:Ocoee, Florida

In the mid-1850s, Dr. J.D. Starke, stricken with malaria, took a group of slaves, similarly stricken, to the north side of an open pine wooded lake that provided clear and clean water to avoid further malaria outbreaks. The camp built by the group provided a base of operations from which to commute during the day to work the fields near Lake Apopka and rest at night.

As the camp grew into a village, it took the name Starke Lake, a name the lake upon which the group settled bears to this day. The city's population increased further after the American Civil War as Confederate soldiers and their families settled into the area, including Captain Bluford Sims and General William Temple Withers who wintered at the location.{{cite news|last=Maguire|first=Nancy|date=September 17, 1998|title=Ocoee House Is Gateway To Past|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1998/09/17/ocoee-house-is-gateway-to-past/|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|location=Orlando|publisher=Tribune|access-date=March 24, 2014|archive-date=March 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324223704/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1998-09-17/features/9809120576_1_nancy-maguire-ocoee-toured-the-house|url-status=live}} Captain Sims received a land grant for a 74-acre parcel to the west of Starke Lake in what is now the downtown portion of Ocoee on October 5, 1883.{{cite book|last=Fyotek|first=Cassandra|date=2009|title=Historic Orange County:The Story of Orlando and Orange County|publisher=Historical Publishing Network|pages=144|isbn=978-1893619999}} In 1886, Captain Sims, along with a group of original settlers, led an effort to have the town platted and changed the name to Ocoee, after a river he grew up near in Tennessee. Ocoee is a Cherokee Indian word anglicized from uwagahi, meaning "apricot vine place"[http://www.floridaleagueofcities.com/Directory.aspx?iID=363 "City of Ocoee"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626205324/http://www.floridaleagueofcities.com/Directory.aspx?iID=363 |date=2013-06-26 }} at Florida League of Cities municipal directory. Retrieved 15 September 2016. and this inspired the choice of the city's flower.[http://www.ocoee.org/728/City-History "City History"] at City of Ocoee official website. Retrieved September 15, 2016.

Bluford Sims began groundbreaking work in budding wild orange trees while in Ocoee. His commercial citrus nursery was the first in the United States in Ocoee, supplying many other groves in Florida with their first trees as well as shipping young citrus trees to California. The construction of the Florida Midland Railroad in the 1880s spurred growth in the area and many more settlers moved in.

{{main|Ocoee massacre}}

On November 2, 1920, after July Perry and Mose Norman, two Black men, attempted to vote and encouraged other Black people to vote, the entire Black population of the town was attacked by a mob organized by the Ku Klux Klan. On the night of the massacre, white World War I veterans from throughout Orange County murdered dozens of African-American residents.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wesh.com/article/ocoee-leaders-seek-eminent-domain-over-area-believed-to-be-historic-black-cemetery/30434506|title=Ocoee leaders seek eminent domain over area believed to be historic black cemetery|first=Bob|last=Hazen|date=January 7, 2020|website=WESH|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=September 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912063526/https://www.wesh.com/article/ocoee-leaders-seek-eminent-domain-over-area-believed-to-be-historic-black-cemetery/30434506|url-status=live}} At least 24 Black homes were burned, the institutions constituting the Black community were destroyed, and Perry was lynched.{{cite news |last1=Brockell |first1=Gillian |title=A White mob unleashed the worst Election Day violence in U.S. history in Florida a century ago |url=https://www.chron.com/news/article/A-White-mob-unleashed-the-worst-Election-Day-15693837.php |access-date=2 November 2020 |newspaper=The Washington Post |via=Chron|date=2 November 2020}} Before the massacre, Ocoee's Black population numbered approximately five hundred; after the massacre, however, the Black population was nearly eliminated. For more than 40 years, Ocoee remained an all-white sundown town.Edward Ericson Jr. [http://www.orlandoweekly.com/news/story.asp?id=897 "Dead Wrong."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812012452/http://www2.orlandoweekly.com/news/story.asp?id=897 |date=August 12, 2011 }} Orlando Weekly. October 1, 1998. Retrieved September 15, 2016.[http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall01/white/default.html Go Ahead On, Ocoee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110013256/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall01/white/default.html |date=January 10, 2013 }} - A Narrative Documentary Film by Bianca White & Sandra Krasa. In 2018, the city commission issued a proclamation formally acknowledging the massacre and declaring that Ocoee is no longer a sundown town.{{cite news|title=Ocoee, where massacre occurred in 1920, aims to shed past reputation as 'sundown' town|first=Stephen|last=Hudak|work=Orlando Sentinel|location=Orlando, Florida|date=November 20, 2018|page=A1|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orange/os-ne-ocoee-massacre-proclamation-20181115-story.html|access-date=March 11, 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328001748/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orange/os-ne-ocoee-massacre-proclamation-20181115-story.html|url-status=live}}

Ocoee was incorporated in 1922 (or 1923) and became a city in 1925.

Highway construction was the impetus for Ocoee's growth in the 20th century. State Road 50 (SR 50) was constructed south of downtown Ocoee in 1959 and provided a direct east-west connection between the City and a growing Orlando. The development of what would become Florida State Road 50 made the town more accessible to housing developers. Florida's Turnpike was opened just south of downtown Ocoee in 1964. In late 1990, Ocoee was connected to Orlando by a western extension of Florida State Road 408 (the East-West Expressway) which then joined the Florida's Turnpike south of SR 50. In 2000, the completion of Florida State Road 429 (the Western Expressway) linked Ocoee with Walt Disney World to the south.

The approximate coordinates for the City of Ocoee is located at {{coord|28.574050|-81.530596|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085937/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|url-status=live}}

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|40.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|38.1|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|2.5|km2|order=flip}} (6.12%) is water.{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Ocoee city, Florida|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=December 27, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, the City of Ocoee has a humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa).

{{Orlando, Florida weatherbox}}

{{US Census population

| 1920 = 815

| 1920n = {{cite web|url=https://bendingtowardjustice.cah.ucf.edu/index.php/chapter-1-all/#:~:text=The%20population%20at%20Ocoee%20in,residents%20had%20fallen%20to%20two.|title=The Town of Ocoee|publisher=bendingtowardjustice.cah.ucf.edu|access-date=March 23, 2025|archive-date=March 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323203142/https://bendingtowardjustice.cah.ucf.edu/index.php/chapter-1-all/}}

| 1930 = 794

| 1940 = 702

| 1950 = 1370

| 1960 = 2628

| 1970 = 3937

| 1980 = 7803

| 1990 = 12778

| 2000 = 24391

| 2010 = 35579

| 2020 = 47295

| align-fn = center

| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-date=April 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|url-status=live}}

}}

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 47,295 people, 14,428 households, and 11,474 families residing in the city.{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Ocoee city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Ocoee+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101|website=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 27, 2023|archive-date=September 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912063411/https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Ocoee+city;+Florida+|url-status=live}}

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 35,579 people, 11,586 households, and 9,178 families residing in the city.{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Ocoee city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Ocoee+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2010.S1101|website=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 27, 2023|archive-date=September 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912063424/https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2010.S1101?q=Ocoee+city;+Florida+|url-status=live}}

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,391 people, 8,072 households, and 6,554 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,843.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 8,405 housing units at an average density of {{convert|635.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 81.47% White, 6.59% African American, 0.35% Native American, 2.93% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 6.22% from other races, and 2.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.20% of the population.

In 2000, there were 8,072 households, out of which 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.8% were non-families. 13.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.28.

In 2000, in the city, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $53,225, and the median income for a family was $56,865. Males had a median income of $33,628 versus $26,519 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,896. About 4.2% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Ocoee was served by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. The Ocoee station burned in a fire of undetermined origin on December 4, 1928.Associated Press, "Station burns down", Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Sarasota, Florida, Wednesday, December 5, 1928, Volume 4, Number 51, page one.

The Tavares and Gulf Railroad's terminus was in Ocoee. Its former station still stands and is the home of the Ocoee Lions Club.

Residents are zoned to Orange County Public Schools."[http://www.ocoee.org/DocumentCenter/View/2628 Zoning Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035029/http://www.ocoee.org/DocumentCenter/View/2628 |date=April 22, 2017 }}. Ocoee, Florida. Retrieved on April 22, 2017.

High schools serving sections of Ocoee include Ocoee High School,"[https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/Ocoee%20HS%202015.pdf Ocoee High School Attendance Zone]." Orange County Public Schools Office of Planning & Governmental Relations. January 9, 2015. Retrieved on April 22, 2017. {{Archive url|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422134315/https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/Ocoee%20HS%202015.pdf|date=2017-04-22}} West Orange High School."[https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/West%20Orange%20HS%202017.pdf West Orange High School Zone] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422125405/https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/West%20Orange%20HS%202017.pdf |date=2017-04-22 }}." Orange County Public Schools Department of Pupil Assignment. January 7, 2017. Retrieved on April 22, 2017. and Olympia High School."[https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/Olympia%20HS%202015.pdf Olympia High School Zone] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093119/https://www2.ocps.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Student%20Enrollment/School%20Attendance%20Zone%20Maps/Olympia%20HS%202015.pdf |date=2017-04-21 }}." Orange County Public Schools Department of Pupil Assignment. February 11, 2016. Retrieved on April 21, 2017.

• Brian Barber, former MLB player and amateur scouting director for the Philadelphia Phillies
• Bart Bryant, professional golfer
• Aubrey Perry, soccer player
• Grant Riller, professional basketball player

• List of sundown towns in the United States
• Ocoee Christian Church

{{Reflist}}

{{Notelist}}

• [http://www.ocoee.org/ City of Ocoee official website]

{{Orange County, Florida}}

{{Metro Orlando}}

{{Florida}}

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Category:Cities in Orange County, Florida

Category:Greater Orlando

Category:Cities in Florida

Category:1850s establishments in Florida

Category:Sundown towns in Florida