:Shahram Amiri

Amiri was an award-winning atomic physicist who worked at the heavily guarded facility near Qom.{{sfn|Katz|2012|p=68}}

He was also a nuclear physics researcher at Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, a research institute closely associated with the Iranian military.{{sfn|Katz|2012|p=69}}

The Guardian reported that "he was an expert on radioactive isotopes for medical uses at Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), in Tehran"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/07/iran-usa Iran: US behind missing scientist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204505/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/07/iran-usa |date=9 September 2024 }} Julian Borger, guardian.co.uk, 7 October 2009 and reports in Iran said he "was also an employee of Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation".[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8296923.stm Mystery over Iranian researcher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011061956/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8296923.stm |date=11 October 2009 }} BBC.co.uk, 8 October 2009. Press TV reported that he worked at Malek Ashtar University, but the Iranian government would not confirm that he was a nuclear scientist.

A later report by ABC News described him as a "researcher at Malek Ashtar University of Defense Technology," which according to the European Union Council, was "linked" to Iran's Ministry of Defense and "set up a missiles training course in 2003." The university's rector is a lieutenant general in the Iranian military who was "named in the UN Security Council's first round of sanctions on Iran in 2006 as one of seven 'persons involved in the nuclear program'."{{cite journal|author=Peterson, Scott|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0331/Iranian-scientist-defects-US-covert-ops-hurt-Iran-nuclear-program|title=Iranian scientist defects: US covert ops hurt Iran nuclear program|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=31 March 2010|access-date=1 April 2010|archive-date=2 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402020449/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0331/Iranian-scientist-defects-US-covert-ops-hurt-Iran-nuclear-program|url-status=live}}

MI6 was tasked with getting Amiri through Europe and into the British Isles,{{sfn|Colonna Vilasi|2014|p=81}} after which he was to be transferred to the US.{{sfn|Colonna Vilasi|2014|p=84}}

In October 2009, Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki suggested the United States may have been involved in his disappearance.{{cite web|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/iran/1555028.html|title=Iran sees U.S. role in researcher's disappearance|date=8 October 2009|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312035754/http://en.trend.az/regions/iran/1555028.html|url-status=live}} On 7 October 2009, Iran's Press TV reported that Mottaki stated, "we have evidence of a U.S. role in disappearance of the Iranian national ... in Saudi Arabia. ... There is evidence to suggest the United States was involved" in Amiri's disappearance. "We hold Saudi Arabia responsible and consider the US to be involved in his arrest."Catherine Philp,[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26184127-2703,00.html "Iran says US took nuclear scientist Shahram Amiri"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012105844/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26184127-2703,00.html |date=12 October 2009 }} The Australian, 9 October 2009. In response, a United States Department of State spokesperson said only that "the case is not familiar to us".

Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Hasan Qashqavi stated a day or two earlier that "Amiri's fate is Saudi Arabia's responsibility." Saudi Arabia "deplored" Tehran's charge that he was kidnapped while on pilgrimage. On the other hand, in December 2009, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Ali Akbar Salehi, denied that Amiri had any links with the AEOI or was ever employed by it. The disappearance is thought by some to be connected to the revelation of a second uranium-enrichment facility near the city of Qom, as his disappearance came three months before the facility was revealed in the news, raising the possibility that Amiri "may have given the West information on it or other parts of the nuclear program."

The New York Times said "sources" in Washington confirmed he was an American spy in Iran for several years, even aiding the "National Intelligence" report in 2007. He then traveled to Saudi Arabia, where the CIA smuggled him out of the country. The Obama administration said that his decision to return to Iran was an embarrassment, and it was concerned that it may undermine efforts to convince other Iranian scientists to work against the country. One official said,

His safety depends on him sticking to that fairy tale about pressure and torture. His challenge is to try to convince the Iranian security forces that he never cooperated with the United States.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/world/middleeast/16iran.html|title=U.S. Says Scientist Aided C.I.A. While Still in Iran|date=15 July 2010|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=9 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204506/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/world/middleeast/16iran.html|url-status=live}}

The Iranian Foreign Ministry stated,

We first have to see what has not happened in these two years and then we will determine if he's a hero or not. Iran must determine if his claims about being kidnapped were correct or not.{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/38283365/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/iranian-defector-could-spend-rest-life-fear/#.V7uiIJKcHIU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110073521/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38283365/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/iranian-defector-could-spend-rest-life-fear/#.V7uiIJKcHIU |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2013 |title=Iranian defector could spend rest of life in fear |date=16 July 2010 |agency=Associated Press}}

The Associated Press also reported American officials saying he has been paid $5 million for "significant original information."{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10661066 |publisher=BBC News |title=Shahram Amiri spied for the US in Iran, reports say |date=16 July 2010 |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103125609/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10661066 |url-status=live }}

According to the Saudi newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat, Mottaki made a formal complaint to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon about "the disappearances of Amiri and three other Iranians in recent years, some of whom they feared may have provided nuclear information to the West."[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jsj6AFS8SM3LZGDC59bXZETTNg6QD9B67E000 Iran FM accuses US in nuke scientist disappearance]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Associated Press, 7 October 2009. One of these was Ali Reza Asgari, a former deputy defense minister and Revolutionary Guards general who vanished in Turkey in 2007, and may have defected to the US according to "subsequent press reports". According to The Sunday Telegraph, both Asgari and Amiri were part of a CIA defection program against Iran called "the Brain Drain", which began in 2005.{{cite news|first=Philip|last=Sherwell|title=Iranian scientist who vanished 'gave nuclear secrets' to UN inspectors sent to Qom site|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/6797860/Iranian-scientist-who-vanished-gave-nuclear-secrets-to-UN-inspectors-sent-to-Qom-site.html|work=The Sunday Telegraph|date=12 December 2009|access-date=12 December 2009|location=London, UK|archive-date=15 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215153953/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/6797860/Iranian-scientist-who-vanished-gave-nuclear-secrets-to-UN-inspectors-sent-to-Qom-site.html|url-status=live}}

On 30 March 2010, ABC News reported that Amiri was initially approached via an intermediary, agreeing to defect in a "long-planned CIA operation" and was then living in the United States.{{cite news|first=Matthew|last=Cole|title=Iran Nuclear Scientist Defects to U.S. In CIA 'Intelligence Coup'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/iran-nuclear-scientist-defects-us-cia-intelligence-coup/story?id=10231729|publisher=ABC News|location=United States|access-date=30 March 2010|archive-date=9 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204506/https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/iran-nuclear-scientist-defects-us-cia-intelligence-coup/story?id=10231729|url-status=live}}

File:Shahram Amiri 05.jpg

Having fled Iran, Amiri surfaced a few months later in the United States, was thoroughly debriefed, got $5 million, a new identity, and a new home in Arizona.{{sfn|Bar-Zohar|Mishal|2012|p=12}} On 13 July 2010, after a year in America, Amiri changed his mind and decided to go back to Iran having received several letters from his 7-year-old son Amir Hussein pleading him to return home and visit the family.{{sfn|Hughes-Gerber|2021|p=105}} His son's tearful letters were used by the Iranian officials to lure Amiri back to Iran where he was later executed.{{sfn|Hughes-Gerber|2021|p=109}}

Having decided to return to Iran, Amiri claimed he was drugged and kidnapped by American agents in Saudi Arabia, tortured and held for years against his will.{{sfn|Teitelbaum|2010|p=89}}[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/world/middleeast/14iran.html "Iranian scientist emerges in DC but mystery only deepens"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815005139/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/world/middleeast/14iran.html |date=15 August 2016 }}, The New York Times, 14 July 2010.

On 7 June 2010, IRIB aired a poor quality[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10264193.stm "Iran nuclear scientist Amiri in US 'kidnap' dispute"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608184318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10264193.stm |date=8 June 2010 }}, BBC News, 8 June 2010. webcam video apparently from Tucson and recorded on 5 April 2010, in which a man alleged to be Shahram Amiri said that he had been kidnapped by force in Saudi Arabia through a combined effort of the American and Saudi intelligence services. He further said that after being carried to the U.S., he had been tortured{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2010/6/8/headlines|title=Headlines for June 08, 2010|website=Decmocracynow.ord|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806141000/http://www.democracynow.org/2010/6/8/headlines|url-status=live}} and pressured to publicly state that he had willfully defected and that Iran had a secret nuclear weapon program. He called on international organizations and human rights groups to pressure U.S. for his release and expressed his wish to return to Iran.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

A second video was released hours later on YouTube, in which a person who appears to be Amiri{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10264193|title=Videos deepen mystery over Iran nuclear scientist Amiri|date=8 June 2010|publisher=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321181832/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10264193|url-status=live}} without stating whether he was initially abducted, said that "I am free here and I assure everyone that I am safe", and denied taking action against Iran. He stated that he was safe and wished to continue his education in the U.S., and that "I am not involved in weapons research and have no experience and knowledge in this field." A correspondent from the BBC speculated that he may have been reading from a script. The BBC published English-language transcripts of the two videos.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10269255|title=Iran scientist Shahram Amiri – video transcripts|publisher=BBC News|date=8 June 2010|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307210345/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10269255|url-status=live}}

"Within days, the CIA learned that Amiri had given the Iranians a video and moved quickly to produce a version of its own. The second video shows Amiri well-dressed and manicured with a globe – turned to North America – and chess set behind him as he appears to read from a teleprompter. He says, in Persian, that he is happily living in the U.S. and going to school. He also denied having worked in the Iranian nuclear program and made a plea to his wife and son. 'I want them to know that I never abandoned then, and that I will always love them.' According to one U.S. official, the CIA intended to produce the video and launch it on the internet before the Iranians had a chance to air their version. Instead, the video languished at CIA headquarters for weeks, according to a senior intelligence official. Then, earlier this month, Iranian state television aired the Amiri video. Within a day, the CIA posted their Amiri video on YouTube, with a user identification of "shahramamiri2010".{{cite news|last=Cole|first=Matthew|title=Iranian Defector: I've Escaped from CIA|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/iranian-defector-escaped-cia/story?id=11053597&page=3#.Uc6DXT7AVgs|access-date=29 June 2013|publisher=ABC News|location=United States|date=30 June 2010|archive-date=28 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628212747/http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/iranian-defector-escaped-cia/story?id=11053597&page=3#.Uc6DXT7AVgs|url-status=live}}

Later in June, IRIB interviewed Amiri's wife, in which she expressed serious doubt that Amiri had gone to the U.S. of his own volition. The interview also made clear that despite more than one year of disappearance, Amiri had not contacted his wife and their seven-year-old son. She further called on human rights organizations to pressure the U.S. for Amiri's release.[http://www.iribnews.ir/PhotoGallery/Photo/_066ac877.wmv Interview with Amiri's wife and son, part one]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Persian) IRIB News, 23 June 2010[http://www.iribnews.ir/PhotoGallery/Photo/_02414b60.wmv Interview with Amiri's wife and son, part two]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Persian) IRIB News, 23 June 2010

On 29 June 2010, the BBC reported that Iranian state TV had shown a video of a "man who says he is an Iranian nuclear scientist" and "claims to have escaped after being abducted by US agents." In the video, the man states "I, Shahram Amiri, am a national of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a few minutes ago I succeeded in escaping US security agents in Virginia. Presently, I am producing this video in a safe place. I could be re-arrested at any time." The BBC quotes him as saying he is not free, is not permitted to contact his family, that human rights organizations should pressure the U.S. for his release, and asserting that "The second video which was published on YouTube by the US government, where I have said that I am free and want to continue my education here, is not true and is a complete fabrication. If something happens and I do not return home alive, the US government will be responsible." A US official told the AFP news agency the allegations were "ludicrous", although its state department has refused to say whether Amiri is in the US.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10456502|title=Iran nuclear scientist Shahram Amiri 'flees US captors'|date=29 June 2010|publisher=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320164854/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10456502|url-status=live}}

Reuters reported on 29 June that earlier that month, Iran, which has no direct diplomatic relations with the United States, summoned the Swiss ambassador in Tehran and handed over documents which Tehran said showed Amiri had been kidnapped by the U.S.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-scientist-idUSTRE65S6JB20100629|title=Missing Iran scientist says he escaped U.S. agents: report|date=29 June 2010|agency=Reuters|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819101108/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-scientist-idUSTRE65S6JB20100629|url-status=live}} On 4 July, the BBC reported on this development, adding that the nature of the documents had not been disclosed.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10501753|title=Iran 'has proof US kidnapped missing scientist'|publisher=BBC News|date=4 July 2010|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306231026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10501753|url-status=live}}

On 13 July 2010, Amiri was unexpectedly dropped off at the Iranian interests section of the Pakistani Embassy seeking assistance returning to Iran. On 14 July, the BBC reported that Amiri was "heading home" to Iran after asking to be repatriated.{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10626593 |title=BBC NEWS 14 July 2010 |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701090529/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10626593 |url-status=live }} He returned to Iran via Turkey, as the United States has no direct flights to Iran. After learning of the developments in the case, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said, "Mr Amiri has been in the United States of his own free will and he is free to go."Black, Ian. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/14/iranian-nuclear-scientist-heads-home "Iranian nuclear scientist Shahram Amiri heads home"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204507/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/14/iranian-nuclear-scientist-heads-home |date=9 September 2024 }}, The Guardian, 14 July 2010

According to The Wall Street Journal, an unnamed Iranian who is familiar with Amiri's case said that Iranian authorities had threatened to hurt Amiri's family if he did not return to Iran. "His family has been under tremendous pressure, they even threatened to kill his son. He had no choice but to play the script the regime has given him and return to Iran." A spokesman at Iran's United Nations' mission in New York did not answer requests for comment. The Wall Street Journal claims that his return was under threat of retaliation to his family.[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703792704575366462408626890?mod=WSJ_World_LeadStory "Iran scientist returns to Tehran"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024615/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703792704575366462408626890?mod=WSJ_World_LeadStory |date=22 September 2018 }}, The Wall Street Journal, 14 July 2010.

File:Shahram Amiri 07.jpg

On 15 July 2010, he returned to Iran and was welcomed by Iranian officials, including Foreign Affairs Ministry officials, his wife and a 7-year-old son. At a special press conference in Tehran, he said that he had been psychologically mistreated by the US intelligence Agency (CIA) after his kidnapping. "They offered me $50 million to cooperate with them and tell the media that I am a very important person in Iran's nuclear programme and have escaped from Iran and politically that I'm a refugee to the US. They wanted me to show a laptop on the TV and say we have obtained very important information on Iran's nuclear weapon programme. But I promised myself not to tell [them] anything against my country."{{cite web|url=http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=108984|title=جزئیات ربوده شدن شهرام‌امیری از زبان خودش|first=سایت خبری تحلیلی تابناك اخبار ایران و|last=جهان|publisher=TABNAK|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814135504/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/pages/?cid=108984 |archive-date=14 August 2016|url-status=dead}}

File:Shahram Amiri 04.jpg After his return to Iran, the Fars News Agency claimed that he was secretly working for Iranian intelligence while in the United States. It was reported that he gathered information regarding CIA plans to gather intelligence on the Iranian Nuclear capabilities. U.S. officials disputed this claim, saying that he never had access to classified information.Fassihi, Farnaz.[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703954804575381310919702740 "Iran Says Amiri Spied on U.S."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028210136/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703954804575381310919702740 |date=28 October 2016 }}, The Wall Street Journal, 21 July 2010

Yusuf bin Alawai bin Abdullah, an Omani official involved in the September 2010 release on bail of Sarah Shourd, stated that Iran had been prepared to discuss an exchange of Shourd for Amiri but that "at the White House 'not everyone was on board.'" Bin Alawai avoided saying that Shourd's release was part of an exchange, but allowed "it may have helped" that Amiri had returned to Iran.[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/16/oman.minister.shourd "Omani minister discusses talks to release hiker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930045113/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/16/oman.minister.shourd/ |date=30 September 2010 }} CNN, 17 September 2010

According to NPR news, Amiri was jailed after his arrival in Iran and in May 2011 was "on trial for treason."Shuster, Mike. [https://www.npr.org/2011/05/10/136054851/covert-war-with-iran-a-wilderness-of-mirrors "Covert War With Iran: A 'Wilderness Of Mirrors'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024840/https://www.npr.org/2011/05/10/136054851/covert-war-with-iran-a-wilderness-of-mirrors |date=22 September 2018 }}, NPR, 10 May 2011 He was sentenced to ten years in prison.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2014/07/140717_nm_amiri_shahram_strike_prison|title=شهرام امیری از زمان بازگشت به ایران 'در زندان' بوده است – BBC Persian|publisher=BBC|date=17 July 2014|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809072749/http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2014/07/140717_nm_amiri_shahram_strike_prison|url-status=live}} Though others say that he was sentenced to death.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/07/iran-executes-nuclear-scientist-shahram-amiri-returned-country-from-us|title=Iran executes nuclear scientist who returned to country from US|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-date=9 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204613/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/07/iran-executes-nuclear-scientist-shahram-amiri-returned-country-from-us|url-status=live}}

On 6 July 2014, Amiri appeared in court, and could tell his relatives that he was then on hunger strike.

In August 2016 Wikileaks released several cables of the Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton which implied that Amiri has knowingly defected to the US.{{cite news|title=Trump's remarkable suggestion that Clinton's emails led to an Iranian defector's death|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/09/trumps-remarkable-suggestion-that-clintons-emails-led-to-an-iranian-defectors-death/|accessdate=21 February 2023|date=9 August 2016|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129124611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/09/trumps-remarkable-suggestion-that-clintons-emails-led-to-an-iranian-defectors-death/|url-status=live}}

In a cable dated 5 July 2010 it was mentioned that "our friend has to be given a way out". Those emails show that Amiri was a friend of the United States and a defector.{{sfn|Torbat|2020|p=246}}

On 2 August 2016, there was a last visit, where Shahram Amiri himself informed his parents of his forthcoming death; the next day, his body was returned to the family.{{cite web|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=9 August 2016|url=https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2016/08/shahram-amiri/|title=Mother of Executed Iranian Scientist Describes Last Visit With Son Day Before His Death|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810162746/https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2016/08/shahram-amiri/|url-status=live}}

Amiri was executed on 3 August 2016, for allegedly providing US Intelligence with vital information about Iran's nuclear program. The news of his execution was first announced by his mother, and later confirmed by the spokesperson for the Iranian judiciary.{{cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/iran-confirms-it-has-executed-nuclear-scientist/ar-BBvljku?li=BBmkt5R&ocid=spartandhp|title=Iran confirms it has executed nuclear scientist|date=7 August 2016|agency=Associated Press|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=9 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909204507/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/iran-confirms-it-has-executed-nuclear-scientist/ar-BBvljku?li=BBmkt5R&ocid=spartandhp|url-status=live}}

In 2010, an Iranian film studio said it would produce a telefilm about the Shahram Amiri saga.{{cite web|title=Iran to make telefilm on abduction of Shahram Amiri|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/40919/Iran-to-make-telefilm-on-abduction-of-Shahram-Amiri|website=en.mehrnews.com|publisher=Mehr News Agency|access-date=8 August 2016|date=21 July 2010}}

• List of Iranian defectors
• Dariush Rezaeinejad
• Majid Jamali Fashi

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin|40em}}

• {{cite book |title= Israel Vs. Iran The Shadow War |last=Katz |first=Yakov |year=2012 |publisher= Potomac Books |location=Tel Aviv, Israel |isbn=9781597978866}}
• {{cite book |title=Mossad: The Greatest Missions of the Israeli Secret Service |last1=Bar-Zohar |first1=Michael |last2=Mishal |first2=Nissim |year=2012 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=Tel Aviv, Israel |isbn=9780062123442}}
• {{cite book |title= Diplomatic Asylum: Exploring a Legal Basis for the Practice Under General International Law |last= Hughes-Gerber |first=Laura |year=2021 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |location=Washington DC |isbn=9783030730468}}
• {{cite book |title= The History of Mossad |last= Colonna Vilasi |first=Antonella |year=2014 |location=Yew York, United States |isbn= 9781491889619}}
• {{cite book |title=Saudi Arabia and the New Strategic Landscape |last= Teitelbaum |first=Joshua |year=2010 |publisher= Hoover Institution Press |location=United States |isbn= 9781491889619}}
• {{cite book |title= Iran Country Study Guide Volume One Strategic Information and Developments |last=IBP |first=INC |year=2016 |publisher= Int Business Publications |location=United States |isbn= 9781438774626}}
• {{cite book |title= Spies, Wiretaps, and Secret Operations: An Encyclopedia of American Espionage |last= Hastedt |first=Glenn |year=2011 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |location=United States |isbn= 9781851098071}}
• {{cite book |title= Politics of Oil and Nuclear Technology in Iran |last= Torbat |first=Akbar E. |year=2020 |publisher= Springer International Publishing |location=United States |isbn= 9783030337667}}
• {{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Atomic Espionage |last=Trenear-Harvey |first=Glenmore |year=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=United States |isbn=9780810873834}}
• {{cite book |title=Nuclear Weapons, Justice and the Law |last=Louka |first=Elli |year=2011 |publisher=Edward Elgar |location=United States |isbn=9780857931092}}

{{refend}}

{{Commons category|Shahram Amiri}}

• {{YouTube|user=shahramamiri2010}}

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{{Iran–United States relations}}

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Category:1977 births

Category:2016 deaths

Category:Iranian Kurdish people

Category:Scientists from Isfahan

Category:People from Kermanshah

Category:21st-century Iranian physicists

Category:Kurdish scientists

Category:Nuclear program of Iran

Category:Iran–United States relations

Category:21st-century executions by Iran

Category:21st-century Iranian criminals

Category:People executed by Iran by hanging

Category:Iranian defectors

Category:People convicted of espionage in Iran

Category:People convicted of spying for the United States

Category:Executed spies

Category:Executed scientists

Category:Iranian nuclear physicists

Category:Executed Iranian people by the Islamic Republic of Iran