications/detail/strategic-notes-from-feebricks-mortar|url-status=dead}}
- {{Cite news|last1=Olson|first1=Wayne|author-mask=2|title=Passing the Torch: From the Freeman to FEE.org|url=https://fee.org/resources/passing-the-torch-from-the-freeman-to-feeorg/|access-date=October 18, 2016|publisher=FEE|date=September 1, 2016}}
- {{Cite book | title=Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan | publisher=W.W. Norton | last=Phillips-Fein | first=Kim | year=2009 | location=New York | page=ii, 27, 52, 60, 86, 101, 115, 116, 124, 149, 167, 265, 270, 285, 286 | isbn=978-0-393-05930-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/invisiblehandsma00phil }}
- {{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTtE1VpEF40C&q=%22+Foundation+for+Economic+Education%22&pg=PA27 | title=Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique | publisher=Taylor & Francis | last=Plehwe | first=Dieter | year=2006 | location=London | pages=31, 48, 49 | isbn=978-0-415-37327-2 }}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Read | first = Leonard E.| title = Anything That's Peaceful| location= Irvington, NY|year = 1998 |edition=2 | isbn= 978-1-572460-79-9 |oclc=40829866}}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Read| first = Leonard E.| title = I, Pencil: My Family Tree| author-mask = ——| location = Irvington, NY| url = http://www.fee.org/files/doclib/20121114_IPencilUpdatedCover2012.pdf| year = 1958| isbn = 978-1-572462-09-0| oclc = 271625357| access-date = 2013-07-09| archive-date = 2015-01-12| archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150112125138/http://fee.org/files/doclib/20121114_IPencilUpdatedCover2012.pdf| url-status = live}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Ludwig von Mises Institute | isbn = 978-0-945466-46-8 | last = Rothbard | first = Murray N. | title = Making Economic Sense | year = 2006 }}
- {{Cite book | title=The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | last = Schneider | first = Gregory L | year=2009 | location=Lanham, MD | page=47 | isbn=978-0-7425-4284-6}}
- {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| isbn = 978-1-57246-060-7| last = Sennholz | first = Hans| title = Up from Poverty| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1997 |oclc= 36854072 }}
- {{Cite book | page=185 | title=Leonard E. Read, Philosopher of Freedom | publisher=Foundation for Economic Education | year=1993 | last = Sennholz | first = Mary | isbn=978-0-910614-85-6}}
- {{Cite book| publisher = McFarland| isbn = 978-0-7864-9981-6| last = Shiflett| first = Orvin Lee| title = William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing: An Editor's Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy| year= 2015}}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-1-317-45586-8| last = Skousen| first = Mark| title = The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of Great Thinkers| year = 2015}}
- {{Cite speech | last = Smith | first = Vernon L. | title = Human Betterment Through Globalization | date = July 2006 | url = http://heartland.org/sites/all/modules/custom/heartland_migration/files/pdfs/20048.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117215732/https://www.heartland.org/sites/all/modules/custom/heartland_migration/files/pdfs/20048.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 17, 2015 }}
- {{Cite book | title = Irvington | publisher = Arcadia | first1 = Judith D. | last1 = Spikes | first2 = Anne M. | last2 = Leone | year = 2009 | location = Charleston, SC | page = 96 | isbn = 978-0-7385-6519-4 |oclc= 317925879 }}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-63765-7| last = Vaughn| first = Karen I.| title = Austrian Economics in America: The Migration of a Tradition| year= 1998}}
- {{Cite book | title=The Right Guide: A Guide to Conservative, Free-Market, and Right-of-Center Organizations | publisher=Economics America | last = Wilcox | first = Derk A. | year=2000 | location=Ann Arbor, MI | page=151 | isbn=978-0-914169-06-2}}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-1-107-37877-3| last = White| first = Lawrence H.| title = The Clash of Economic Ideas: The Great Policy Debates and Experiments of the Last Hundred Years|year = 2012}}
- {{Cite speech | last = Williams | first = Walter E. | title = 2006 Adam Smith Award Recipient Addresses | date = July 2006 | url = http://heartland.org/sites/all/modules/custom/heartland_migration/files/pdfs/20048.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117215732/https://www.heartland.org/sites/all/modules/custom/heartland_migration/files/pdfs/20048.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 17, 2015 }}
- {{Cite book| publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Wolman| first = Leo| title = Industry-Wide Bargaining| url = http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/socmovements/Pages/viewtext.php?s=browse&by=title&route=browseby.php&tid=2335| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1948| oclc = 785021186| access-date = 2013-07-09| archive-date = 2015-11-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030740/http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/socmovements/Pages/viewtext.php?s=browse&by=title&route=browseby.php&tid=2335| url-status = live}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{official website}}
- {{ProPublicaNonprofitExplorer|136006960}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Foundation For Economic Education}}
Category:Organizations established in 1946
Category:Political and economic think tanks in the United States
Category:Libertarian think tanks
Category:Libertarian organizations based in the United States
Category:Charities based in Georgia (U.S. state)