:Stephenie Meyer

{{Short description|American novelist (born 1973)}}

{{good article}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Use American English|date=January 2012}}

{{Infobox writer

| name = Stephenie Meyer

| image = Stephenie Meyer by Gage Skidmore.jpg

| caption = Meyer in 2012

| pseudonym =

| birth_name = Stephenie Morgan

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|12|24|mf=y}}

| birth_place = Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.

| death_date =

| death_place =

| occupation = {{hlist|Novelist|film producer}}

| period =

| education = Brigham Young University (BA)

| genre = Vampire romance, young adult fiction, science fiction

| subject =

| movement =

| spouse = {{marriage|Christian Meyer|1994}}

| children = 3

| signature = stephenie meyer signature.svg

| website = {{URL|stepheniemeyer.com}}

}}

Stephenie Meyer ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|.|ər}}; {{nee}} Morgan; born December 24, 1973) is an American novelist and film producer. She is best known for writing the vampire romance series Twilight, which has sold over 160 million copies, with translations into 37 different languages. She was the bestselling author of 2008 and 2009 in the United States, having sold over 29 million books in 2008{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful Celebrities: #26 Stephenie Meyer |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/06/03/forbes-100-celebrity-09-main_slide_27.html |work=Forbes |access-date=July 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719044244/http://www.forbes.com/2009/06/03/forbes-100-celebrity-09-main_slide_27.html |archive-date=July 19, 2009 |url-status=live }} and 26.5 million in 2009.{{cite news|author=Diane Roback|title=Children's Bestsellers 2009: The Reign Continues|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/453747-Children_s_Bestsellers_2009_The_Reign_Continues.php|publisher=Publishers Weekly|date=March 22, 2010|access-date=April 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719152011/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/453747-Children_s_Bestsellers_2009_The_Reign_Continues.php|archive-date=July 19, 2010|url-status=live}}

An avid young reader, Meyer attended Brigham Young University, marrying at the age of 21 before graduating with a degree in English literature in 1997. Having no prior experience as an author, she conceived the idea for the Twilight series in a dream. Influenced by the work of Jane Austen and William Shakespeare, she wrote Twilight soon thereafter. After many rejections, Little, Brown and Company offered her a $750,000 three-book deal which led to a four-book series, two spin-off novels, a novella, and a series of commercially successful film adaptations. Aside from young adult novels, Meyer has ventured into adult novels with The Host (2008) and The Chemist (2016). She has worked in film production and co-founded production company Fickle Fish Films, producing both parts of Breaking Dawn, the Twilight film series' finale, and two other novel adaptations.

Meyer's membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints shaped her novels. Themes consistent with Meyer's religion, including agency, mortality, temptation, and eternal life, are prominent in her work.{{Cite web|last=Fetters|first=Ashley|date=2012-11-15|title=At Its Core, the 'Twilight' Saga Is a Story About ________|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/11/at-its-core-the-twilight-saga-is-a-story-about/265328/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}} Critics have called Meyer's writing style overly simplistic, but her stories have also received praise, and she has acquired a fan following.

Meyer was included on Time magazine's list of the top 100 most influential people in 2008{{cite news |title=The 2008 Time 100 Finalists |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1725112_1726934_1726935,00.html |access-date=July 23, 2009 |date=April 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203011702/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1725112_1726934_1726935,00.html |archive-date=February 3, 2011 |url-status=dead }} and Forbes{{'s}} list of the top 100 most powerful celebrities in 2009, with her annual earnings exceeding $50 million.

Early and personal life

Stephenie Morgan was born on December 24, 1973, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, the second of six children born to financial officer Stephen Morgan and homemaker Candy Morgan.{{harvnb|Shapiro|2009|pp=20–21}}{{cite news |last1=Cochrane |first1=Kira |title=Stephenie Meyer on Twilight, feminism and true love |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/11/stephenie-meyer-twilight-the-host |access-date=9 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=March 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819112154/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/11/stephenie-meyer-twilight-the-host |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |url-status=live }} She was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, and attended Chaparral High School in Scottsdale.{{cite news |title=Stephenie Meyer – profile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6596716/Profile-Stephanie-Meyer-the-million-dollar-vampire-mom.html |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=The Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Limited |date=November 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115200001/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6596716/Profile-Stephanie-Meyer-the-million-dollar-vampire-mom.html |archive-date=November 15, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Laing |first1=Olivia |title=Stephenie Meyer – a squeaky-clean vampire queen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/15/profile-stephenie-meyer-vampire-queen |access-date=24 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=November 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024222628/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/15/profile-stephenie-meyer-vampire-queen |archive-date=October 24, 2019 |url-status=live }} In 1992, Meyer won a National Merit Scholarship,{{cite web |title=Scholars You May Know |url=https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/interior.aspx?sid=1758&gid=2&pgid=416 |website=National Merit Scholarship Corporation |access-date=31 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228095002/http://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/interior.aspx?sid=1758&gid=2&pgid=416 |archive-date=February 28, 2016 |url-status=live }} which helped fund her undergraduate studies at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1997.{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Michael R. |title=A Teenage Tale with Bite |url=https://magazine.byu.edu/article/a-teenage-tale-with-bite/ |access-date=31 October 2019 |work=BYU Magazine |publisher=Brigham Young University |date=Winter 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031164224/https://magazine.byu.edu/article/a-teenage-tale-with-bite/ |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=McRae |first1=Madalyn |title=4 BYU alumni who became bestselling authors |url=https://universe.byu.edu/2017/11/29/4-byu-alumni-became-bestselling-authors/ |access-date=31 October 2019 |work=The Daily Universe |publisher=Brigham Young University |date=November 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031165721/https://universe.byu.edu/2017/11/29/4-byu-alumni-became-bestselling-authors/ |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |url-status=live }} Although she began and finished her degree at BYU, Meyer took classes at Arizona State University in fall 1996 and spring 1997.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=17}}

She met her future husband, Christian{{refn|group=N|Spelled Christiaan in some sources.{{cite web |title=So much more than you ever wanted to know about Stephenie Meyer |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bio.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924185819/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bio.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2005 |website=Stephenie Meyer |access-date=31 October 2019}}}} "Pancho" Meyer, in Arizona when they were both children.{{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=5}} The couple married in 1994{{harvnb|Scherer|2012|p=19}} and have three sons, born 1997,{{Cite web |date=2014-04-02 |title=Stephenie Meyer Biography |url=https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/stephenie-meyer |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Biography.com}} 2001, and 2003.{{Cite web |title=Stephenie Meyer - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2769412/bio/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}} Christian retired from his job as an auditor to take care of their children full time.{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3917660.ece|title=Harry who? Meet the new J.K. Rowling|author=Damian Whitworth|date=May 13, 2008|work=The Times Online|access-date=August 15, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513200339/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3917660.ece|archive-date=13 May 2008|publisher=The Times|location=London}}

Before writing her first novel, Twilight, Meyer considered going to law school because she felt that she had no chance of becoming a writer. Meyer later noted that the birth of her oldest son, Gabe, in 1997 changed her mind: "Once I had Gabe, I just wanted to be his mom."{{cite news |last=Mills |first=Tony-Allen |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4492238.ece |title=News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer |work=The Times |date=August 10, 2008 |access-date=2008-12-12 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917184010/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4492238.ece |archive-date=September 17, 2008 |url-status=dead }}{{harvnb|Krohn|2010|pp=24–25}} Before becoming an author, Meyer's only professional work was as a receptionist at a property company.

The ''Twilight'' series

=The ''Twilight'' novels=

{{Main|Twilight (novel series)}}

According to Meyer, the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003, about a human girl and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood.{{cite news |title="Twilight" author: It started with a dream |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/worklife/11/18/o.twilight.newmoon.meyer/ |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=CNN |publisher=Cable News Network |date=November 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107223045/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/worklife/11/18/o.twilight.newmoon.meyer/ |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Lev |title=It's Twilight in America: The Vampire Saga |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1938712,00.html |access-date=7 November 2019 |magazine=Time |publisher=Time, Inc |date=November 23, 2009}}{{cite news |last1=Cobiella |first1=Kelly |title=Stephenie Meyer's Latest Vampire Tale |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stephenie-meyers-latest-vampire-tale/ |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=CBS News |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=August 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107223330/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stephenie-meyers-latest-vampire-tale/ |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |url-status=live }} Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became chapter 13 of the book. She wrote from chapter 13 to the end of the novel and then backfilled the first 12 chapters, in secret, without an ideal audience in mind or the intention to publish the novel.{{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=6}}; {{harvnb|Krohn|2010|p=35}} Meyer researched the Quileute Native Americans to include their legends and traditions in the novel,{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=7}} though some Quileute tribe members found her use of their legends offensive.{{Cite web|title=Misconceptions: Cultural Theft|url=https://www.burkemuseum.org/static/truth_vs_twilight/facts-03.html|access-date=2020-07-22|website=www.burkemuseum.org}} Meyer joined the American Night Writers Association (ANWA) for aspiring Latter-day Saint female writers.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=8}} She completed the novel in three months.{{cite news |author=Lev Grossman |title=Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling? |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1734838,00.html |publisher=Time |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=June 30, 2009 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523094542/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1734838,00.html |archive-date=May 23, 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |title=BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer |url=http://chbookstore.qwestoffice.net/fa2006-08.html |work=BookStories |publisher=Changing Hands Bookstore |date=August 2006 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902202116/http://chbookstore.qwestoffice.net/fa2006-08.html |archive-date=September 2, 2008 }} Her sister's response to the book was enthusiastic, and she persuaded Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.

Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.{{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=9}} Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in a 2003 auction. By November, Meyer had signed a $750,000 three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company.{{cite news |author=Karen Valby |title=Stephenie Meyer: Inside the 'Twilight' Saga |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20213067_20213068_20211938,00.html |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702052124/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20213067_20213068_20211938,00.html |archive-date=July 2, 2009 |url-status=dead }} Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.{{cite web |title=Stephenie Meyer By the Numbers |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6559505.html |publisher=Publishers Weekly |date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921130034/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6559505.html |archive-date=September 21, 2008 }} Bimonthly book signings and events at the Changing Hands Bookstore in Tempe, Arizona, early in her writing career helped cultivate her fanbase.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|pp=109-115}} Twilight reached No. 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books within a month of its release,{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/photoessays/10questions/0,30255,1833919_1752991,00.html |title=Her Literary Career – Stephenie Meyer |magazine=Time |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812160145/http://www.time.com/time/photoessays/10questions/0,30255,1833919_1752991,00.html |archive-date=August 12, 2010 |url-status=dead }} and later rose to #1.{{cite news |title=Children's Books – New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/17/books/bestseller/0617bestchildren.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 17, 2007 |access-date=July 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123145031/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/17/books/bestseller/0617bestchildren.html |archive-date=November 23, 2012 |url-status=live }} The novel was named the Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year and a New York Times Editor's Choice.{{cite web |author=Larry Carroll |title=Official 'Twilight' Synopsis Sadly Lacking In 'OME!' Exclamations |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/05/09/official-twilight-synopsis-sadly-lacking-in-ome-exclamations/ |publisher=MTV |date=May 9, 2008 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827073441/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/05/09/official-twilight-synopsis-sadly-lacking-in-ome-exclamations/ |archive-date=August 27, 2009 |url-status=dead }} Despite its success, Twilight was one of the most challenged books of 2009 according to the American Library Association for being sexually explicit, age-inappropriate, and for religious views; some schools and libraries were asked to remove the books from their shelves.{{cite news |last1=Serjeant |first1=Jill |title="Twilight" among "most challenged" books of 2009 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-books-challenged/twilight-among-most-challenged-books-of-2009-idUSTRE63D56I20100414 |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=Reuters |date=April 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010203330/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-books-challenged/twilight-among-most-challenged-books-of-2009-idUSTRE63D56I20100414 |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Upon publishing Twilight, Meyer had already outlined a story for a sequel. However, her publisher insisted that she follow Twilight with two sequels following Bella and Edward in college. Consequently, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). The original story she pitched for the sequel would later be published in Breaking Dawn.{{sfn|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=5}} Meanwhile, Meyer wrote a short story, "Hell on Earth", about demons at prom night, which was published in April 2007 in Prom Nights from Hell, a collection of stories about bad prom nights with supernatural effects.{{sfn|Shapiro|2009|p=96}} Meyer's fans urged her to expand "Hell on Earth" into a full novel, but Meyer was occupied finishing Eclipse.{{sfn|Shapiro|2009|pp=96–97}}

In its first week after publication, New Moon reached No. 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the No. 1 position, where it remained for the next 11 weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9B00E3D91330F93AA2575BC0A9619C8B63.html Children's Books: Best Sellers] from The New York Times, August 2007 In May 2007, Meyer held two promotional prom events at an Arizona State University gymnasium to celebrate the special edition release of New Moon and the release of Eclipse. For the event, Meyer wore a blood-red evening gown and signed over 1,000 books.{{cite news |last1=Irwin |first1=Megan |title=Charmed |url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/charmed-6445706 |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=Phoenix New Times |date=July 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017160709/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/charmed-6445706 |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }} Meyer's red dress was later auctioned for $5,500 at a fundraiser for a book seller's battle with breast cancer called Project Book Babe.{{cite news |last1=Standlee |first1=PJ |title=Stephenie Meyer, J.S. Lewis and More Young Adult Authors Fight Cancer with Project Book Babe |url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/stephenie-meyer-js-lewis-and-more-young-adult-authors-fight-cancer-with-project-book-babe-6613457 |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=Phoenix New Times |date=April 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011195338/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/stephenie-meyer-js-lewis-and-more-young-adult-authors-fight-cancer-with-project-book-babe-6613457 |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}

After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/04/breaking-dawn-sells-13-million-copies-in-one-day|title='Breaking Dawn' Sells 1.3 Million Copies in One Day|publisher=MTV.com|date=August 4, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828035238/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/04/breaking-dawn-sells-13-million-copies-in-one-day/|archive-date=August 28, 2008|url-status=dead}} Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day.{{cite news |last=Memmott |first=Carol |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2008-08-03-breaking-dawn-sales_N.htm |title=Record-breaking sales for 'Breaking Dawn' |date=August 4, 2008 |website=USA Today |access-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408174254/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2008-08-03-breaking-dawn-sales_N.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2011 |url-status=live }} The novel won Meyer a British Book Award for Children's Book of the Year, despite competition from J. K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard.{{cite news |title=Obama biography captures U.K. book prize |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/obama-biography-captures-u-k-book-prize-1.858359 |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=CBC |publisher=CBC/Radio Canada |date=April 4, 2009}} In 2009, Meyer faced plagiarism accusations for Breaking Dawn. Author of The Nocturne, Jordan Scott, claimed the circumstances around Bella's supernatural pregnancy and subsequent transformation into a vampire were similar to the storyline of her novel and indicated that Meyer plagiarized the plot of The Nocturne. Meyer dismissed the accusation, claiming she had not heard of the writer nor the novel. Scott failed to produce a copy of the novel to support her accusation; The Nocturne is not available on Amazon and is listed as "temporarily sold out" on her website.{{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Stephenie Meyer faces plagiarism claim |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/aug/05/stephenie-meyer-plagiarism-claim |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=August 5, 2009}}

The series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide{{cite web |author=John A. Sellers |title=New Stephenie Meyer Novella Arriving in June |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/454614-New_Stephenie_Meyer_Novella_Arriving_in_June.php |publisher=Publishers Weekly |date=March 30, 2010 |access-date=March 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031075628/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/454614-New_Stephenie_Meyer_Novella_Arriving_in_June.php |archive-date=October 31, 2010 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |author=Lev Grossman |title=It's Twilight in America |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1938712-1,00.html |publisher=Time |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=November 13, 2009 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119014126/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1938712-1,00.html |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |url-status=dead }} in 37 languages.{{cite news|author=Kenneth Turan|title=Movie Review: 'Twilight'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-twilight21-2008nov21,0,2444525.story|work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 21, 2002|access-date=November 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222020405/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-twilight21-2008nov21,0,2444525.story|archive-date=December 22, 2008|url-status=live}}{{cite news|author=Claudia Parsons|title="Twilight" publisher sees film boosting book sales|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4AK03620081121|publisher=Reuters|date=November 21, 2008|access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cite news|author=Anita Singh|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2602938/Harry-Potter-under-threat-from-Bella-Swan-in-new-vampire-film-Twilight.html|title=Harry Potter under threat from Bella Swan in new vampire film Twilight|website=The Daily Telegraph|date=August 22, 2008|access-date=November 1, 2008|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020031745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2602938/Harry-Potter-under-threat-from-Bella-Swan-in-new-vampire-film-Twilight.html|archive-date=October 20, 2008|url-status=dead}} In 2008, the four Twilight books were in the top four spots on USA Today{{'}}s year-end bestseller list. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008 and the first author to have books in all four of the top-selling spots.{{cite news|author=Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros|title=Sellers basked in Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' in 2008|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-main_N.htm|website=USA Today|date=January 15, 2009|access-date=January 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117023940/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-main_N.htm|archive-date=January 17, 2009|url-status=live}} The Twilight novels held the top four spots on USA Today{{'}}s year-end list again in 2009.{{cite news |author=Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros |title=Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' series sweeps top four spots |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2010-01-14-topsellers14_ST_N.htm |work=USA Today |date=January 14, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2010}} The success of the Twilight series has been attributed to the Internet, which allowed Meyer to directly reach out to her fans, leading the series to be called "the first social networking bestseller".{{sfn|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=162}} According to scholar Lykke Guanio-Uluru, the Twilight series "popularized and helped redefine, the paranormal romance subgenre".{{sfn|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=232}}

=''Twilight'' saga films=

{{Main|The Twilight Saga (film series)}}

In 2004, Paramount's MTV Films and Maverick Films optioned Twilight before the book was published in order to maximize its potential profits. The written script deviated greatly from the novel. However, the film was put into turnaround. In 2006, Erik Feig, president of Summit Entertainment, attempted to make a deal with Meyer by assuring her that the film would be true to the novel and that "no vampire character [would] be depicted with canine or incisor teeth longer or more pronounced than may be found in human beings".{{cite magazine |last1=Sperling |first1=Nicole |title='Twilight' hits Hollywood |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/07/16/twilight-hits-hollywood/ |access-date=10 January 2020 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Meredith Corporation |date=July 16, 2008}} In 2007, the rights were sold to Summit Entertainment.{{sfn|Larsson|Steiner|2011|pp=19, 26}} Catherine Hardwicke was chosen to direct the film, and Melissa Rosenberg wrote the new script.Fleming, Michael [https://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/hardwicke-to-direct-meyer-s-twilight-2-1117973209/ Hardwicke to direct Meyer's 'Twilight'], Variety (October 2, 2007) Kristen Stewart was cast first as Bella Swan, and Robert Pattinson was cast as Edward Cullen after an audition with Stewart and Pattinson revealed they had good chemistry.{{cite news |last1=Fernandez |first1=Alexia |title="Twilight" Director Recalls "Electricity" When Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson First Met |url=https://people.com/movies/kristen-stewart-robert-pattinson-first-met-director-electricity/ |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=People |publisher=Meredith Corporation |date=October 16, 2018}} Taylor Lautner was cast in the role of Jacob Black.{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_movie.html |title=Twilight Series | Twilight | Twilight the Movie |date=December 15, 2009 |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624041600/http://stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_movie.html |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |url-status=live }} Released on November 21, 2008,{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Sabrina Rojas |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/15/did-harry-potter-release-date-change-to-avoid-twilight-competition/ |title=Did 'Harry Potter' Release Date Change To Avoid 'Twilight' Competition? |date=August 15, 2008 |publisher=MTV |access-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921104142/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/15/did-harry-potter-release-date-change-to-avoid-twilight-competition |archive-date=September 21, 2010 |url-status=dead }} the film received favorable reviews; Roger Ebert called the film, "lush and beautiful" and Peter Bradshaw said it was, "wildly enjoyable".{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Peter |title=Twilight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/dec/19/film-review-twilight-teen-vampire |access-date=8 January 2020 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=December 18, 2008}} The film was a box-office success and became the fourth-highest-grossing November opening weekend release up to that time.{{cite news |last1=Verrier |first1=Richard |title='Twilight' leaves mark on opening weekend |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-24-fi-boxoffice24-story.html |access-date=8 January 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=November 24, 2008}} Meyer makes a brief cameo appearance in a diner scene.{{cite news|author=Larry Carroll|title=Exclusive: 'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Shoots Movie Cameo|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/04/04/exclusive-twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-shoots-movie-cameo/|publisher=MTV|date=April 4, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217233842/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/04/04/exclusive-twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-shoots-movie-cameo/|archive-date=February 17, 2009|url-status=dead}} The same year, Meyer began her work in film with a Jack's Mannequin music video "The Resolution", which she co-directed with Noble Jones.{{cite news|author=James Montgomery|title='Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer To Direct Vampire-Free Jack's Mannequin Video|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593776/20080828/jacks_mannequin.jhtml|publisher=MTV|date=August 28, 2008|access-date=October 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912104154/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593776/20080828/jacks_mannequin.jhtml|archive-date=September 12, 2008|url-status=dead}}

Following the success of Twilight, Summit greenlit a film adaptation of the sequel, The Twilight Saga: New Moon.{{cite web|last=Carroll|first=Larry|title='Twilight' Sequel Confirmed: 'New Moon' To Hit The Big Screen|work=MTV|publisher=MTV Networks|date=November 22, 2008|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1599994/story.jhtml|access-date=April 20, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309010636/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1599994/story.jhtml|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead}} Each novel adaptation was headed by a different director.{{sfn|Morey|2012|p=213}} Chris Weitz directed New Moon,{{cite web| last=Carroll| first=Larry| title=BREAKING: Chris Weitz Named 'New Moon' Director, While Taylor Lautner Comes Up Short| work=MTV| publisher=MTV Networks| date=December 13, 2008| url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/12/13/breaking-chris-weitz-named-new-moon-director-while-taylor-lautner-comes-up-short/| access-date=September 23, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309012205/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/12/13/breaking-chris-weitz-named-new-moon-director-while-taylor-lautner-comes-up-short/| archive-date=March 9, 2009| url-status=dead}} which was released on November 20, 2009.{{cite magazine|last=Sperling|first=Nicole|title='Twilight' sequel: New details on 'New Moon'|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|publisher=Time Inc|date=December 10, 2008|url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/10/twilight-sequel|access-date=September 23, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109044308/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/10/twilight-sequel/|archive-date=January 9, 2010}} On opening night, New Moon broke the record for the highest single-day domestic gross on opening day, which had previously been set by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.{{harvnb|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=162}}{{cite news |author=Anthony D'Alessandro |title='New Moon' takes opening day record |url=https://variety.com/2009/film/box-office/new-moon-takes-opening-day-record-1118011716/ |publisher=Reed Elsevier Inc. |work=Variety |date=2009-11-21 |access-date=2009-11-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125075149/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118011716.html?categoryid=1082&cs=1 |archive-date=2009-11-25 }} Despite its commercial success, the film received poor reviews; Roger Ebert criticized the slow pace of the film, and Tim Robey of The Telegraph similarly said, "the movie gives us all the requisite looks of tortured longing, and not a lot else".{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=The Twilight Saga: New Moon |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-twilight-saga-new-moon-2009 |website=Roger Ebert |publisher=Ebert Digital LLC |access-date=10 January 2020 |date=November 18, 2009}}{{cite news |last1=Robey |first1=Tim |title=The Twilight Saga: New Moon, review |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-twilight-saga-new-moon-2009 |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |date=November 19, 2009}} Directed by David Slade, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, an adaptation of the third book in the series, was released on June 30, 2010. An article from The Guardian reported that it was the best film of the series according to critical consensus for being more "cinematic" and striking a better balance between romance and the supernatural.{{cite news |last1=Shoard |first1=Catherine |title=Critics back in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jun/28/twilight-saga-eclipse-reviews |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=June 28, 2010}} However, an article from The Telegraph rebutted The Guardian{{'s}} claim, arguing that Twilight remained the best film in the series due to the "entirely straight-faced contrast between the forces of eternal darkness and the rigors of high school".{{cite news |last1=Shone |first1=Tom |title=Twilight Saga: Eclipse, review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/twilight/7866201/Twilight-Saga-Eclipse-review.html |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |date=July 1, 2010}} Having already obtained the rights to Breaking Dawn,{{cite news |author=Steven Zeitchik |title='Twilight' film franchise looks ahead |date=November 14, 2008 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ifc7bb2290700c27f4a0ada4363d9b59e |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=January 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204062709/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ifc7bb2290700c27f4a0ada4363d9b59e |archive-date=December 4, 2008 |url-status=live }} Summit approved a two-part adaptation.{{cite news |title='Twilight: Breaking Dawn', will be released as two films |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0612/Twilight-Breaking-Dawn-will-be-released-as-two-films |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=June 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107231655/https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0612/Twilight-Breaking-Dawn-will-be-released-as-two-films |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}

In 2011, Meyer started her own production company, Fickle Fish Films, with producer Meghan Hibbett. Meyer spent much of 2011 producing both parts of Breaking Dawn, as well as the film adaptation of Shannon Hale's novel Austenland.{{cite news|title=Q&A Stephenie Meyer: 'Twilight' Author Trades Undead for Well-Bred in 'Austenland'|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/qa-stephenie-meyer-twilight-author-trades-undead-for-well-bred-in-austenland-1200577471/|access-date=September 7, 2014|publisher=Variety|date=August 13, 2013|first=Dave|last=McNary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907052857/http://variety.com/2013/film/news/qa-stephenie-meyer-twilight-author-trades-undead-for-well-bred-in-austenland-1200577471/|archive-date=September 7, 2014|url-status=live}} Breaking Dawn: Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011, and the second part was released on November 16, 2012.{{cite news |last1=Ryzik |first1=Melena |title=A Farewell to Fangs, Fur and Fandom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/movies/twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-2-fans-bid-farewell.html |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107231235/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/movies/twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-2-fans-bid-farewell.html |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |url-status=live }} Part one of the film received mixed reviews.{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Peter |title=The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn-Part 1-review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/15/twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-1-review |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=November 15, 2011}}{{cite news |last1=Dargis |first1=Manohla |date=November 17, 2011 |title=Edward, You May Now Bite the Bride |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/18/movies/the-twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-i-review.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107231703/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/18/movies/the-twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-i-review.html |archive-date=November 7, 2019}} Part two of the film received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending "sensational". Critics also praised the acting, particularly that of Stewart.{{cite news |last1=Exley |first1=Jennifer |title='The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn-Part 2": What the Critics Are Saying |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/twilight-breaking-dawn-stewart-pattinson-lautner-390855 |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 15, 2012}}

The Twilight Saga was successful in the box office. With a combined budget of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide.{{cite news |last1=Mendelson |first1=Scott |title='Twilight' Taught Hollywood Lessons That It Has Only Started To Learn |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2018/11/21/how-twilight-with-kristen-stewart-and-robert-pattinson-turned-a-fairy-tale-romance-into-a-blockbuster-franchise/#2c29f68e6fb8 |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=Forbes |date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121190539/https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2018/11/21/how-twilight-with-kristen-stewart-and-robert-pattinson-turned-a-fairy-tale-romance-into-a-blockbuster-franchise/#2c29f68e6fb8 |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |url-status=live }} Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized. Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy).{{cite news |last1=Couch |first1=Aaron |title='Twilight' Wins 7 Razzie Awards Including Worst Picture |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/twilight-wins-7-razzie-awards-423720 |access-date=18 October 2019 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018172249/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/twilight-wins-7-razzie-awards-423720 |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |url-status=live }} The series spawned two parody films: Vampires Suck and Breaking Wind, which were critical failures.{{cite news |last1=Chaney |first1=Jen |title="Vampires Suck": This "Twilight" spoof does, too |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/vampires-suck-this-twilight-spoof-does-too/ |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The Seattle Times |date=August 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017171358/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/vampires-suck-this-twilight-spoof-does-too/ |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Edwards |first1=David |title=Breaking Wind review: A Twilight spoof even unfunnier than Vampires Suck |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/going-out/film/breaking-wind-review-a-twilight-spoof-776283 |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=Mirror |date=March 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017171359/https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/going-out/film/breaking-wind-review-a-twilight-spoof-776283 |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}

In 2009, Stephenie Meyer was included in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities, entering at No. 26. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.{{cite web |author=Gil Kaufman |title=Angelina Jolie, Oprah, Madonna Top Forbes Celebrity 100 |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1613253/20090604/madonna.jhtml |publisher=MTV |date=June 4, 2009 |access-date=June 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607132917/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1613253/20090604/madonna.jhtml |archive-date=June 7, 2009 |url-status=dead }} The same year, Meyer was ranked No. 5 on Forbes{{'}} list of "Hollywood's Top-Earning Women", the only author on the list, and it was noted that the "Twilight series of young-adult vampire books have taken the publishing and film worlds by storm".{{cite news |author=Dorothy Pomerantz |title=Hollywood's Top-Earning Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/05/top-earning-women-business-entertainment-hollywood.html |work=Forbes |date=August 5, 2009 |access-date=August 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808121805/http://www.forbes.com/2009/08/05/top-earning-women-business-entertainment-hollywood.html |archive-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live }} In 2010, Forbes ranked her as the No. 59 most powerful celebrity with annual earnings of $40 million.{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/53/celeb-100-10_Stephenie-Meyer_NORR.html|title=#59 Stephenie Meyer|date=2010|website=Forbes.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129195344/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/53/celeb-100-10_Stephenie-Meyer_NORR.html|archive-date=29 January 2012|access-date=2019-10-30}}

File:StephMeyerX.PNG

=Subsequent ''Twilight'' publications=

In August 2009, USA Today revealed that Meyer broke J. K. Rowling's record on their bestseller list; the four Twilight books had spent 52 straight weeks in the top 10.{{cite news |author=Carol Memmott and Mary Cadden |title=Twilight series eclipses Potter records on Best-Selling list |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-08-03-twilight-series_N.htm |work=USA Today |date=August 5, 2009 |access-date=January 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919103629/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-08-03-twilight-series_N.htm |archive-date=September 19, 2009 |url-status=live }} In all, the books have spent more than 235 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.{{sfn|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=6}} Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html |title=Twilight Series | Breaking Dawn |date=August 12, 2008 |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002514/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html |archive-date=December 13, 2008 |url-status=live }} In 2015, she published a new book in honor of the 10th anniversary of the best-selling franchise titled Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with the genders of the original protagonists switched.{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/biz/news/twilight-gender-swap-life-and-death-twilight-reimagined-beau-edythe-1201611351/|title='Twilight' Gets Gender-Swapped Novel – Variety|author=Maane Khatchatourian|work=Variety|date=October 6, 2015|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821214852/http://variety.com/2015/biz/news/twilight-gender-swap-life-and-death-twilight-reimagined-beau-edythe-1201611351/|archive-date=August 21, 2017|url-status=live}}

On March 30, 2010, it was announced that Meyer had written a 200-page novella entitled The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. The book was released on June 5, 2010, by Atom and was available for free between June 7 and July 5 on the official website.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/mar/30/stephenie-meyer-new-twilight-novella|title=Stephenie Meyer to publish new Twilight novella|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=March 30, 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=March 30, 2010|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021173416/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/mar/30/stephenie-meyer-new-twilight-novella|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}} Following the release of The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, Stephenie Meyer donated $1.5 million to the American Red Cross Relief Fund to aid victims of the earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. Those who took advantage of the free e-book were also encouraged to make donations to the Red Cross.{{cite news |last1=Rosenthal |first1=Dave |title=New Stephenie Meyer novella-online for free |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-03-new_stephenie_meyer_novella_on-story.html |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=The Baltimore Sun |publisher=Baltimore Sun |date=March 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011183114/https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-03-new_stephenie_meyer_novella_on-story.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=12}}{{cite news |last1=Kellogg |first1=Carolyn |title=Stephenie Meyer's new vampire book will benefit the Red Cross |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/03/stephenie-meyers-new-vampire-book-will-benefit-the-red-cross.html |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=March 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011183109/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/03/stephenie-meyers-new-vampire-book-will-benefit-the-red-cross.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Midnight Sun was to be a companion novel to the Twilight series. The novel was intended to be a retelling of the events of the novel Twilight, but from the perspective of Edward Cullen. Meyer had hoped to have Midnight Sun published shortly after the release of Breaking Dawn, but after an online leak of a rough draft of its first 12 chapters, Meyer chose to delay the project indefinitely. Upset by the release of a draft she called "messy and flawed", Meyer decided to pursue books unrelated to Twilight. She made the unedited and unfinished manuscript of a lengthy character development exercise of Midnight Sun available on her website.{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/midnightsun.html |title=Twilight Series | Midnight Sun |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |date=August 28, 2008 |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910005937/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/midnightsun.html |archive-date=September 10, 2010 |url-status=live }}

The release of Midnight Sun was tentatively re-planned after re-visiting the Twilight series with Life and Death, a gender-swapped retelling of the novel in 2015. However, the release of Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian in 2015 halted and soured Meyer's plans to release the Midnight Sun because Grey was also told from the male perspective. Meyer stated in a New York Comic-Con panel that it was "a literal flip the table moment", admitting that "Midnight Sun is kind of cursed". This led to the novel being on indefinite hold.{{cite news |last1=Renfro |first1=Kim |title="Fifty Shades of Grey" is the reason fans will never get the "Twilight" spinoff they've been waiting years for |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/midnight-sun-interrupted-by-fifty-shades-of-grey-spinoff-2015-10 |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=Business Insider |publisher=Insider, Inc. |date=October 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010174405/https://www.businessinsider.com/midnight-sun-interrupted-by-fifty-shades-of-grey-spinoff-2015-10 |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |last1=Lewis |first1=Megan |title=Stephenie Meyer has no plans to release "Midnight Sun" after "Grey" |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/10/09/stephenie-meyer-midnight-sun-grey/ |access-date=10 October 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=October 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010175907/https://ew.com/article/2015/10/09/stephenie-meyer-midnight-sun-grey/ |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |url-status=live }} According to an article from The Guardian in 2018, Midnight Sun was "no longer in the pipeline". However, in May 2020, it was announced that Midnight Sun would be released on August 4, 2020.{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=2020-05-04|title=Stephenie Meyer announces new Twilight book Midnight Sun|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/04/stephenie-meyer-twilight-sequel-midnight-sun|access-date=2020-05-04|issn=0261-3077}} Following its release, it sold over one million copies,{{cite news |last1=Cain |first1=Sian |title=As Midnight Sun hits No 1, Stephenie Meyer plans two more Twilight books |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/as-midnight-sun-hits-no-1-stephenie-meyer-plans-two-more-twilight-books/ar-BB17Uw2W |work=www.msn.com}} was number two on Amazon's "most sold" list,{{cite news |last1=El-Mamoud |first1=Sarah |title=Apparently We Can Thank Stephenie Meyer's Own Mother For Midnight Sun's Existence |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2552996/apparently-we-can-thank-stephenie-meyers-own-mother-for-midnight-suns-existence |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=Cinemablend|date=20 August 2020}} and was number one on USA Today{{'s}} bestseller list one week after its release date.{{cite news |last1=Cadden |first1=Mary |title=Stephenie Meyer says more books coming in 'Twilight' saga as 'Midnight Sun' sells 1M copies |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2020/08/12/stephenie-meyer-twilight-midnight-sun-sells-million-copies-first-week/3343213001/ |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=USA TODAY |date=12 August 2020}}

Meyer has mentioned having several other book ideas on file, including a ghost story titled Summer House, a novel involving time travel,{{cite news |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20211938_4,00.html |title=Stephenie Meyer's vampire empire Stephenie Meyer | Cover Story | Books | Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Ew.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022025306/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20211938_4,00.html |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |url-status=dead }} as well as another about mermaids.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/books/meyer.html |title=Twilight series offers young people a twist on vampire fiction – CBC Arts Books |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=September 24, 2007 |access-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331223817/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/books/meyer.html |archive-date=March 31, 2009 }}

Adult fiction publications

=''The Host''=

In May 2008, Meyer's adult sci-fi novel The Host was released by the adult division of Little, Brown and Company. It follows the story of Melanie Stryder and Wanderer, a young woman and an invading alien "soul", who are forced to work as one.{{cite news |last1=Schillaci |first1=Sophie |title=From 'Twilight' to 'The Host': A Stephenie Meyer Timeline |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/twilight-host-a-stephenie-meyer-431467 |access-date=16 December 2019 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216224038/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/twilight-host-a-stephenie-meyer-431467 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Nance |first1=Kevin |title=Stephenie Meyer talks about 'The Host' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/books/ct-prj-0324-host-stephenie-meyer-20130323-story.html |access-date=16 December 2019 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216222537/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/books/ct-prj-0324-host-stephenie-meyer-20130323-story.html |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |url-status=live }} The Host debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DE1639F936A15756C0A96E9C8B63&scp=3&sq=may%2025th%20best%20sellers&st=cse |title=Books – Best-Seller Lists |work=The New York Times |date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604193220/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DE1639F936A15756C0A96E9C8B63&scp=3&sq=may%2025th%20best%20sellers&st=cse |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=live }} and remained on the list for 26 weeks.{{cite news|title=The 25 Entertainers of the Year|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20152943_20153287_20239984_20,00.html|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 13, 2008|access-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201085633/http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20152943_20153287_20239984_20,00.html|archive-date=December 1, 2008|url-status=dead}} Despite having expressed intention to write a trilogy, with the second and third books being called The Soul and The Seeker, respectively,{{cite web |last=Carroll |first=Larry |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1585112/story.jhtml |title='Twilight' Writer Stephenie Meyer Wants Matt Damon For 'Host' Movie – Movie News Story MTV Movie News |publisher=Mtv.com |date=April 9, 2008 |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427075829/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1585112/story.jhtml |archive-date=April 27, 2010 |url-status=dead }} Meyer has not published any follow-up novels to The Host {{As of|2024||df=|lc=y}}.{{cite news |last1=Alter |first1=Alexandra |title=Sorry, "Twilight" Fans, Stephenie Meyer's Latest Is a Twister Spy Thriller |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/books/sorry-twilight-fans-stephenie-meyers-latest-is-a-twisted-spy-thriller.html |access-date=9 October 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009173514/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/books/sorry-twilight-fans-stephenie-meyers-latest-is-a-twisted-spy-thriller.html |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}

In April 2009, Meyer took part in Project Book Babe, a benefit designed to help pay her friend Faith Hochhalter's medical bills after Hochhalter was diagnosed with breast cancer. Meyer donated many advance reader copies and original manuscripts for auction.

The Host was adapted into a film with Andrew Niccol directing, and Saoirse Ronan starring as Melanie Stryder, Max Irons as Jared Howe and Jake Abel as Ian O'Shea.{{cite journal | last=McNary | first=Dave | url=https://variety.com/2011/scene/markets-festivals/meyer-s-host-finds-a-helmer-1118036925/ | title=Meyer's 'Host' finds a helmer | journal=Variety | date=May 12, 2011 | access-date=November 30, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061322/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118036925 | archive-date=November 8, 2012 | url-status=live }}{{cite magazine | last=Staskiewicz | first=Keith | url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/05/03/saoirse-ronan-the-host/ | title=Saoirse Ronan cast in film of Stephenie Meyer's 'The Host' | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=May 3, 2011 | access-date=November 30, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022235424/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/05/03/saoirse-ronan-the-host/ | archive-date=October 22, 2012 | url-status=live }} The film was released on March 29, 2013, to generally negative reviews.{{cite web|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2011/06/27/the-host-release-date|title='The Host' Lands Release Date: Here's What We Know About Stephenie Meyer Adaptation|publisher=MTV.com|date=June 27, 2011|access-date=June 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118121525/http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2011/06/27/the-host-release-date/|archive-date=January 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Stephan|title=Box office report: 'G.I. Joe' wins Easter Weekend with a muscular $41.2M|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/01/showbiz/movies/box-office-joe/?hpt=en_c1|access-date=April 1, 2013|newspaper=CNN|date=April 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021173400/http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/01/showbiz/movies/box-office-joe/?hpt=en_c1|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}} It received poor critical reviews and was a box office flop compared to the Twilight film series.{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/host/review/431590|title=The Host: Film Review|work=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Todd|last=McCarthy|date=March 28, 2013|access-date=January 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002083914/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/host/review/431590|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/movies/saoirse-ronan-in-the-host-from-a-stephenie-meyer-novel.html|title=Fighting the Peacenik Alien Within Her – Saoirse Ronan in 'The Host,' From a Stephenie Meyer Novel|work=The New York Times|first=Manohla|last=Dargis|date=March 28, 2013|access-date=January 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215163858/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/movies/saoirse-ronan-in-the-host-from-a-stephenie-meyer-novel.html|archive-date=December 15, 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Dean |first1=Michelle |title=Twilight author Stephenie Meyer to publish new thriller for adults |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jul/19/twilight-stephenie-meyer-adult-fiction-the-chemist |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017172558/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jul/19/twilight-stephenie-meyer-adult-fiction-the-chemist |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}

=''The Chemist'' and television productions=

In late 2015, it was announced that Meyer was producing a TV series based on Daniel O'Malley's book, The Rook.{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/stephenie-meyer-produce-rook-tv-series-316982|title=Stephenie Meyer to produce The Rook TV series – The Bookseller|access-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022111126/http://www.thebookseller.com/news/stephenie-meyer-produce-rook-tv-series-316982|archive-date=October 22, 2016|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Joanna |title=New Details on The Rook TV Series from Twilight's Stephenie Meyer |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/07/the-rook-tv-show-stephenie-meyer-twilight |access-date=17 October 2019 |magazine=Vanity Fair |publisher=Conde Nast |date=July 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422142430/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/07/the-rook-tv-show-stephenie-meyer-twilight |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |url-status=live }} Despite having purchased the rights for the novel with her production company, she left the project shortly after filming due to creative differences.{{cite news |last1=Andreeva |first1=Nellie |title="The Rook": Lisa Zwerling & Karyn Usher Join As Showrunners, EP Stephenie Meyer Exits Starz Spy Series |url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/the-rook-lisa-zwerling-karyn-usher-showrunners-stephenie-meyer-exits-starz-spy-series-1202402100/ |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=Deadline |publisher=Penske Business Media |date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207184403/https://deadline.com/2018/06/the-rook-lisa-zwerling-karyn-usher-showrunners-stephenie-meyer-exits-starz-spy-series-1202402100/ |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}

In July 2016, Little, Brown and Company announced that Meyer has written an adult action thriller titled The Chemist, about "an ex-agent on the run from her former employers". The book was released on November 8, 2016.{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/19/entertainment/stephenie-meyer-new-book/index.html|title='Twilight' author publishing thriller|first=Lisa Respers|last=France|date=July 19, 2016|publisher=CNN|access-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916225146/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/19/entertainment/stephenie-meyer-new-book/index.html|archive-date=September 16, 2016|url-status=live}} In 2018, it was announced that Meyer's production company Fickle Fish would be working with Tomorrow Studios to produce a television series based on The Chemist.{{cite news |last1=Andreeva |first1=Nellie |title="Twilight" Author Stephenie Meyer's "The Chemist" to Be Adapted As TV Series By Tomorrow Studios |url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-the-chemist-adapted-tv-series-tomorrow-studios-1202269694/ |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=Deadline |publisher=Penske Business Media |date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010190005/https://deadline.com/2018/01/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-the-chemist-adapted-tv-series-tomorrow-studios-1202269694/ |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Reception

File:Stephenie Meyer Eclipse Tour.jpg

The reception of Meyer and her novels has been mixed.{{cite book |last1=Jancovich |first1=Mark |editor1-last=Clayton |editor1-first=Wickham |editor2-last=Harman |editor2-first=Sarah |title=Screening Twilight. International Library of the Moving Image |date=2014 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |location=London |isbn=9781780766669 |url=https://www.academia.edu/31501174 |access-date=10 January 2020 |chapter=Cue the Shrieking Virgins' : The Critical Reception of the Twilight Saga}} Entertainment Weekly has stated that Meyer is "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice",{{cite news|author=Gregory Kirschling|title=Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone|url=https://ew.com/article/2008/07/05/interview-vampire-writer-stephenie-meyer/|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 2, 2007|access-date=April 14, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421012004/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20049578,00.html|archive-date=April 21, 2009|url-status=live}} while The Guardian described her as an "imaginative storyteller, a prolific author and a newly powerful figure in the publishing market".{{cite news|title=All fangs, no bite|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/07/fiction|work=The Guardian|date=August 7, 2008|access-date=August 16, 2009|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021173411/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/07/fiction|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}} Wayne Janes of the Toronto Sun agreed, saying "Meyer's success points up another trend—the virtual domination of the best-seller lists the last few years by what would normally be classified as young adult fiction", and noted, "In the absence of a new Harry Potter adventure, teens, fantasy enthusiasts and women (sales are mostly to women) who swoon at the idea of a virginal James Dean-ish vampire made Meyer the go-to gal for chaste love."{{cite web |author=Wayne Janes |title=The might of bite |url=http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/books/2008/12/28/7864431-sun.html |publisher=Toronto Sun |date=December 28, 2008 |access-date=2009-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028093520/http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/books/2008/12/28/7864431-sun.html |archive-date=October 28, 2012 |url-status=dead }} Tymon Smith of The Times has described her as the "superstar of young adult fiction".{{cite web|url=http://blogs.thetimes.co.za/bookcase/2009/08/07/stephanie-meyer-vs-jordan-scott/|title=Stephanie{{sic|nolink=1}} Meyer vs Jordan Scott|author=Tymon Smith|date=August 7, 2009|work=The Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411011233/http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/bookcase/2009/08/07/stephanie-meyer-vs-jordan-scott/|archive-date=2010-04-11|access-date=2009-08-23}}

Meyer was named one of MSN Lifestyle's "Most Influential Women of 2008", where she was described as a "literary luminary".{{cite web |title=MSN Lifestyle's Most Influential Women of 2008 |url=http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=15893872&imageindex=10 |publisher=MSN |access-date=August 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210055420/http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=15893872&imageindex=10 |archive-date=February 10, 2009 |url-status=dead }} She was also ranked No. 49 on Time magazine's list of the "100 Most Influential People in 2008", and was included in their list of "People Who Mattered", with author Lev Grossman noting, "Maybe Americans aren't ready for a Mormon presidential nominee yet. But they're more than ready to anoint a Mormon as the best-selling novelist of the year."{{cite news|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1861543_1865283_1866534,00.html|title=People Who Mattered: Stephenie Meyer|author=Lev Grossman|date=December 17, 2008|magazine=Time|access-date=August 23, 2009|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021173428/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1861543_1865283_1866534,00.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013}}

She was ranked No. 82 on Vanity Fair's list of the "Top 100 Information Age Powers" of 2009.{{cite web |title=The New Establishment 2009 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2009/10/new-establishment200910?currentPage=17 |work=Vanity Fair |date=September 1, 2009 |access-date=September 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904030214/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2009/10/new-establishment200910?currentPage=17 |archive-date=September 4, 2009 |url-status=live }} Meyer was featured in an issue of the biographical comic Female Force, a Bluewater Productions title that celebrates influential women in society and pop culture.{{cite web |author=Mandi Bierly |title='Twilight' author Stephenie Meyer featured in 'Female Force' comic |url=http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/08/04/stephenie-meyer-comic-female-force/ |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=August 4, 2009 |access-date=August 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807223910/http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/08/04/stephenie-meyer-comic-female-force/ |archive-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live }} Meyer was the second bestselling author of the decade, according to a list published by Amazon, beaten by J. K. Rowling.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/amazon/6825584/Amazon-top-10-best-selling-books-of-the-decade.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|title=Amazon: top 10 best-selling books of the decade|first=Jonathan|last=Liew|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=May 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529015709/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/amazon/6825584/Amazon-top-10-best-selling-books-of-the-decade.html|archive-date=May 29, 2010|url-status=live}}

Despite Meyer's success, her novels have been highly criticized. The New York Times called the premise of Twilight "attractive and compelling"; however, the review continues, "the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing", indicating that Meyer's relied too much on "telling" rather than "showing" and that there were excessive references to Edward's attractiveness and Bella's swooning.{{cite news |last1=Spires |first1=Elizabeth |title='Enthusiasm' by Polly Shulman and 'Twilight,' by Stephenie Meyer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/books/review/enthusiasm-by-polly-shulman-and-twilight-by-stephenie-meyer.html |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=February 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017210504/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/books/review/enthusiasm-by-polly-shulman-and-twilight-by-stephenie-meyer.html |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }} An article from The Guardian criticized Bella's character, calling her "a clumsy, selfish nincompoop with the charisma of a boiled potato" and criticized Edward's portrayal as the "perfect little gentleman" who constantly counters Bella's sexual advances.{{cite news |last1=Russell-Williams |first1=Imogen |title=Twilight vampires? Bah! Fangs ain't what they used to be... |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/booksblog/2009/jan/08/twilight-vampire |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=January 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017210505/https://www.theguardian.com/global/booksblog/2009/jan/08/twilight-vampire |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }} NPR criticized the novel for being a repetitive "jackhammer" masked behind ornate language. Furthermore, they found the story uninteresting and the main character unlikeable.{{cite news |last1=Holmes |first1=Linda |title=The Writing Style of 'Twilight': We Kick Off The 'I will If You Will' Book Club |url=https://www.npr.org/2010/03/22/114580331/the-writing-style-of-twilight-we-kick-off-the-i-will-if-you-will-book-club |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=NPR |publisher=National Public Radio |date=March 22, 2010}} Entertainment Weekly stated that the narrative of Breaking Dawn was at times so chaotic and outrageous that Meyer shifted the point of view to Jacob Black, which only toned down the mayhem of the plot for so long.{{cite magazine |last1=Reese |first1=Jennifer |title=Breaking Dawn |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/08/08/breaking-dawn/ |access-date=18 October 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=August 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018170639/https://ew.com/article/2008/08/08/breaking-dawn/ |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Novelist Orson Scott Card, who is a Mormon like Meyer, said, "[Stephenie Meyer] writes with luminous clarity, never standing between the reader and the dream they share. She's the real thing."{{cite news |author=Orson Scott Card |title=The 2008 Time 100: Stephenie Meyer |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1736282,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=August 23, 2009 |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524112454/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1736282,00.html |archive-date=May 24, 2009 |url-status=dead }} In an interview with Newsweek, author Jodi Picoult said, "Stephenie Meyer has gotten people hooked on books, and that's good for all of us."{{cite web |author=Jennie Yabroff |title=Why Is It A Sin To Read For Fun? |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/193475 |publisher=Newsweek |date=April 11, 2009 |access-date=September 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921152134/http://www.newsweek.com/id/193475 |archive-date=September 21, 2009 |url-status=live }} Comparing Meyer to J. K. Rowling, Stephen King stated: "The real difference is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good." King went on to assert that Meyer's books appealed to readers because "[she's] opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books".{{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Twilight author Stephenie Meyer "can't write worth a darn", says Stephen King |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/05/stephenking-fiction |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=The Guardian News & Media Limited |date=February 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107233110/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/05/stephenking-fiction |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |url-status=live }} American religious history scholar Jana Riess had mixed reactions to Meyer's novels. At times, she found the Mormon theology that influences Meyer's works to be beautiful and complex. However, she describes Meyer as a gifted storyteller, not a gifted writer, noting numerous technical flaws in her novels. Furthermore, Riess criticized the "retrogressive gender stereotypes" in Meyer's work.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|p=146}}

The Quileute do have a tradition that their ancestors transformed from wolves to people, but most of the descriptions of the Quileute in the novel are inaccurate.{{Cite web|title=Misconceptions: Facts vs. Fiction|url=https://www.burkemuseum.org/static/truth_vs_twilight/facts-01.html|access-date=2020-07-22|website=www.burkemuseum.org}} The Quileute tribe described her use of their traditions in the books and films and subsequent merchandising as cultural theft.

=Fan following=

Meyer has gained a following among young adult readers of the Twilight novels, which are set in the small town of Forks on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. Forks has thus received attention from fans and celebrates "Stephenie Meyer Day" on September 13, the date of character Bella Swan's birthday.{{cite web |author=Paige Dickerson |title=Forks' Stephenie Meyer Day to celebrate 'Twilight' author's books |url=http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20100907/news/309079999/forks-stephenie-meyer-day-to-celebrate-twilight-authors-books |publisher=Peninsula Daily News |date=September 6, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715064205/http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20100907/news/309079999/forks-stephenie-meyer-day-to-celebrate-twilight-authors-books |archive-date=July 15, 2011 |url-status=live }} Meyer's fans cosplay her book characters, write fan fiction related to the stories, and attend book signings. Extreme fans are known as "Twihards".{{cite news |last1=Beasley |first1=Tom |title=Twilight forever: how superfans kept the vampire critics at bay |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/06/twilight-forever-superfans-vampire-critics-stephenie-meyer |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017170458/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/06/twilight-forever-superfans-vampire-critics-stephenie-meyer |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Inspired by Meyer's Twilight series, a genre of geek rock called "Twi-rock", similar in purpose to wizard rock inspired by J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, has emerged. Examples of these Twilight-themed bands include the Bella Cullen Project, Twilight Music Girls, Be Safe Bella, Bella Rocks, and the Mitch Hansen Band. The Mitch Hansen Band wrote the song "By You" in hopes that it would be included on the New Moon film soundtrack.{{cite news |last1=Vineyard |first1=Jennifer |title='Harry Potter' vs. 'Twilight': Battle of the 'Bands About Books' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1593000/harry-potter-vs-twilight-battle-of-the-bands-about-books/ |access-date=16 October 2019 |work=MTV News |publisher=MTV |date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016174031/http://www.mtv.com/news/1593000/harry-potter-vs-twilight-battle-of-the-bands-about-books/ |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last1=Carroll |first1=Larry |title=Mitch Hansen Band Hope For Spot on "New Moon" Soundtrack |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1620442/mitch-hansen-band-hope-for-spot-on-new-moon-soundtrack/ |access-date=16 October 2019 |work=MTV News |publisher=MTV |date=August 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016174031/http://www.mtv.com/news/1620442/mitch-hansen-band-hope-for-spot-on-new-moon-soundtrack/ |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |url-status=dead }} An unofficial Twilight themed fan convention called TwiCon was organized in Dallas, Texas, in summer 2009, which included "Twi-rock" band performances, a Volturi Ball, panels, workshops, and vendors.{{cite magazine |last1=Barrett |first1=Annie |title=Twilight: TwiCon is coming. Do not put away that pea coat |url=https://ew.com/article/2009/04/23/twilight-twicon/ |access-date=16 October 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016174036/https://ew.com/article/2009/04/23/twilight-twicon/ |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Originally an online novelized "fan-fiction" of the Twilight series, the novel Fifty Shades of Grey by E. L. James loosely explores the relationship between the main characters had they not remained celibate before marriage. Though the publisher claims the novel is "original and no longer based on Twilight", James did not receive copyright authorization to write the novel and some have argued that Fifty Shades of Grey may be a copyright infringement. Though Meyer has stated that the novel is "too smutty" and does not interest her, she has not filed a copyright claim.{{cite news |last1=Mulligan |first1=Christina |title=The most scandalous part of "Fifty Shades of Grey" isn't the sex and bondage |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/02/11/the-most-scandalous-part-of-fifty-shades-of-grey-isnt-the-sex-and-bondage/ |access-date=10 October 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010171645/https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/02/11/the-most-scandalous-part-of-fifty-shades-of-grey-isnt-the-sex-and-bondage/ |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Style and influences

=Style=

Since the release of Twilight, Meyer has been described as writing with "all plot and no style" and including "very little characterization", with her writing characterized as "fairly"{{sfn|Krohn|2010|p=53}} poor. Meyer's prose lacks a consistent style or voice; for example, her short story "Hell on Earth" is driven more by dialogue alone, in contrast with the ornate descriptions found in the Twilight series.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=27}} Meyer relies on detailed expository descriptions{{harvnb|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=28}} and active voice in her novels; she often opens her sentences with the most important information.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|pp=29-30}} While a stylistic focus of most novels is character development, Meyer has stated that she intentionally avoided describing her characters in detail, which she believes allows the reader to more easily "step into [their] shoes".{{citation |last1=Meyer |first1=Stephenie |title=Frequently Asked Questions: Twilight |date=2019 |url=https://stepheniemeyer.com/the-books/twilight/twilight-faq#bella |access-date=28 January 2021}} In some works such as New Moon, in which Bella is largely on her own, Meyer offers "deeper insight into Bella's psyche" through the chapter titles, rather than the prose itself.{{sfn|Blasingame|Deakin|Walsh|2012|p=68}}

Meyer's work is typically classified as melodrama. In Twilight, Meyer makes allusions to canonical texts such as the Book of Genesis, Wuthering Heights, Macbeth, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Meyer has said that the individual style of each of her novels came from various genres of music she listened to while writing.{{sfn|Krohn|2010|p=49}} A corpus stylistics analysis of the Twilight saga revealed that much of Meyer's description and characterization revolved around the physical attributes of the characters as shown through eyes, face, and expression. Some of Meyer's most frequent descriptions related to eye color and expression, the juxtaposition of warmth and cold, and the words "black" and "dark". The study authors concluded that the predictability and superficiality of Meyer's descriptions indicate that Meyer's writing style is unexceptional, and the success of her novels was related more to clever marketing.{{cite journal |last1=Cesiri |first1=Daniela |last2=Coccetta |first2=Francesca |title=Narrative Descriptions in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Saga. A Corpus stylistics perspective |journal=Umanistica Digitale |date=2019 |issue=6 |doi=10.6092/issn.2532-8816/8745 |url=https://umanisticadigitale.unibo.it/article/view/8745/9379 |access-date=6 January 2020}}

=Influences=

Stephenie Meyer has named Mormonism as her greatest influence.{{cite news |last1=Sanders |first1=Eli |title=10 Questions for Stephenie Meyer |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1834663,00.html |access-date=11 October 2019 |magazine=Time |date=August 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011174804/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1834663,00.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }} However, according to actor Robert Pattinson, Meyer did not intend to include Mormon references in the novels and films. Yet professor of film and religion Angela Aleiss noted numerous clear influences of Mormonism in the Twilight series.{{cite news |last1=Aleiss |first1=Angela |title=Mormon Influence, Imagery Run Deep Through 'Twilight' |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mormon-influence-imagery_n_623487 |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=Huffington Post |date=June 24, 2010}} Meyer has said, "Unconsciously, I put a lot of my basic beliefs into the story. Free agency is a big theme."{{cite thesis |last1=Smyth |first1=Karen Elizabeth |title="What's a Nice Mormon Girl Like You Doing Writing about Vampires?": Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" Saga and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |type=MA thesis |publisher=College of William & Mary |date=2011 |page=15 |doi=10.21220/s2-sy93-gw28 |s2cid=199200226 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5eb8/24e8d84d4f058a6cd480efae2f0fc583adf9.pdf |access-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011180059/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5eb8/24e8d84d4f058a6cd480efae2f0fc583adf9.pdf |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=dead }} Meyer cited BYU professor Steven Walker as having influenced her work. She explained that he revealed a new way for her to see and study literature, which impacts her writing.{{cite web |title=Interview: Twilight author Stephenie Meyer |url=http://motleyvision.blogspot.com/2005/10/interview-twilight-author-stephanie.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020024229/http://motleyvision.blogspot.com/2005/10/interview-twilight-author-stephanie.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 October 2007 |website=A Motley Vision |access-date=31 October 2019}}

Meyer has cited many novels as inspiration for the Twilight series, including Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables and its sequels.{{cite magazine |author=Karen Valby |title=Stephenie Meyer: 12 of My 'Twilight' Inspirations |url=https://ew.com/gallery/stephenie-meyer-12-my-twilight-inspirations/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=November 5, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224064332/http://www.ew.com/gallery/stephenie-meyer-12-my-twilight-inspirations |archive-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=live }} Each book in the series was also inspired specifically by a different literary classic: Twilight by Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice; New Moon by William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet; Eclipse by Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights; and Breaking Dawn by Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream.{{harvnb|Clarke|Osborn|2010|pp=39–50}};{{harvnb|Morey|2012|pp=15–17}} Although Meyer claims to have based Twilight on Pride and Prejudice, film studies scholar Anne Morey claims that the novel bears resemblance to Jane Eyre.{{sfn|Morey|2012|pp=15-17}} The choice to name Edward came from the works of Charlotte Brontë and Jane Austen, and her novels are influenced by both medieval courtly love and 19th-century etiquette. Although Meyer has claimed that she did not read vampire literature and thus could not be influenced by it, scholars Anne Klaus and Stefanie Krüger argue that Meyer's characters bear similarities to "traditional vampire figures" and that Edward resembles both gothic villains and Byronic heroes.{{sfn|Klaus|Krüger|2011}} Meyer has indicated that despite the supernatural and vampire themes in her novels, she was influenced far more by Austen and Shakespeare than by Anne Rice or Stephen King.{{cite news |last1=Associated Press |title=Teen star Stephenie Meyer writes adult novel |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/teen-star-stephenie-meyer-writes-adult-novel-wbna24389233 |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=Today |publisher=NBC Universal |date=April 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011173609/https://www.today.com/popculture/teen-star-stephenie-meyer-writes-adult-novel-wbna24389233 |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }} Meyer has described Austen, Shakespeare, and Orson Scott Card as her favorite authors.{{cite magazine |last1=Kirschling |first1=Gregory |title=Interview with vampire writer Stephenie Meyer |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/07/05/interview-vampire-writer-stephenie-meyer/ |access-date=10 October 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=July 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709202312/https://ew.com//article/2008/07/05/interview-vampire-writer-stephenie-meyer/ |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Margolis |first1=Rick |title=Love at First Bite: Stephenie Meyer talks about vampires, teen love, and her first novel, 'Twilight' |url=http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6260602.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828100150/http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6260602.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 August 2008 |website=School Library Journal |access-date=31 October 2019}}

Meyer has cited music as a prominent influence of her writing, and she posts playlists of songs which specifically inspired her books on her website. Bands included most often in her playlists are Muse, Blue October, My Chemical Romance, Coldplay, and Linkin Park.{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_playlist.html |title=Twilight Series | Twilight | Playlist |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711014315/http://stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_playlist.html |archive-date=July 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/nm_playlist.html |title=Twilight Series | New Moon | Playlist |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620223551/http://stepheniemeyer.com/nm_playlist.html |archive-date=June 20, 2016 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/ecl_playlist.html |title=Twilight Series | Eclipse | Playlist |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526182230/http://stepheniemeyer.com/ecl_playlist.html |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_playlist.html |title=Twilight Series | Breaking Dawn | Playlist |publisher=Stepheniemeyer.com |access-date=August 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620080613/http://stepheniemeyer.com/bd_playlist.html |archive-date=June 20, 2016 |url-status=live }} Meyer cites Muse as a particular inspiration because she uses the different emotions portrayed in their songs as influences for various genres of scenes.{{sfn|Krohn|2010|p=35}}

Recurring themes

=Agency=

According to professor of American religious history Jana Riess, a prominent theme in Meyer's novels is agency. In The Host, the Seeker believes that she is saving the human race by perfecting and controlling, similar to the Latter-day Saint belief that Satan's plan for human salvation was to "save" all souls by removing their agency and ability to sin. The Seeker plays a Satan-like role in the novel, as Meyer attempts to convey the message that the maintenance of agency is crucial.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|p=142}} Additionally, Meyer's novels contain the themes of opposition. In The Host, Wanda learns that despite the lows and evils of humanity, beauty and pleasure could not be found on her previous planets because darkness did not exist. Wanda learns in the novel that it is only in facing darkness and sorrow that light and joy could be experienced, echoing a quotation from the Book of Mormon, "It must needs be that there is an opposition in all things".{{sfn|Reiss|2009|p=145}} However, "imprinting" in her Twilight series, the involuntary formation of a mate relationship, undermines Meyer's prolific theme of free agency.{{cite news |last1=Jepson |first1=Eric W. |title=Saturday's Werewolf: The Doctrine that Makes Stephenie Meyer's Lycanthropes Golden Investigators |url=https://www.sunstonemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/157-21-25.pdf |access-date=13 January 2020 |work=Sunstone Magazine |publisher=Sunstone Education Foundation |date=December 2009}} According to literature and women's studies scholar Natalie Wilson, the juxtaposition between Bella's agency to choose her mate and Jacob, a Native American male's, inability to choose has racial and cultural implications.{{sfn|Wilson|2011|p=152}}

=Mortality and temptation=

Another theme is overcoming the circumstances and temptations of mortality referred to in the Book of Mormon as overcoming the "natural man", which is exemplified by Meyer's character Edward.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|pp=142-143}} As a vampire, Edward's purpose is to be carnal, killing and feeding on human blood. As led by Carlisle, Edward chooses to give up this life and transcend his circumstances by becoming a "vegetarian", choosing to feed only on animals. He chooses to uphold these values despite the daily temptation, which only augments when he meets Bella; he finds her blood nearly irresistible. Edward undergoes a transformation in which Bella's trust in Edward allows him to trust his own ability to overcome temptation and keep Bella safe.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|p=143}} Self-control is a prominent theme in the Twilight series, the word appears 125 times throughout the novels, as the main characters struggle to control their emotions, attraction, thirst, or jealousy.{{sfn|Morey|2012|p=65}}

=Immortality and eternal life=

Apparent in Meyer's Twilight series is the theme of the distinction between immortality and eternal life. In Meyer's novels, vampires are immortal and have superhuman gifts and abilities; however, the Cullen family longs for things they cannot have. Their circumstances prevent them from forming meaningful relationships with humans or other vampires, isolating them within their small clan. Furthermore, the couples in the Cullen family are unable to procreate, which causes severe bitterness in Rosalie who envies Bella's ability to be pregnant. According to Riess, the distinction between eternal life and immortality is represented by Bella, who in Breaking Dawn, has achieved eternal life rather than immortality because she achieved the Mormon tenets of eternal life: immortality and a perfected body, eternal parenthood, and an eternal marriage.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|p=144}} Riess indicates that Bella receives immortality in an act of self-sacrifice rather than self-service, as she dies for the birth of her child. Bella is subsequently resurrected in a perfected vampire body. In Mormonism, resurrection occurs in the context of relationships, exemplified by Bella who enjoys her resurrected body in the company of her husband, child, and the rest of the Cullen family.{{sfn|Reiss|2009|pp=144-145}} The titles of the novels serve to reinforce this idea. At the beginning of the series, Bella discusses leaving Phoenix and heading to Forks where she says, "[goodbye] to the sun". The titles of the first three novels, Twilight, New Moon, and Eclipse, serve as natural phenomenon in which the sun is darkened. However, the final novel is titled Breaking Dawn, which symbolizes the beginning of a new day and Bella's transformation into a vampire and subsequent transcendence of her old life.{{sfn|Guanio-Uluru|2015|p=177}}

Views

=Religion=

Meyer is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and does not drink alcohol or coffee, smoke, or watch R-rated movies. Similarly, there is no drinking and smoking in the novels (with the exception of her 2008 The Host, which contains drinking). Despite pressure to include a major sex scene, Meyer was adamant against including graphic sex in her series. According to Lev Grossman of Time, some of the series' appeal is due to its lack of sex and its eroticizing of abstinence. As a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Meyer acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from and where they are going, than might be typical."{{cite news |last=Trachtenberg |first=Jeffrey A. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118670290131693667 |title=Booksellers Find Life After Harry in a Vampire Novel |date=August 10, 2007 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=December 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215055255/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118670290131693667 |archive-date=February 15, 2015 |url-status=live }} Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be influenced by her religion or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/news-review-interview-stephenie-meyer-j6vvtfgczhd|title=News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer|author=Tony-Allen Mills|date=August 10, 2008|access-date=August 15, 2009|work=The Times|location=London}}

Growing up, Meyer's life and family revolved around the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They were involved in their community, and a young Meyer met her future husband at church. She studiously read the Book of Mormon, citing the book as having "the most significant impact on [her] life".{{harvnb|Shapiro|2009|pp=22–23}}{{harvnb|Hanks|2009|p=26}} However, Meyer dislikes when media constantly mentions her religion, saying that the press does not emphasize the religions of other authors.{{cite news |last1=Bosman |first1=Julie |title=Book Stokes Vampire Fever at Stores' Parties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/02/books/02meyer.html |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=August 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017161651/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/02/books/02meyer.html |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Meyer is cited as having played a part in bringing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints more into the mainstream by books The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith by Matthew Bowman and LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Newswander.{{cite news |last1=Winston |first1=Diane |title="The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith" by Matthew Bowman and "LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture" by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Newswander |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/the-mormon-people-the-making-of-an-american-faith-by-matthew-bowman-andlds-in-the-usa-mormonism-and-the-making-of-american-culture-by-lee-trepanier-and-lynita-k-newswander/2012/02/14/gIQAro4x1R_story.html |access-date=10 October 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011163507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/the-mormon-people-the-making-of-an-american-faith-by-matthew-bowman-andlds-in-the-usa-mormonism-and-the-making-of-american-culture-by-lee-trepanier-and-lynita-k-newswander/2012/02/14/gIQAro4x1R_story.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}

=Feminism=

According to an article from The Guardian, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer has stated that, "the world is a better place when women are in charge". Additionally, she was happy with the commercial successes of Catherine Hardwicke, the director of Twilight, and enjoyed working with a nearly all-female production for Austenland. Meyer has explained that her definition of feminism is the ability for a woman to choose, and the definition of anti-feminism is removing the choice, whether it fits gender stereotypes or not, from the woman entirely. She continued that some modern feminists contradict their message of equality for women by limiting or shaming certain women's choices. Furthermore, she stated that women who choose to stay home or have children are particularly criticized and that limitations on what women can do are anti-feminist in nature.{{harvnb|Ashcraft|2013|p=22}}

Meyer has been criticized by some feminists who consider Meyer an antifeminist writer. Some claim that the series romanticizes a physically abusive relationship, criticizing things like Bella's entire life revolving around Edward; never being in control of her own life; being absolutely dependent on Edward's ability to protect her life, her virginity, and her humanity; and the physical injuries Bella suffers from finally consummating her relationship with Edward.{{cite web|url=https://www.salon.com/2008/07/30/twilight_3/|title=Touched by a vampire|author=Laura Miller|date=July 30, 2008|work=salon.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124011412/http://www.salon.com/2008/07/30/twilight_3/|archive-date=November 24, 2011|access-date=December 3, 2009}}{{cite web |author=Christine Seifert |url=http://bitchmagazine.org/article/bite-me-or-dont |title=Bite Me! (Or Don't) |publisher=bitchmagazine.org |access-date=December 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107125826/http://bitchmagazine.org/article/bite-me-or-dont |archive-date=January 7, 2010 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |author=Natalie Wilson |date=November 17, 2011 |url=http://msmagazine.com/blog/blog/2011/11/17/breaking-dawn-part-1an-anti-abortion-message-in-a-bruised-apple-package/ |title=Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package |publisher=msmagazine.com |access-date=November 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314123346/http://msmagazine.com/blog/blog/2011/11/17/breaking-dawn-part-1an-anti-abortion-message-in-a-bruised-apple-package/ |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |url-status=live }} Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, saying both that the books center around Bella's choice and that her damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.{{sfn|Ashcraft|2013|p=108}} Women's studies scholar Donna Ashcraft argues that Meyer is not a feminist, by definition, because her novels encourage traditional gender roles. However, although Ashcraft qualifies Meyer as traditional or non-feminist, she says that Meyer is not antifeminist.

After being asked in an interview with The Guardian whether she is anti-abortion, Meyer refused to directly answer the question, insisting that she does not like to talk about politics and that she abhors when celebrities use their popularity to influence voters.{{Cite news |last1=Cochrane |first1=Kira |last2=@kiracochrane |date=2013-03-11 |title=Stephenie Meyer on Twilight, feminism and true love |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/11/stephenie-meyer-twilight-the-host |access-date=2023-06-06 |issn=0261-3077}}

Awards

{{Awards table|3}}

|-

| 2006

| Best Fiction for Young Adults

| Young Adult Library Services Association

| {{won}}

| For Twilight

| {{cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/awardsgrants/awards/408/all_years|title=Best Fiction for Young Adults|website=American Library Association|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010213213/http://www.ala.org/awardsgrants/awards/408/all_years|archive-date=October 10, 2019|url-status=live}}

|-

| 2008

| Author of the Year

| USA Today

| {{won}}

|

| {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/2008-12-17-meyer-10-picks_N.htm|title=Books year in review|work=USA Today|date=December 28, 2008|access-date=July 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003034250/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/2008-12-17-meyer-10-picks_N.htm|archive-date=October 3, 2009|url-status=live}}

|-

| 2009

| Children's Book of the Year

| British Book Awards

| {{won}}

| For Breaking Dawn

| {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/5102773/Barack-Obama-triumphs-at-British-Book-Awards-with-Dreams-From-My-Father.html|last1=Wardrop|first1=Murray|title=Barack Obama triumphs at British Book Awards with Dreams From My Father|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited|date=April 4, 2009|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011210243/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/5102773/Barack-Obama-triumphs-at-British-Book-Awards-with-Dreams-From-My-Father.html|archive-date=October 11, 2019|url-status=live}}

{{end}}

Bibliography

=Twilight series=

=Standalone Novels=

=Young adult short stories=

=Comics=

Twilight series:

  1. Twilight: The Graphic Novel (2010–2011), with Young Kim
  2. New Moon: The Graphic Novel (2012), with Young Kim

=Non-fiction=

  • "Hero at the Grocery Store" (2006), article

Filmography

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:auto; margin-right:auto"

! rowspan="2" | Year

! rowspan="2" | Title

! colspan="3" | Credited as

! rowspan="2" | Notes

! rowspan="2" | Ref.

width=65 | Actress

! width=65 | Producer

! width=65 | Director

2008

| align="left" |Twilight

| {{yes}}

|

|

|align="left" |Diner customer (uncredited)

|{{cite news |last1=Durand |first1=Elizabeth |title=Stephenie Meyer Makes Cameo in "Breaking Dawn: Part 1" |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2805314/stephenie-meyer-cameo-breaking-dawn-part-1/ |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=MTV News |publisher=MTV |date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008204311/http://www.mtv.com/news/2805314/stephenie-meyer-cameo-breaking-dawn-part-1/ |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |url-status=dead }}

2008

| align="left" |The Resolution

|

|

| {{yes}}

| align="left" |Music video for The Resolution by Jack's Mannequin, co-director with Noble Jones

|{{cite news |last1=Vineyard |first1=Jennifer |title="Twilight" Author Stephanie Meyer Tries to Drown Jack's Mannequin in "Resolution" Video |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1594188/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-tries-to-drown-jacks-mannequin-in-resolution-video/ |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=MTV News |publisher=MTV |date=September 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022111311/http://www.mtv.com/news/1594188/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-tries-to-drown-jacks-mannequin-in-resolution-video/ |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |url-status=dead }}

2011

| align="left" |Breaking Dawn – Part 1

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

|

| align="left" |Part one of film based on her novel Breaking Dawn, wedding guest (uncredited)

|{{cite news |last1=Richmond |first1=Krista |title="Breaking Dawn" author Stephenie Meyer discusses her new role as movie producer |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Culture-Cafe/2011/1109/Breaking-Dawn-author-Stephenie-Meyer-discusses-her-new-role-as-movie-producer |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=November 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709202302/https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Culture-Cafe/2011/1109/Breaking-Dawn-author-Stephenie-Meyer-discusses-her-new-role-as-movie-producer |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}

2012

| align="left" |Breaking Dawn – Part 2

|

| {{yes}}

|

| align="left" |Part two of film based on her novel Breaking Dawn

|

rowspan="2" |2013

| align="left" |The Host

|

| {{yes}}

|

| align="left" |Film based on her novel The Host

| {{cite news |last1=Kit |first1=Zorianna |title=A Minute With: "Twilight" author Stephanie Meyer on "The Host" |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-stepheniemeyer/a-minute-with-twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-on-the-host-idUSBRE92Q0AR20130327 |access-date=8 October 2019 |work=Reuters |date=March 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008204313/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-stepheniemeyer/a-minute-with-twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-on-the-host-idUSBRE92Q0AR20130327 |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}

align="left" |Austenland

|

| {{yes}}

|

| align="left" |Film based on novel of the same name by Shannon Hale

|

2018

| align="left" |Down a Dark Hall

|

| {{yes}}

|

| align="left" |Film based on novel of the same name by Lois Duncan

|{{cite magazine |last1=Vary |first1=Adam B. |title=Stephenie Meyer optioning suspense novel "Down a Dark Hall" |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/19/stephenie-meyer-down-a-dark-hall/ |access-date=8 October 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008204315/https://ew.com/article/2012/04/19/stephenie-meyer-down-a-dark-hall/ |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Adaptations

References

=Notes=

{{Reflist|24em|group=N}}

=Citations=

{{Reflist|25em}}

=Works cited=

  • {{cite book |last1=Ashcraft |first1=Donna M. |title=Deconstructing Twilight: Psychological and Feminist Perspectives on the Series |date=2013 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=New York |isbn=9781433116384}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Blasingame|first1=James |last2=Deakin |first2=Kathleen |last3=Walsh |first3=Laura A. |title=Stephenie Meyer: In the Twilight |date=2012 |publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc |location=Lanham |isbn=9780810883734 |url=https://archive.org/details/stepheniemeyerin0000blas |url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/stepheniemeyerin0000blas/page/12 12]|access-date=11 October 2019}}
  • {{cite book |editor1-last=Clarke |editor1-first=Amy M. |editor2-last=Osborn |editor2-first=Marijane |title=The Twilight Mystique: Critical Essays on the Novels and Films |date=2010 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=9780786449989}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Guanio-Uluru |first1=Lykke |title=Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature: Tolkien, Rowling, and Meyer |date=2015 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=9781137469687}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Hanks |first1=Maxine |title=Do Mormon Moms Dream of Monstrous Gods? Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Myth as Mormon Heroine's Journey |journal=Sunstone |date=December 2009 |pages=26–30 |url=https://www.sunstonemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/157-26-30.pdf |access-date=10 October 2019}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Klaus |first1=Anne |last2=Krüger |first2=Stefanie |title=Vampires Without Fangs: The Amalgamation of Genre in Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" |journal=The Looking Glass: New Perspectives on Children's Literature |date=2011 |volume=15 |issue=1 |url=http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/ojs/index.php/tlg/article/view/260/257#two |access-date=10 January 2020}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Krohn |first1=Katherine |title=Stephenie Meyer: Dreaming of Twilight |journal=USA Today |date=October 1, 2010 |isbn=9780761363705 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezO5jgwQJIoC&q=Stephenie+Meyer+writing+style&pg=PP1 |access-date=6 January 2020}}
  • {{cite book |editor1-last=Larsson |editor1-first=Mariah |editor2-last=Steiner |editor2-first=Ann |title=Interdisciplinary Approaches to Twilight: Studies in Fiction, Media, and a Contemporary Cultural Experience |date=2011 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |location=Lund, Sweden |isbn=9789185509638 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFHoicjI2d8C&q=MTV+and+Maverick+films+2004+Twilight&pg=PA26 |access-date=10 January 2020}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Morey |first1=Anne |title=Genre, Reception, and Adaptation in the "Twilight" Series |date=2012 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Farnham |isbn=9781409436614}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Reiss |first1=Jana |title=Book of Mormon Stories that Steph Meyer Tells to Me: LDS Themes in the Twilight Saga and The Host |journal=BYU Studies |date=2009 |volume=48 |issue=3 |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/book-mormon-stories-that-steph-meyer-tells-me-lds-themes-twilight-saga-and-host |access-date=18 October 2019}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Shapiro |first1=Marc |title=Stephenie Meyer: The Unauthorized Biography of the Creator of the Twilight Saga |date=2009 |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |location=New York |isbn=9780312638290 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/stepheniemeyerun0000shap }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Lauri S. |title=People in the News: Stephenie Meyer |date=2012 |publisher=Lucent Books |location=Farmington Hills, MI |isbn=9781420507614 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1tmDwAAQBAJ&q=Stephenie+Meyer+married+%221994%22&pg=PT20 |access-date=31 October 2019}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Natalie |title=Seduced by Twilight: The Allure and Contradictory Messages of the Popular Saga |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=9780786460427}}