:Saran district

It is said that "Saran" is a corrupted version of the word Sarangaranya (forest of deer). According to legend, earlier it was a dense forest full of deer and the home of Rishi Sarangi. Another suggestion is that the name is corruption of Sakra-aranya (the forest of Indra).{{Cite book|title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Saran|year=2007|isbn=9788172681364|pages=1–2|last1=O'Malley|first1=L. S. S.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=9,59,390|13=1911|14=9,11,695|15=1921|16=9,31,796|17=1931|18=9,90,147|19=1941|20=11,38,986|21=1951|22=12,56,306|23=1961|24=14,47,297|25=1971|26=17,09,722|27=1981|28=20,84,322|29=1991|30=25,72,980|31=2001|32=32,48,701|33=2011|34=39,51,862|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |access-date=2019-08-09 |archive-date=2019-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |url-status=dead }}|align=right}}Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period.{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/destinations/bihar_a_quick_guide_to_saran/|title=BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN}} The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIUZjYEuqskC&q=chirand+archaeological+site&pg=PA74|title=Historical dictionary of Ancient India|isbn=9780810853669|last1=Roy|first1=Kumkum|year=2009|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.{{cite book

| first = Anand A.

| last = Yang

| title = Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar

| publisher = University of California Press

| year = 1999

| isbn = 978-0-520-21100-1

| pages = 305 (at page 69)

}}

The Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016.{{cite web|url=http://saran.bih.nic.in/saran%20book.htm|title=Saran Gazetteer PDF DM Deepak Anand}}{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Execution-of-rail-projects-Sarans-biggest-gain-in-16/articleshow/56244188.cms|title=Execution of rail projects Saran's biggest gain in '16|website=The Times of India|date=30 December 2016 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saran-14658508.html|title=सृजन से जाने सारण जिले की थाती को -|website=Jagran}}{{Cite web|url=http://chhapratoday.com/chhapra/saran-srijan-released-by-dm/|title='सारण सृजन' विवरणिका का डीएम ने किया लोकार्पण | #ChhapraToday.com | छपरा टुडे डॉट कॉम ||date=September 7, 2016|website=chhapratoday.com}}

Saran district occupies an area of {{convert|2641|km2|sqmi}},{{cite book | editor1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti |editor2 = others |display-editors=1 | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}} equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak{{spaced ndash}}Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

• The alluvial plains along the big rivers, which are subject to periodic inundation.
• The uplands away from the rivers, not subject to floods.
• The riverbed diara areas.

India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/chhapra-to-get-states-first-double-decker-flyover/articleshow/64952909.cms|title=Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover|website=The Times of India|date=12 July 2018 }} This {{cvt|3.5|km}} long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1171010/jsp/bihar/story_177206.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712123632/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1171010/jsp/bihar/story_177206.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2018|title=Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr}} is being constructed at the cost of {{INR}} 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-open-highway-at-chhapra/articleshow/64922648.cms|title=CM to open highway at Chhapra|website=The Times of India|date=10 July 2018 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp |title=Chhapra road bounty |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712085400/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp |archive-date=2018-07-12}} It is longer than the {{cvt|1.8|km}} double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/saran-to-beat-mumbai-marvel-238608|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712090328/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/saran-to-beat-mumbai-marvel-238608|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2018|title=Saran to beat Mumbai marvel}} Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/flyover-first-on-lalu-s-once-turf-244184|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712092037/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/flyover-first-on-lalu-s-once-turf-244184|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2018|title=Flyover first on Lalu's once turf}} The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/soon-chhapra-to-get-double-decker-flyover/articleshow/64703185.cms|title=Soon, Chhapra to get double-decker flyover|website=The Times of India|date=23 June 2018 }} The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the police lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be {{cvt|3.5|km}} long and the lower portion {{cvt|3|km}}.

{{transcluded section|source=17th Bihar Assembly}}

{{#section:17th Bihar Assembly|MLA Header}}

{{#section:17th Bihar Assembly|Saran district}}

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Saran was earlier called a 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there.{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/money-order-economy-swavalamban-saran/1182091.html|title=मनीऑर्डर इकॉनोमी से स्वावलंबन की ओर सारण |date=12 July 2018 |language=hi}}{{cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/bihar-danapur-dighwara-pul-saran-noida/1158309.html|title=दानापुर-दिघवारा प्रस्तावित पुल सारण को बनायेगा मिनी 'नोएडा'|newspaper=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}} It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}

It is a primarily agriculture based rural and suburban region with little industrial output. This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014. That period was marked by unethical election practices.{{Cite journal |date=17 July 2015 |title=Sample Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour, Belief and Practices (KABBP) & Expenditure - Sensitive Constituencies in Bihar |url=https://ceobihar.nic.in/PDF/CIMP_Final_Report_2015.pdf |journal=ECI Bihar's CIMP Report |volume=1 }}

The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is IAS Aman Samir.{{Cite web | title=Welcome to Saran District {{!}} India | url=http://saran.bih.nic.in | access-date=2025-01-16 | website=saran.bih.nic.in}}

The Divisional Commissioner is Gopal Meena(I.A.S).{{cite web|title=Contact Details of Officers in Saran Commissionary|url=http://sarandivision.bih.nic.in/comm%20contact.htm|website=sarandivision.bih.nic.in}}

The district has three subdivisions, 20 community development blocks and 1,807 villages.

• Chhapra
• Marhaura
• Sonpur

{{div col begin|colwidth=22em}}

• Amnour
• Baniyapur
• Chhapra
• Dariyapur
• Dighwara
• Ekma
• Garkha
• Ishupur
• Jalalpur
• Lahladpur
• Maker
• Manjhi
• Marhaura
• Mashrakh
• Nagra
• Panapur
• Parsa
• Revelganj
• Sonpur
• Taraiya

{{div col end}}

{{bar box

|title=Religions in Saran district (2011){{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|89.45}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|10.28}}

{{bar percent|Other or not Stated|black|0.27}}

}}

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862,{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Saran |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/310/download/890/DH_2011_1017_PART_A_DCHB_SARAN.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}} roughly equal to the nation of Liberia{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.}} or the US state of Oregon.{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=Oregon 3,831,074|archive-date=2010-12-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101227010452/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}} This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of {{convert|1493|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%. Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 68.57%. 8.94% of the population lives in urban areas.

• Population: total: 3,951,862; rural: 3,598,660; urban: 35,883
• SC population: total: 474,066 (12.00%); rural: 438,183; urban: 240,89
• ST population: total: 36,786 (0.93%); rural: 35,885; urban: 901

{{Pie chart

|caption = Languages of Saran district (2011)

|label1 = Bhojpuri |value1 = 93.16 |color1 = gold

|label2 = Hindi |value2 = 4.45 |color2 = orange

|label3 = Urdu |value3 = 2.28 |color3 = green

|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.11 |color5 = grey

}}

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bhojpuri: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bho | access-date = 2011-09-30 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}

The nearest airport to Saran District is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away.

• Jayaprakash Narayan
• Bhikhari Thakur
• Chitragupt (composer)
• Anand–Milind
• Abdul Ghafoor
• Lachhimi Sakhi
• Ram Dulari Sinha
• Ramchandra Manjhi
• Dharni Das
• Prabhunath Singh
• Yuvraj Sudhir Singh

{{reflist}}

• [https://saran.nic.in/ Official website]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430232056/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/saran/index.php Saran Information Portal]

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Saran district

|North = Gopalganj district

|Northeast = Muzaffarpur district

|East = Vaishali district

|Southeast = Patna district

|South = Bhojpur district

|Southwest =

|West = Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh

|Northwest = Siwan district

}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}

{{Saran district}}

{{Saran Division}}

{{Saran Division topics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saran District}}

Category:Saran division

Category:1976 establishments in Bihar

Category:Districts of Bihar