:Papyrus 45

{{New Testament manuscript infobox

| form = Papyrus

| number = 45

| image = P. Chester Beatty I, folio 13-14, recto.jpg

| isize =

| caption= Folios 13-14 with part of the Gospel of Luke

| name = P. Chester Beatty I

| sign = {{papyrus|45}}

| text = Gospels, Acts

| script = Greek

| date = c. 250

| found = Egypt

| now at = Chester Beatty Library

| cite = F.G. Kenyon, The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri (London: E. Walker), 1933

| size = 30 leaves; 10 in x 8 in

| type = eclectic text-type

| cat = I

}}

Papyrus 45 (P. Chester Beatty I) is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the Chester Beatty Papyri, a group of early Christian manuscripts discovered in the 1930s, and purchased by business man and philanthropist, Alfred Chester Beatty.{{Cite book | first=Brent | last=Nongbri | title=God's Library: The Archaeology of the Earliest Christian Manuscripts | pages=116–122 | year=2018 | publisher=Yale University Press | location=New Haven; London | isbn=978-0-300-21541-0 }} It is designated by the siglum {{papyrus|45}} in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Beatty purchased the manuscript in the 1930s from an Egyptian book dealer, and it was subsequently published in The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible by palaeographer, biblical and classical scholar Frederic G. Kenyon in 1933.{{r|nongbri|p=121, 118}} Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several places of discovery associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum in Egypt (the dry sands of Egypt have been a haven for finding very early manuscripts since the late 1800s).See main Chester Beatty Papyri page for full info. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the early 3rd century CE.{{Cite book | first = Frederic G. | last = Kenyon | author-link = Frederic G. Kenyon | title = The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus I, General Introduction | publisher = Emery Walker Ltd | year = 1933 | page = x }} This therefore makes it the earliest example of not only the four Gospels contained in one volume, but also the Acts of the Apostles.{{r|nongbri|p=134}} It contains verses in fragmentary form from the texts of Matthew chapters 20–21 and 25–26; Mark chapters 4–9 and 11–12; Luke chapters 6–7 and 9–14; John chapters 4–5 and 10–11; and Acts chapters 4–17.{{Cite book | first=Frederic G. | last=Kenyon | author-link=Frederic G. Kenyon | title=The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus II, The Gospels and Acts, Text | year=1933 | publisher=Emery Walker Ltd }}{{rp|vii}}

The manuscript is currently housed at the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, Ireland, except for one leaf containing Matt. 25:41–26:39, which is in the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library in Vienna (Pap. Vindob. G. 31974).{{Cite web | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10045 | title=Liste Handschriften | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research | location=Münster | access-date=26 August 2011 }}{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link1=Kurt Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | year=1989 | publisher=Eerdmans | location=Stuttgart | isbn=3-438-06011-6 }}{{rp|109}}

Description

The manuscript is heavily damaged and fragmented. The papyrus was bound in a codex (the forerunner to the modern book), which may have consisted of 220 pages, however only 30 survive (two of Matthew, six of Mark, seven of Luke, two of John, and thirteen of Acts).{{r|TNTTCR|p=54}} It was made up of quires of two leaves (four pages) only, which were formed by folding a single sheet of papyrus in half, with the horizontal fibres (due to how papyrus is made from strips of the papyrus plant) facing each other on the inside pages, while the outsides had the vertical fibres. The order of fibres in the quire may thus be designated V-H-H-V, and this sequence is a vital factor in the reconstruction of the manuscript.{{r|skeat}} All of the pages have gaps, with very few lines complete.{{r|TNTTCR|p=54}} The leaves of Matthew and John are only extant in small fragments, which have to be pieced together in order to make up a page.{{r|TNTTCR|p=54}} The original pages were roughly 10 inches by 8 inches.{{r|TNTTCR|p=54}} Unlike many of the other surviving manuscripts from the 3rd century which usually contained just the Gospels, or just the Catholic letters, or just the Pauline epistles, this manuscript possibly contained more than one grouping of New Testament texts.{{r|TNTTCR|p=54}} This hypothesis is attributed to the use of gatherings of two leaves, known as a single-quire, whereas most other codices were made from multiple pages in a single quire (all pages put on top of each other, then folded in the middle to make a single block), or of multiple pages split into several quires (groups of 8–10 pages laid on top of each other, then folded in half to make separate blocks), which were then stitched together to make a full volume.{{cite book | first1=Bruce M. | last1=Metzger | author-link1=Bruce M. Metzger | first2=Bart D. | last2=Ehrman | author-link2=Bart D. Ehrman | title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition=4th | year=2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York, New York | isbn=978-019-516667-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/TheTextOfNewTestament4thEdit/page/n72/mode/2up }}{{rp|54, fn. 5}} It is unknown whether the codex was enclosed in a leather cover or one of another material.{{r|fasc-II|p=vii}}

Despite the fragmentary nature, the codex has evidence of the following verses from the New Testament:

Book	Chapter and Verse(s)
class="wikitable" \|+ Extant Verses in {{papyrus\|45}}{{Cite journal \| first1=Hans \| last1=Gerstinger \| title=Ein Fragment des Chester Beatty-Evangelienkodex in der Papyrussammlung der National Bibliothek in Wien (Pap. gr. Vindob 31974) \| journal=Aegyptus \| volume=13 \| date=1933 \| issue=1 \| pages=67–72 \| jstor=41214242 }}{{Cite journal \| first1=Theodore Creasy \| last1=Skeat \| first2=Brian C. \| last2=McGing \| title=Notes on Chester Beatty Biblical Papyrus I (Gospels and Acts) \| journal=Hermathena \| issue=150 \| date=1991 \| pages=21–25 \| jstor=23040950 }}{{r\|fasc-II\|p=vii}}
Matthew	20:24–32; 21:13–19; 25:41–46; 26:1–39
Mark	4:36–40; 5:15–26, 38–43; 6:1–3, 16–25, 36–50; 7:3–15, 25–37; 8:1, 10–26, 34–38; 9:1–8, 18–31; 11:27–33; 12:1, 5–8, 13–19, 24–28
Luke	6:31–41, 45–49; 7:1–7; 9:26–41, 45–62; 10:1, 6–22, 26–2; 11:1, 6–25, 28–46, 50–54; 12:1–12, 18–37, 42–59; 13:1, 6–24, 29–35; 14:1–10, 17–33
John	4:51–54; 5:1–3, 20–25; 10:7–25, 31–42; 11:1–10, 18–36, 43–57
Acts	4:27–36; 5:1–20, 30–39; 6:7–15; 7:1–2, 10–21, 32–41, 52–60; 8:1, 14–25, 34–40; 9:1–6, 16–27, 35–43; 10:1–2, 10–23, 31–41; 11:2–14, 24–30; 12:1–5, 13–22; 13:6–16, 25–36, 46–52; 14:1–3, 15–23; 15:2–7, 19–26, 38–41; 16:1–4, 15–21, 32–40; 17:9–17

Textual character

Because of the extent of the damage, determining the text's relationship to the standard text-type groups has been difficult for scholars (the text-types are groups of different manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups, which are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine).{{r|TNTTCR|pp=205-230}} Kenyon identified the text of the Gospel of Mark in the manuscript as representing the Caesarean text-type, following the definition of the group by biblical scholar Burnett Hillman Streeter.{{Cite journal | first1=Hollis W | last1=Huston | title=Mark 6 and 11 in P45 and in the Caesarean Text | year=1955 | journal=Journal of Biblical Literature | volume=74 | issue=4 | pages=262–271 | doi=10.2307/3261672 | jstor=3261672 }}{{rp|262}} Reverend Hollis Huston criticized Kenyon's transcription of various partially surviving words, and concluded that chapters 6 and 11 of Mark in {{papyrus|45}} could not neatly fit into one of the established textual groupings, especially not Caesarean, due to the manuscript predating the distinctive texts for each type from the 4th and 5th centuries.{{r|huston|pp=265, 268, 270-271}} This is due to the definition of a "text-type" being based on readings found in manuscripts dating to after the Edict of Milan (313) by the Emperor Constantine, which stopped the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, thus allowing them to make copies of the New and Old Testaments freely, under the auspices of an official copying process.{{r|Aland|pp=55-56}} Therefore, these manuscripts were made under a controlled setting, whereas the early papyri weren't, hence the specific text-type groups could be established.{{Cite book | editor-first1=Charles E. | editor-last1=Hill | editor-first2=Michael J. | editor-last2=Kruger | title=The Early Text of the New Testament | pages=6–7 | year=2012 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York | isbn=978-0-19-956636-5 }}

The manuscript has a great number of unique (known as singular) readings (this being words/phrases not found in other manuscripts of the New Testament in specific verses).{{Cite book | author-first=Barbara | author-last=Aland | contribution=The Significance of the Chester Beatty in Early Church History | author-link=Barbara Aland | title=The Earliest Gospels | editor-first=Charles | editor-last=Horton | publisher=T&T Clark | location=London | year=2004 | page=110}} On the origin of these singular readings, E. C. Colwell comments:

: "As an editor the scribe of {{papyrus|45}} wielded a sharp axe. The most striking aspect of his style is its conciseness. The dispensable word is dispensed with. He omits adverbs, adjectives, nouns, participles, verbs, personal pronouns—without any compensating habit of addition. He frequently omits phrases and clauses. He prefers the simple to the compound word. In short, he favors brevity. He shortens the text in at least fifty places in singular readings alone. But he does not drop syllables or letters. His shortened text is readable."{{Cite book | author-first=Ernest Cadman | author-last=Colwell | contribution=Scribal Habits in the Early Papyri: A Study in the Corruption of the Text | author-link=Ernest Cadman Colwell | title=The Bible in Modern Scholarship | editor-first=J. P. | editor-last=Hyatt | location=New York | publisher=Abingdon Press | year=1965 | page=383}}

=Textual relationship with other New Testament manuscripts=

{{papyrus|45}} has a relatively close statistical relationship with Codex Washingtonianus (W) in Mark (this being their unique readings shared with each other, albeit not with other manuscripts), and to a lesser extent those manuscripts within the textual-family group Family 13. Citing biblical scholar Larry Hurtado's study, Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark,{{cite book | last1=Hurtado | first1=Larry W. | author-link=Larry W. Hurtado | title=Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark | publisher=Eerdmans | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | year=1981 | isbn=0-8028-1872-2}} text-critic Eldon Jay Epp has agreed that there is no connection to a Caesarean or pre-Caesarean text in Mark. There is also no strong connection to the Alexandrian text as seen in Codex Vaticanus (B), the Western text as evidenced by Codex Bezae (D), or the Byzantine text as witnessed by the Textus Receptus.{{Cite journal | first1=Eldon Jay | last1=Epp | author-link=Eldon Epp|title=The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism | journal=Journal of Biblical Literature | volume=93 | issue=3 | date=September 1974 | page=395| doi=10.2307/3263386 | jstor=3263386 }} Another hypothesis is that {{papyrus|45}} comes from the Alexandrian tradition, but has many readings intended to "improve" the text stylistically, and a number of harmonizations. While still difficult to place historically in a category of texts, contrary to Kenyon, including {{papyrus|45}} as a representative of the Caesarean text-type has been undermined.{{Cite book | editor-first1=Chris | editor-last1=Keith | editor-first2=Dieter T. | editor-last2=Roth | last1=Wasserman | first1=Tommy | title=Mark, Manuscripts, And Monotheism: Essays in Honor of Larry W. Hurtado | contribution={{papyrus|45}} and Codex W in Mark Revisited | page=154 | year=2015 | publisher=Bloomsbury T&T Clark | location=London, UK; New York, USA | isbn=978-0-56765-594-3}}

The textual relationship of the manuscript varies from book to book. In Mark, an analysis of the various readings noted in the textual apparatus of the United Bible Society's Greek New Testament (4th ed.) (a critical edition of the Greek New Testament which has, based on scientific principles, attempted to reconstruct the original text from available ancient manuscripts),{{Cite book| title=The Greek New Testament | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Barbara | editor-last2=Aland | editor2-link=Barbara Aland | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=Johannes | editor-last5=Karavidopoulos | editor5-link=Johannes Karavidopoulos| publisher=United Bible Societies | edition=4th | location=Stuttgart | year=1983 | isbn=978-3-438-05110-3}} places {{papyrus|45}} in a group which includes W (for chapters 5-16), Codex Koridethi (Θ), textual group Family 1, and the minuscules 28, 205, 565; the Sinaitic Syriac manuscript, Armenian manuscripts of the New Testament, and Georgian manuscript versions of the New Testament; and the quotations of the New Testament found in early church writer Origen's works.{{cite journal | title=How To Discover Textual Groups | author=Timothy J. Finney | journal=Digital Studies | year=2018 | volume=8 | doi=10.16995/dscn.291 | doi-access=free}} This group corresponds to what Streeter called an "Eastern type" of the text.{{cite book | last=Streeter | first=Burnett Hillman | title=The Four Gospels, A Study of Origins: Treating of the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, and Dates | year=1924 | publisher=Macmillan | location=London}}{{rp|27, 108}} In Luke, an eleven-way PAM partition (a specific analytical-method) based on Greek manuscript data, associated with the Institute for New Testament Textual Research's (INTF) Parallel Pericopes volume{{Cite book | editor1-first=Holger | editor1-last=Strutwolf | editor2-first=Klaus | editor2-last=Wachtel | title=Novum Testamentum Graecum: Editio Critica Maior: Parallel Pericopes: Special Volume Regarding the Synoptic Gospels | location=Stuttgart | publisher=German Bible Society | year=2011 | isbn=978-3438056085}} places the manuscript in a group with Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (C), Codex Regius (L), Codex Zacynthius (Ξ), and the minuscules 33, 892, and 1241.PAM (partitioning around medoids) is a multivariate analysis technique. For a description, see {{cite web | url=http://www.tfinney.net/Views/index.xhtml | author=Timothy J. Finney | title=Views of New Testament Textual Space | access-date=2013-03-16 }} In Acts the Alexandrian text-type is its closest textual relationship.

It is calculated that the codex omitted the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11).{{cite book | editor-first1=James Keith | editor-last1=Elliot| author-first=Theodore Creesy | author-last=Skeat | contribution=A Codicological Analysis of the Chester Beatty Papyrus Codex of Gospels and Acts ({{papyrus|45}}) | author-link=Theodore Cressy Skeat | title=The Collected Biblical Writings of T. C. Skeat | publisher=Brill | location=Leiden; Boston | isbn=9004139206 | date=2004 | page=147}}

=Some notable readings=

Below are some readings of the manuscript which agree or disagree with variant readings in other Greek manuscripts, or with varying ancient translations of the New Testament. See the main article Textual variants in the New Testament.

File:P45 Matthieu 25.41-46.jpg

{{bibleref|Matthew|26:34}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ἀλεκτοροφωνίας}} (rooster crows): {{papyrus link|37}}{{sup|(vid)}} {{papyrus|45}} L Family 1 2886.

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι}} (rooster has crowed): {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} B D W 33. $\mathfrak{M}$

{{bibleref|Mark|6:40}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|κατὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ κατὰ πεντήκοντα}} (by hundreds and by fifties):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} sy{{sup|vf}} Harklean version

::Incl. : {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} B D ({{lang|grc-x-biblical|ἀνὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ ἀνὰ}} – L Θ Family 1 Family 13 28. 565. 579. 700. 892. 1424. $\mathfrak{M}$ ){{Cite web | url=https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/ecm?verse=Mark.6.40&segment=10-18 | title=ECM – INTF | access-date=4 June 2022 }}

{{bibleref|Mark|6:44}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τοὺς ἄρτους}} (the loaves of bread):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} D W Θ Family 1 Family 13 28. 565. 700. 2542 lat cop

::Incl. : A B L 33. $\mathfrak{M}$ (c) f sy{{sup|p .h}} bo

{{bibleref|Mark|6:45}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|εἰς τὸ πέραν}} (to the other side):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} W Family 1 118. it{{sup|q}} Syriac Sinaiticus

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Mark|8:12}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|λέγω ὑμῖν}} (I say to you):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} W

::Incl. (without ὑμῖν): B L 892. pc

::Incl. (full): Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Mark|8:15}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|των Ηρωδιανων}} (of the Herodians): {{papyrus|45}} W Θ Family 1 Family 13 28. 565. 1365. 2542 it{{sup|i.k}} cop Bible translations into Coptic#Sahidic arm geo

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|Ἡρῴδου}} (of Herod): Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Mark|8:35}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ἐμοῦ καὶ}} (my, and):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} D 28. 700. it{{sup|a.b.d.i.k.n.r1}} Syriac Sinaiticus arm Origen

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Mark|9:27}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|καὶ ἀνέστη}} (and stood up):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}}{{sup|(vid)}} W it{{sup|k.l}} sy{{sup|s .p}}

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Luke|6:48}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν}} (because it had been well built): {{papyrus link|75}}{{sup|(vid)}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} B L W Ξ 33. 157. 579. 892. 1241. 1342. 2542 Harklean version sa Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τεθεμελίωτο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν}} (for it had been built upon the rock): A C D Θ Ψ Family 1 Family 13 700.{{sup|c}} Byz latt syr{{sup|p .h}} cop Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic arm geo goth

:Omit. : {{papyrus|45}}{{sup|(vid)}} 700.* Syriac Sinaiticus

{{bibleref|Luke|11:33}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον}} (nor under a basket):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|75}} L Γ Ξ 070 Family 1 22. 69. 700.* 788. 1241. 2542 Syriac Sinaiticus cop arm, geo

::Incl. : {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C D W Θ Ψ Family 13 $\mathfrak{M}$ latt sy{{sup|(c .p).h}}; (Cl)

{{bibleref|Luke|11:44}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|γραμματεις και Φαρισαιοι υποκριται}} (scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|75}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} B C L ƒ{{sup|1}} 33. 1241. 2542 it{{sup|a.aur.c.e.ff2.l}} vg syr{{sup|s .c}} sa cop Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic arm geo

::Incl. : A (D) W Θ Ψ Family 13 $\mathfrak{M}$ it sy{{sup|p .h}} Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic

{{bibleref|Luke|11:54}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ινα κατηγορησωσιν αυτου}} (so they might catch him):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|75}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} B L 579. 892.* 1241. 2542 syr{{sup|s .c}} co

::Incl. : A C (D) W Θ Ψ Family 1 Family 13 33. $\mathfrak{M}$ lat vg sy{{sup|(p).h}}

{{bibleref|Luke|12:9}}

:Omit. verse: {{papyrus|45}} it{{sup|e}} Syriac Sinaiticus Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic

:Incl. verse: Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Luke|12:47}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ}} (or prepared, or):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}}

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|John|11:7}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τοῖς μαθηταῖς}} (to the disciples):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|66}}* it{{sup|e.1}}

::Incl. : {{papyrus link|6}}{{sup|(vid)}} {{papyrus link|66}}{{sup|(c)}} {{papyrus link|75}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B D K Γ Δ L W Θ Ψ 0250 Family 13 𝑙844 al lat syr co Family 1 33. $\mathfrak{M}$

{{bibleref|John|11:25}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|καὶ ἡ ζωή}} (and the life):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} it{{sup|1}} Syriac Sinaiticus Diatessaron syr Cyprian

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|John|11:51}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου}} (of that year):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} it{{sup|e.1}} Syriac Sinaiticus

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|5:37}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|πάντες}} (all):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} D it

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|8:18}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|το αγιον}} (the Holy):

::Omit. : {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A{{sup|c}} B sa mae

::Incl. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} A* C D E Ψ 33. 1739 Byz latt syr cop bo

{{bibleref|Acts|9:17}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|Ἰησοῦς}} (Jesus):

::Omit. : $\mathfrak{M}$

::Incl. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C E Ψ 33. 81. 323. 614. 945. 1175 1739

{{bibleref|Acts|9:21}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|οἱ ἀκούοντες}} (those who heard):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} Ψ* pc

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|9:38}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|δύο ἄνδρας}} (two men):

::Omit. : $\mathfrak{M}$

::Incl. : {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C E Ψ 36 81. 323. 614. 945 1175 1739 latt syr co

{{bibleref|Acts|10:10}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ἐγένετο}} (became): {{papyrus link|74}}{{sup|(vid)}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C 36. 81. 323. 453. 945. 1175. 1739. Origen

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|επεπεσεν}} (fell upon): E Ψ 33. Byz latt syr

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|ηλθεν}} (came): {{papyrus|45}}

{{bibleref|Acts|10:13}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|Πέτρε}} (Peter):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} gig Clement Ambrose

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|10:16}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|εὐθὺς}} (immediately):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} 36. 453. 1175. 2818 it{{sup|d}} Peshitta Bible translations into Coptic#Sahidic Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic

::Incl. : {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C E 81. pc vg Harklean version bo

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|παλιν}} (again): (D) Ψ 33{{sup|(vid)}}. 323. 614. 945. 1241. 1505. 1739 $\mathfrak{M}$ p Harklean version Bible translations into Coptic#Sahidic mae

{{bibleref|Acts|10:33}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|κυρίου}} (Lord): {{papyrus|45}}{{sup|(vid)}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B C E Ψ 81* 323. 614. 945 1175 1739 lat Harklean version bo

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|θεου}} (God): {{papyrus link|74}} D Byz Peshitta sa mae Bible translations into Coptic#Bohairic

{{bibleref|Acts|11:12}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|μηδὲν διακρίναντα}} (making no distinction):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} D it{{sup|l.p*}} Harklean version

::Incl. : {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}}(*) A B (E Ψ) 33. 81. 945. (1175). 1739 al

{{bibleref|Acts|13:48}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|κυρίου}} (of the Lord): {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A C Ψ 33. 1739 Byz gig vg Bible translations into Coptic#Sahidic mae

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|θεου}} (of God): B D E 049 323. 453 Bible translations into Coptic#Sahidic bo

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|θεον}} (to God): 614. syr pc

{{bibleref|Acts|13:49}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τοῦ κυρίου}} (of the Lord):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} pc

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|15:20}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|τῆς πορνείας}} (from sexual immorality):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}}

::Incl. : Majority of manuscripts

{{bibleref|Acts|15:40}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|κυρίου}} (Lord): {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B D 33. 81. it{{sup|d}} Vulgate sa

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|θεου}} (God): {{papyrus|45}} C E Ψ 1739 Byz gig it{{sup|w}} Vulgate syr bo

{{bibleref|Acts|16:32}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|κυρίου}} (Lord): {{papyrus|45}} {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}}{{sup|2}} A C (D) E Ψ 33. 1739 Byz lat syr cop

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|θεου}} (God): {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}}* B pc

{{bibleref|Acts|17:13}}

:{{lang|grc-x-biblical|καὶ ταράσσοντες}} (and stirring up):

::Omit. : {{papyrus|45}} E Byz

::Incl. : {{papyrus link|74}} {{larger|{{script|Hebr|א}}}} A B D(*) (Ψ) 33. 36. 81. 323. 614. 945. 1175. 1505. 1739 al lat syr sa (bo)

Facsimile edition

In November 2020, the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts in conjunction with Hendrickson Publishers released a new 1:1 high-resolution imaged facsimile edition of {{papyrus|45}} on black and white backgrounds, along with {{papyrus link|46}} and {{papyrus link|47}}.Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, [https://www.csntm.org/2020/07/22/csntm-and-hendrickson-publishers-to-publish-third-century-new-testament-papyri-facsimiles/ CSNTM and Hendrickson Publishers to Publish Third-Century New Testament Papyri Facsimiles]

Notes and references

External links

Robert B. Waltz, [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsPapyri.html#P45 'NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri {{papyrus|45}},'] at The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
[http://csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P45 Images] of {{papyrus|45}} at the Centre for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts.
[https://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/viewer.faces?doc=DOD_%2BZ146423009 Images] of the Austrian National Library portions of {{papyrus|45}}.