Minuscule 579

The manuscript is a codex (forerunner to the modern book), containing the near-complete text of the four Gospels, with some gaps (Mark 3:28-4:8, and John 20:15-21:25 are no longer in the manuscript, due to missing pages) on 152 parchment leaves (full page size is 23.3 cm by 16.2 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 28-39 lines per page.{{r|Aland}} Words are written continuously without any separation, but includes accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes) and breathings (utilised to designate vowel emphasis).

It contains lists of the tables of contents ({{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} / kephalaia) before each Gospel, numbers of the chapters (also called {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}}) in the margin, and the titles ({{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} / titloi) at the top of the pages. It has the Ammonian sections (an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections; 233 sections in Mark, up to {{bibleref|Mark|16:5}}), but no references to the Eusebian Canons (a development of the Ammonian sections).{{r|Gregory}} Quotations from the Old Testament are rarely indicated.

It has the same system of chapter divisions as found in Codex Vaticanus (B) and Codex Zacynthius (Ξ).

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type in Mark and Luke. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine.{{r|Metzger|pp=205–230}} For the text of Mark and Luke contained in the manuscript, biblical scholar and text-critic Kurt Aland placed it in Category II in his New Testament manuscript text classification system.{{Cite book | last1=Aland | first1=Kurt | author-link=Kurt Aland | last2=Aland | first2=Barbara | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year=1995 | location=Grand Rapids | page=133 | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}} Category II manuscripts are described as being manuscripts "of a special quality, i.e., manuscripts with a considerable proportion of the early text, but which are marked by alien influences. These influences are usually of smoother, improved readings, and in later periods by infiltration by the Byzantine text."{{r|tnt|p=335}}

The relationship between minuscule 579's text of Luke and the Alexandrian text-type was confirmed by the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis method of textual data), though in Luke 10 and Luke 20 it is a weak representative of this text-type.{{Cite book | last=Wisse | first=Frederik | title=The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year=1982 | location=Grand Rapids | page=63 | url=https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/63 | isbn=0-8028-1918-4 | url-access=registration }} In Matthew its text belongs to the late Byzantine group.{{r|Metzger|p=89}}

The text of Matthew 16:2b–3 (Signs of the Times) is placed after verse 9.

It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark, as also seen in codices Codex Athous Lavrensis (Ψ), Uncial 099, Uncial 0112, minuscule 274 (contained within the margin), and Lectionary 1602 (ℓ 1602)).{{Cite book | last1=Metzger | first1=Bruce M. | last2=Ehrman | first2=Bart D. | author-link1=Bruce M. Metzger | author-link2=Bart D. Ehrman | title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=4th | location=Oxford | year=2005 | isbn=0-19-516667-1}}{{rp|323}} {{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | volume=1 | page=205 | year=1900 | publisher=J. C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | language=de | url=https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n217/mode/2up }}

It lacks the text of Luke 22:43-44{{Cite book | title=Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Matthew | editor-last2=Black | editor2-link=Matthew Black | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=Allen | editor-last5=Wikgren | editor5-link=Allen Wikgren | year=1981 | publisher=Deutsche Bibelstiftung | location=Stuttgart | isbn=3-438-051001 | edition=26 }} [NA26]{{rp|235}} and the phrase {{lang|grc|ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγον Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς, οὐ γὰρ οἴδασιν τί ποιοῦσιν}} (But Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do") in Luke 23:34.{{r|NA26|pp=239-240}}

In John 8:6 it inserts {{lang|grc|μὴ προσποιούμενος}} (taking no notice) after {{lang|grc|εἰς τὴν γὴν}} (in the ground) along with Codex Cyprius (K) and numerous manuscripts among the Byzantine text-type.{{r|NA26|p=273}}

The manuscript once belonged to classical scholar Johann Georg Graevius, and was collated by Dutch scholar Anthony Bynaeus in 1691 (as minuscule 80). It passed into the hands of J. van der Hagen, who showed it to textual-critic Johann Jakob Wettstein in 1739. It was bought by Ambrose Didot and sold to Monsieur Lesoef.{{Cite book | last=Scrivener | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2=Edward Miller | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | edition=4 | page=205 | year=1894 | publisher=George Bell & Sons | location=London }}

The manuscript was examined and described by Catholic biblical scholar Paulin Martin.{{Cite book | first=Jean-Pierre | last=Paulin Martin | author-link1=Paulin Martin | title=Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au N. T., conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris | location=Paris | year=1883 | pages=91–94 }} C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.{{r|Gregory}}

It is currently housed in at the National Library of France (Gr. 97), at Paris.{{r|Aland}}

• List of New Testament minuscules
• Biblical manuscript
• Textual criticism

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book | first=Alfred | last=Schmidtke | title=Die Evangelien eines alten Unzialcodex (Bא-Text) nach einer Abschrift des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts | location=Leipzig | publisher=J. C. Hinrichs| year=1903 | language=de}}
• {{Cite journal | author-link=Kirsopp Lake | first=Kirsopp | last=Lake | title=The Ammonian Harmony and the Text of B | journal=Journal of Theological Studies | volume=7 | issue=26 | year=1906 | pages=292–295 | access-date=30 April 2022 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23947199 | publisher=Oxford University Press| doi=10.1093/jts/os-VII.26.292 | jstor=23947199 }}
• {{Cite book | first=Marie-Joseph | last=Lagrange | author-link=Marie-Joseph Lagrange | title=Critique textuelle II: La Critique rationelle | location=Paris | year=1935 | pages=113–116 | publisher=Librairie Lecoffre | language=fr }}

• {{Cite web |url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=30579 | title=Liste Handschriften | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research | access-date= April 21, 2013 | location=Münster}}
• [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Manuscripts501-1000.html#m579 Minuscule 579] at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
• [http://www.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_579 Online images from Microfilm of Minuscule 579] at the CSNTM.
• [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10723024v?rk=21459;2 Online images from Microfilm of Minuscule 579] at the National Library of France.

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Category:Greek New Testament minuscules

Category:13th-century biblical manuscripts

Category:Bibliothèque nationale de France collections