:Messier 100

File:Widefield View of M100.png

After the discovery of M100 by Méchain, Charles Messier made observations of the galaxy depicting it as a nebula without a star. He pointed out that it was difficult to recognize the nebula because of its faintness. William Herschel was able to identify a bright cluster of stars within the "nebula" during his observations. His son John expanded the findings in 1833. With the advent of better telescopes, John Herschel was able to see a round, brighter galaxy; however, he also mentioned that it was barely visible through clouds. William Henry Smyth extended the studies of M100, detailing it as a pearly white nebula and pointing out diffuse spots.

Messier 100 is considered a starburst galaxy

{{cite journal

|author=Wozniak, H. |author2=Friedli, D. |author3=Martinet, L. |author4=Pfenniger, D.

|date=1999

|title=Double-barred starburst galaxies viewed by ISOCAM

|journal=The Universe as Seen by ISO.

|volume=427 |pages=989

|bibcode = 1999ESASP.427..989W}} with the strongest star formation activity concentrated in its center, within a ring – actually two tightly wound spiral arms attached to a small nuclear bar of radius: one thousand parsecs

{{cite journal

|author=Sakamoto, Kazushi |display-authors=4 |author2=Okumura, Sachiko |author3=Minezaki, Takeo |author4=Kobayashi, Yukiyasu |author5=Wada, Keiichi

|date=1995

|title=Bar-Driven Gas Structure and Star Formation in the Center of M100

|journal=The Astronomical Journal

|volume=110 |issue=3 |page=2075

|doi = 10.1086/117670 |bibcode = 1995AJ....110.2075S}} – where star formation has been taking place for at least 500 million years in separate bursts.

{{cite journal

|author=Allard, E. L. |author2=Knapen, J. H. |author3=Peletier, R. F. |author4=Sarzi, M.

|date=2006

|title=The star formation history and evolution of the circumnuclear region of M100

|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

|volume=371 |issue=3 |pages=1087–1105

|doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10751.x |doi-access=free |bibcode = 2006MNRAS.371.1087A|arxiv = astro-ph/0606490 |s2cid=119370091 }}

As usual on spiral galaxies of the Virgo Cluster, in the rest of the disk both star formation

{{cite journal

| author=R. A. Koopmann |author2=J. D. P. Kenney

| date=2004

| title=Hα Morphologies and Environmental Effects in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies

| journal=Astrophysical Journal

| volume=613

| issue= 2 | pages=866–885

| bibcode=2004ApJ...613..866K

| doi= 10.1086/423191

|arxiv = astro-ph/0406243 |s2cid=17519217

}} and neutral hydrogen, of which M100 is deficient compared to isolated spiral galaxies of similar Hubble type,

{{cite journal

|last1=Chung |first1=A. |display-authors=4 |last2=Van Gorkom |first2=J.H. |last3=Kenney |first3=J.F.P. |last4=Crowl |first4=Hugh |last5=Vollmer |first5=B.

|date=2009

|title=VLA Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (VIVA). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties

|journal=The Astronomical Journal

|volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1741–1816

|bibcode=2009AJ....138.1741C

|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741

|doi-access=free }} are truncated within the galaxy's disk, which is caused by interactions with the intracluster medium of Virgo.

File:Noirlab2019b.jpg

Seven supernovae have been identified in M100:

• On 17 March 1901 Heber Curtis discovered SN 1901B (type I, mag. 15.6),{{cite journal|bibcode=1917BHarO.642....1P |title=Ritchie's Nova |last1=Pickering |first1=E. C. |journal=Harvard College Observatory Bulletin |date=1917 |volume=642 |page=1}}

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 1901B

|access-date=2010-02-23

}} at 110"W and 4"N from the galaxy's nucleus.{{cite journal | bibcode=1917LicOB...9..108C | title=Three novae in spiral nebulae | last1=Curtis | first1=Heber Doust | journal=Lick Observatory Bulletin | date=1917 | volume=300 | page=108 | doi=10.5479/ADS/bib/1917LicOB.9.108C }}

• Heber Curtis discovered SN 1914A (type unknown, mag. 15.7)

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 1914A

|access-date=2010-02-23

}} on 2 March 1914, at 24"E and 111"S from the galaxy's nucleus.

• Milton Humason, with observations from early to mid 1960,{{efn|February 21 to June 17}} discovered SN 1959E (type I, mag. 17.5),

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 1959E

|access-date=2010-02-23

}} located 58"E and 21"S from the galaxy's nucleus.{{cite journal | author=Humason, M. L.; Gomes, Alercio M.; Kearns, C. E. | title=The 1960 Palomar Supernova Search | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=73 | issue=432 | pages=175 | year=1961 | doi=10.1086/127650 | doi-access=free| bibcode=1961PASP...73..175H }}

• On 15 April 1979, amateur astronomer Gus Johnson discovered SN 1979C, the first type II supernova found in the M100 galaxy. However, the star faded quickly, and later observations from x-ray to radio wavelengths revealed its remnant.

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 1979C

|access-date=2010-02-23

}}{{cite journal | bibcode=1979IAUC.3348....1M | author=International Astronomical Union | title=IAU Circular 3348 | journal=International Astronomical Union Circulars | number=3348 | year=1979 | volume=3348 | page=1 | url=https://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03300/03348.html | access-date=2024-11-25}}

• SN 2006X (type Ia, mag. 15.3) was discovered by Shoji Suzuki and Marco Migliardi on 7 February 2006, two weeks before fading to magnitude 17.

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 2006X

|access-date=2010-02-23

}}{{cite journal|bibcode=2006IAUC.8667....1P |title=Supernovae 2006U, 2006V, 2006W, 2006X. (Lick Observatory Supernova Search) |last1=Ponticello |first1=N. J. |last2=Burket |first2=J. |last3=Li |first3=W. |last4=Chen |first4=Y. -T. |last5=Yang |first5=M. |last6=Lin |first6=C. -S. |last7=Soma |first7=M. |last8=Migliardi |first8=M. |last9=Dimai |first9=A. |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |date=2006 |issue=8667 |page=1 | url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08600/08667.html}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2006X | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2006X | publisher = IAU | access-date=1 January 2025}}

• Jaroslaw Grzegorzek discovered SN 2019ehk (type{{nbsp}}Ib, mag. 16.5) on 29 April 2019. The supernova reached a peak magnitude of approximately 15.8.{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2019ehk | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2019ehk | publisher = IAU | access-date=25 November 2024}}
• SN 2020oi (type{{nbsp}}Ic, mag. 17.28) was discovered by Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) on 7 January 2020.

{{cite simbad

|title=SN 2020oi

|access-date=2010-02-23

}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2020oi | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2020oi | publisher = IAU | access-date=1 January 2025}}

• List of Messier objects

{{reflist|30em}}

{{notelist}}

{{commons|Messier 100|Messier 100}}

• [http://messier.seds.org/m/m100.html SEDS: Spiral Galaxy 100]
• {{Sky-Map.org}}
• [http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/archive/freesearch/messier+100/viewall/1 ESA/Hubble Messier 100]
• [https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150211.html NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day]

{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}

{{Messier objects}}

{{NGC objects:4000-4499}}

{{Coma Berenices}}

{{Sky|12|22|54.8616|+|15|49|17.886|52500000}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Messier 100}}

Category:Messier 100

Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies

Category:Coma Berenices

100

Category:NGC objects

17810413

Category:Virgo Cluster

Category:Discoveries by Pierre Méchain

07450

+03-32-015

12204+1605

040153