:Muzaffarnagar
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Muzaffarnagar
| official_name =
| settlement_type = City
| nickname = Sugar Bowl of Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|29.482|77.700|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name1 = Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_name2 = Muzaffarnagar
| established_title = First Settled
| established_date = 1399
| established_title1 = Founded
| established_date1 = 1633
| established_title2 = Incorporated as City
| established_date2 = 1826
| founder = Syed Muzaffar Ali Khan
| named_for = Syed Muzaffar Ali Khan
| governing_body = Municipal Board of Muzaffarnagar
| leader_party =
| leader_title = District Magistrate
| leader_name = Arvind Mallappa Bangari
IAS{{Cite web|url=https://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/dm-profile/|title=Who's Who|website=muzaffarnagar.nic.in|access-date=15 May 2019}}
| leader_title1 = Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
| leader_name1 = Harendra Singh Malik (SP)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 204.8
| length_km =
| width_km =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 267
| population_total = 494,792
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 15 (In U.P.)
| population_blank1_title = City
| population_blank1 = 351,838
| population_demonym = Muzaffarnagri
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = Urdu
| demographics1_title3 = Native
| demographics1_info3 = Khariboli
| demographics1_title4 = Literacy rate
| demographics1_info4 = 85.16
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 251001
| postal2_code_type = PIN
| postal2_code = 251002
| area_code = 0131
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-12
| blank_name_sec1 = First newspaper
| blank_info_sec1 = Dainik Dehat (est. 1936)
| website = {{URL|muzaffarnagar.nic.in}}
| leader_title2 = Member of Legislative Assembly
| leader_name2 = Kapil Dev Agarwal (BJP)
}}
Muzaffarnagar ({{IPA|hi|mʊzəfːəɾ.nəgəɾ}}, {{IPA|hi|mʊd͡ʒəp.pʰəɾ.nəgəɾ|also}}) is a city under Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on the Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh.
The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh.
History
File:The Decapitation of Khan Jahan Lodi.jpg
The earliest settlers of Muzaffarnagar and the region around it were Brahmins and Rajputs, followed by later migrations of Jat and Gurjar tribes. The town was established in 1633 by the son of a Mughal Commander Sayyid Muzaffar Khan Barha, otherwise known as Khan-i-Jahan,{{cite book |author=Cadell |first=Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HoIAAAAQAAJ&dq=sayyids+jansath&pg=RA4-PA31 |title=Settlement Report of the District of Muzaffarnagar: Including a Report on the Permanent Settlement of the Western Parganas of the District, and Also a Report on the Settlement of the Ganges Canal Tract |date=1873 |publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press |page=31 |author-link=Alan Cadell}} during the reign of Shah Jahan. At the time Muzaffarnagar was part of the Barah country as it was intimately connected with the Indian Muslim kinship group called the Barah Sayyids,{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=snpCAAAAIAAJ&dq=muzaffarnagar+barha+country&pg=PA266 |page=266 |author= David Ross |title= The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh |date= 1883 }} who controlled the upper Doab.{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=25MbAQAAIAAJ&dq=sayyid+barha+rural&pg=PA68 |title= The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Volume 10 |page=68 |author= William Wilson Hunter |date=1885 |publisher=the University of California |isbn= 978-81-7019-108-7 }}{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SW45AAAAIAAJ&q=muzaffarnagar+barha+country |title= Islamic Culture:Volume 7 |page=439 |author= Marmaduke William Pickthall, Muhammad Asad |date=1933 }} From Muzaffarnagar, the influential Sayyid brothers became de-facto rulers of the Mughal empire in the 1710s. The Indian Muslim inhabitants of Barha especially from near the town of Jansath were heavily recruited in the Mughal army and in the personal cavalry of the Sayyid Brothers.{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-VbRAAAAMAAJ&q=khafi+khan+the+syeds+barha+non-muslims |title= Discovery of Pakistan |author= Abdul Aziz |date= 1964 |publisher= the University of Michigan |page= 136 }}
In 1901, during the British Raj, it was a district in the Meerut Division in United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_089.gif Muzaffarnagar District] The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 18, p. 83. In 1947, when the country got independence Indian flag was hoisted for the first time in the Muzaffarnagar City.{{cite web| title = Muzaffarnagar City|publisher=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Digital South Asia Library, Volume 18|page= 93|year=1909| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_099.gif|access-date=9 September 2013}}
On 18 October 1976, during "The Emergency, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of democracy in India, between 25 and 30 people protesting against compulsory sterilisation were killed when Uttar Pradesh police fired into the crowd.[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/emergency-excesses-still-families-in-muzaffarnagar/article7371660.ece Emergency excesses still haunt Khalapar], by Mohammad Ali, The Hindu (Chennai, Tamil Nadu), 1 July 2015
=2013 Muzaffarnagar riots=
The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-data-of-riot-victims-identifying-religion/articleshow/22998550.cms|title=Government releases data of riot victims identifying religion|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 September 2013|access-date=11 July 2014}}
According to a May 2015 report in India Today:{{Blockquote|Shamli and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/western-up-violence-shamli-clashes-tablighi-jamaat-clerics-kandhla-station-bsp-sp/1/433489.html|title=Western Uttar Pradesh tense after communal violence in Shamli|publisher=India Today|date=4 May 2015|access-date=25 September 2016}}}}
Geography
{{See also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}}
=Topography=
Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Muzaffarnagar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarnagar, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=1 February 2018}} in the Doab region of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is 125 kilometres north east of the national capital, New Delhi, and 200 kilometres south east of Chandigarh, and near to Roorkee, Saharanpur, Meerut & Bijnor.
=Climate=
{{Main|Climate of Uttar Pradesh}}
Muzaffarnagar has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
The temperature in June averages 30.2 °C. In January, the average temperature goes to as low as 7 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2 °C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are {{convert|45|C|F}} on 29 May 1994 and {{convert|-2.6|C|F}} on 23 December 1990 respectively. The rainfall averages 929 mm. The driest month is November, with 8 mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4 mm.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
According to the World Air Quality Report 2024, Muzaffarnagar is one of the 20 most polluted cities in India.{{Cite news |date=2025-03-12 |title=With 13 of 20 most polluted cities, India ranks 5th globally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-13-of-20-most-polluted-cities-india-ranks-5th-globally/articleshow/118909491.cms |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}
{{Weather box|width = auto
| collapsed =
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Muzaffarnagar (1991–2020, extremes 1981–2020)
| temperature colour =
| Jan record high C = 28.9
| Feb record high C = 31.5
| Mar record high C = 37.4
| Apr record high C = 42.6
| May record high C = 45.0
| Jun record high C = 44.4
| Jul record high C = 42.0
| Aug record high C = 39.0
| Sep record high C = 37.0
| Oct record high C = 35.8
| Nov record high C = 33.1
| Dec record high C = 28.8
| year record high C = 45.0
| Jan high C = 19.0
| Feb high C = 23.0
| Mar high C = 28.2
| Apr high C = 34.8
| May high C = 37.6
| Jun high C = 36.2
| Jul high C = 33.2
| Aug high C = 32.5
| Sep high C = 32.5
| Oct high C = 31.1
| Nov high C = 26.5
| Dec high C = 21.5
| year high C = 29.7
| Jan low C = 5.8
| Feb low C = 8.7
| Mar low C = 12.9
| Apr low C = 18.1
| May low C = 22.4
| Jun low C = 24.3
| Jul low C = 25.0
| Aug low C = 24.6
| Sep low C = 22.6
| Oct low C = 16.2
| Nov low C = 10.1
| Dec low C = 6.3
| year low C = 16.5
| Jan record low C = -0.9
| Feb record low C = 1.5
| Mar record low C = 0.0
| Apr record low C = 6.2
| May record low C = 11.0
| Jun record low C = 15.4
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 17.4
| Sep record low C = 12.6
| Oct record low C = 7.0
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -2.6
| year record low C = -2.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 20.5
| Feb rain mm = 32.2
| Mar rain mm = 25.0
| Apr rain mm = 13.4
| May rain mm = 29.2
| Jun rain mm = 90.6
| Jul rain mm = 232.0
| Aug rain mm = 232.5
| Sep rain mm = 162.3
| Oct rain mm = 21.2
| Nov rain mm = 6.4
| Dec rain mm = 7.3
| year rain mm = 872.5
| Jan rain days = 1.7
| Feb rain days = 2.4
| Mar rain days = 2.2
| Apr rain days = 1.3
| May rain days = 2.4
| Jun rain days = 4.4
| Jul rain days = 9.2
| Aug rain days = 9.6
| Sep rain days = 5.7
| Oct rain days = 1.0
| Nov rain days = 0.6
| Dec rain days = 0.7
| year rain days = 41.2
| time day = 17:30 IST
| Jan humidity = 58
| Feb humidity = 50
| Mar humidity = 44
| Apr humidity = 32
| May humidity = 34
| Jun humidity = 49
| Jul humidity = 70
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 65
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 57
| year humidity = 53
| source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = April 8, 2024
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Muzaffarnagar Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 515–516
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}
}}
Demographics
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the}} 2011 census, Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 351,838 The municipality had a sex ratio of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.01% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 85.16%; male literacy was 88.83% and female literacy was 81.05%. The urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.
=Religion=
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Muzaffarnagar City (2011)
| label1 = Hinduism
| value1 = 55.79
| color1 = darkorange
| label2 = Islam
| value2 = 41.39
| color2 = Green
| label3 = Jainism
| value3 = 1.76
| color3 = Brown
| label4 = Other
| value4 = 2
| color4 = Black
}}
The city has 55.79% Hindus, 41.39% Muslims, 1.7% Jains, 0.67% Sikhs, 0.67% Buddhists and 0.17% Christians{{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}
=Language=
Economy
{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2017}}
Sugar and Muzaffarnagar jaggery production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of jaggery trading business.{{cite news|title=Muzaffarnagar clashes sour its famed jaggery business|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-19/news/42217995_1_muzaffarnagar-jaggery-arun-khandelwal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721011326/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-19/news/42217995_1_muzaffarnagar-jaggery-arun-khandelwal|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2014|date=19 September 2013|access-date=10 July 2014|agency=India Times|publisher=indiatimes.com}}
Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with sugar, steel and paper being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm Indicus Analytics, Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
Healthcare
Muzaffaranagar has both public and private healthcare system. The District hospital is the major government hospital in the city along with several general practitioners in the city. The city is also catered by a private medical college (Muzaffarnagar Medical College) on the outskirts of the city.
Transportation
File:Bada Darwaza (Front Gate) Kakrouli Muzaffarnagar.jpg
File:Muzaffarnagar railway station.jpg
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}
Muzaffarnagar connected by road and railway networks. The Ghaziabad - Saharanpur line passes through the city. Indian Railways provides connections to New Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, South India, and other parts of the country. Dehradun Shatabdi Express and Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express trains pass through and halt at the Muzaffarnagar station. {{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
File:National Highway 58 (India).png
The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as Badrinath and Kedarnath are served by this highway.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}
=Environmental concerns=
Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to Uttarakhand Rishikesh (the NH-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town of Khatauli is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight of deer and rabbits and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owned dhabas and resorts thus sidelining the animals.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}
Notable people
{{famous|date=January 2017}}
- Kapil Dev Agarwal, politician, MLA from Muzaffarnagar City and state minister in Uttar Pradesh Government.
- Gourav Baliyan, wrestler
- Rajpal Singh Baliyan, political figure, MLA from Budhana Assembly Seat.
- Sanjeev Balyan, politician, former Minister of State for Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
- Kartar Singh Bhadana, political figure{{cite news|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/khatauli.html|access-date=18 May 2018|title=Elections: Uttar Pradesh Assembly}}
- Kamna Chandra, Haryana film writer
- Sumit Jain, entrepreneur, co-founder & CEO Opentalk.to | co-founder and ex-CEO of Commonfloor.com
- Divya Kakran, wrestler
- Swami Kalyandev (1876–2004), an ascetic in the fields of education and social reform, awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government
- Amir Alam Khan, former M.P. and Uttar Pradesh minister, chairman of Bharat groups of colleges
- Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (once lived in Muzaffarnagar)
- Nawazish Alam Khan, former MLA from Bhudana Vidhansabha
- Nishu Kumar, Indian professional football player, plays as full back at Kerala Blasters FC and India.
- Harendra Singh Malik, Lok Sabha MP from Muzaffarnagar constituency
- Pankaj Kumar Malik, political figure, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat.
- Alam Muzaffarnagari, Indian Urdu writer
- Mithlesh Pal, political figure, MLA from Meerapur(Muzaffarnagar) Assembly Seat falls in Bijnor constituency.
- Vishnu Prabhakar, novelist, writer, journalist{{cite news|url= https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_Prabhakar|title= Vishnu Prabhakar}}
- Sultan Rahi, Pakistani actor
- Kadir Rana, politician, former Lok Sabha MP from Muzaffarnagar constituency
- Shahnawaz Rana, politician, former M.L.A from Bijnor constituency, Uttar pradesh
- Sumit Rathi, Indian football player, plays for ATK and Indian U-17 Football Team
- Rajpal Singh Saini, political figure
- Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Bollywood actor
- Narain Singh, Gurjar leader and deputy chief minister of UP
- Brahma Singh, scientist and agriculturist; awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government.
- Shaukat Thanvi, Pakistani author who wrote Qazi G
- Rakesh Tikait, Farmer leader
- A. M. Turaz, Indian poet, lyricist, and script writer
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Muzaffarnagar}}
- [http://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/ Muzaffarnagar Official website]
{{Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{Saharanpur division topics}}
{{Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muzaffarnagar}}