:Phenolic lipid
{{Short description|Class of organic compounds}}
File:Bilobol.svg, an alkylresorcinol found in Ginkgo biloba]]
Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long aliphatic chains and phenolic rings.{{Cite journal | last1 = Baerson | first1 = S. R. | last2 = Schröder | first2 = J. | last3 = Cook | first3 = D. | last4 = Rimando | first4 = A. M. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Z. | last6 = Dayan | first6 = F. E. | last7 = Noonan | first7 = B. P. | last8 = Duke | first8 = S. O. | doi = 10.4161/psb.5.10.13062 | title = Alkylresorcinol biosynthesis in plants: New insights from an ancient enzyme family? | journal = Plant Signaling & Behavior | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = 1286–1289 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20861691| pmc = 3115369}} Phenolic lipids occur in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Types
- Alkylcatechols
- Alkylphenols (nonylphenol, cardanol)
- Alkylresorcinols
- Anacardic acids
Biological activity
Due to their strong amphiphilic character, the phenolic lipids can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.{{Cite journal | last1 = Stasiuk | first1 = M. | last2 = Kozubek | first2 = A. | doi = 10.1007/s00018-009-0193-1 | title = Biological activity of phenolic lipids | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 841–860 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20213924| s2cid = 40343051 | pmc = 11115636 }}
Biological role
The phenolic lipid synthesis by type III polyketide synthases is essential for cyst formation in Azotobacter vinelandii.{{Cite journal | last1 = Funa | first1 = N. | last2 = Ozawa | first2 = H. | last3 = Hirata | first3 = A. | last4 = Horinouchi | first4 = S. | title = Phenolic lipid synthesis by type III polyketide synthases is essential for cyst formation in Azotobacter vinelandii | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0511227103 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 103 | issue = 16 | pages = 6356–6361 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16597676 | pmc =1458882 | bibcode = 2006PNAS..103.6356F | doi-access = free }}
See also
References
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