:Tuzla

The name Tuzla is the Ottoman Turkish word for salt mine, tuzla, and refers to the extensive salt deposits found underneath the city, mined for export as a large source of Ottoman tax revenue. Leveraging on their shared name, the city is twinned with Tuzla, a suburb of Istanbul, Turkey.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Tuzla was a rich Neolithic settlement. Being inhabited continuously for more than 6,000 years, Tuzla is one of the oldest European sustained settlements. During the period of the Roman Republic (before the area was conquered by Rome), Tuzla (or Salines as it was called at the time) was ruled by the Illyrian tribe Breuci.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GwmrAbUXuMsC&q=breuci+tuzla&pg=PA361|title=Rimski vuk i ilirska zmija. Posljednja borba|page=361|isbn=9789958625213|access-date=30 December 2015|last1=Mesihovic|first1=Salmedin|publisher=Salmedin Mesihovic}}

File:Durch Bosnien und die Herzegovina kreuz und quer; Wanderungen (1897) (14595283388).jpg

The city was first mentioned in 950 by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his De Administrando Imperio as a fort named Salines ({{langx|el|Σαλήνες}}). The name Soli was used in the Middle Ages. It means "salts" in Bosnian and the city's present name means "place of salt" in Ottoman Turkish.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqIEAAAAQAAJ|title=The Journal of the Anthropological institute|website=Books.google.com|year=1879|access-date=30 December 2015}} During the Middle Ages it belonged mostly to the medieval Kingdom of Bosnia.

After the fall of the kingdom to the Ottoman Empire in 1463, the region was controlled by the House of Berislavić before the Ottomans occupied the villages of "Gornje Soli" and "Donje Soli" around 1512, and took control of the entire Usora in the 1530s.

It remained under Ottoman rule for nearly 400 years, where it was administered as part of the Sanjak of Zvornik. In 1878 it was occupied by Austria-Hungary. After the dissolution of the monarchy it became the part of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Husino uprising took place in 1920.

During the Second World War, Tuzla was included in the puppet Independent State of Croatia and controlled by the mainly Muslim Hadžiefendić Legion of the Croatian Home Guard.Redžić, Enver (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=mXiSKULRN-oC Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War]. Abingdon: Frank Cass. {{ISBN|978-0-7146-5625-0}}, p. 223

Tuzla was among the first areas in Europe to be liberated, when Tito's Yugoslav Partisans freed it from the German occupiers on 2 October 1943.{{cite web |title=70 Years of Tuzla Liberation |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/70-years-of-tuzla-liberation/ |website=Sarajevo Times |date=1 October 2013}} Many members of the Legion deserted to the Partisans at this time.

In December 1944, the city was unsuccessfully attacked by Chetnik forces of Draža Mihailović along with the Serbian State Guard.{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.sedmica.co.yu/feljton92.htm |date= |title=Dimitrije Ljotić and his ZBOR }}{{cite web|url=http://bhstring.net/tuzlauslikama/tuzlarije/viewnewnews.php?id=18656 |title=Tuzlarije |publisher=Bhstring.net |access-date=2013-11-24}}

After the war it developed into a major industrial and cultural centre during the Communist period in the former Yugoslavia.

File:Siegelmarke Kreisbehörde D. Tuzla W0390952.jpg|Seal of Tuzla county, 1850–1923

File:Siegelmarke Stadt-Bezirksamt D. Tuzla W0301738.jpg|Seal of Tuzla town, 1850–1923

File:Durch Bosnien und die Herzegovina kreuz und quer; Wanderungen (1897) (14801793493).jpg|Tuzla salt mine, 1897

File:3. korpus NOVJ u Tuzli oktobra 1943.jpg|Third Yugoslav Partisans' Corps marching through liberated Tuzla in October 1943.

File:Old industrial park, Tuzla, Bosnia.jpg|Yugoslav-era industrial plants in Tuzla

File:Tuzla Thermal Power Plant02A.jpg|Tuzla Thermal Power Plant

{{Main|1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla|25 May 1995 Tuzla massacre}}

File:Kapija 2018.jpg memorial]]

In the 1990 elections the Reformists won control of the municipality being the only municipality in Bosnia where non-nationalists won. During the Bosnian War of Independence between 1992 and 1995 the town was the only municipality not governed by the SDA party-led authorities. After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence and was recognized by the United Nations the city was besieged by Serbian forces. A few days later Serbian forces attacked Tuzla. The town was not spared the atrocities of the Bosnian War.

On 15 May 1992, troops of the 92nd Motorised Brigade of the Yugoslav People's Army were ambushed by units of Bosnia's Territorial Defence Force, while attempting to withdraw from the city.{{cite news |last1=Roknić |first1=Aleksandar |title=Conviction of Ex-Bosnian Police Commander Questioned |url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/conviction-ex-bosnian-police-commander-questioned |work=Institute for War and Peace Reporting |date=3 October 2009}} During the incident, 54 Yugoslav troops were killed and 44 were wounded.{{cite news |last1=Skokić |first1=Edin |title="Tuzlanska kolona teška mrlja na obrazu Tuzle" |url=https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Tuzlanska-kolona-teska-mrlja-na-obrazu-Tuzle/192218 |work=Nezavisne novine |date=15 May 2013}} In 2009, Ilija Jurišić, a former Bosnian Croat officer, was sentenced to 12 years by a Serbian court for the attack before an appeals court acquitted him in 2015 citing a lack of evidence.{{cite news |last1=Muslimovic |first1=Admir |title=Bosnian Serbs Move Tuzla Attack Commemoration |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2017/05/08/bosnian-serbs-move-tuzla-attack-commemoration-05-08-2017/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=8 May 2017}}

On 25 May 1995, an attack on Tuzla killed 71 people and injured 200 persons in what is referred to as the Tuzla massacre, when shells fired from Serb's positions on the Ozren mountain (130 mm towed field gun M-46) hit the central street and its promenade. The youngest civilian who died in that massacre was only two years old.{{cite news |last1=Muslimovic |first1=Admir |title=Bosnian Parents Mourn Child Victims of Tuzla Massacre |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2018/05/25/bosnian-parents-mourn-child-victims-of-tuzla-massacre-05-23-2018/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=25 May 2018}}

Following the Dayton Peace Accords, Tuzla was the headquarters of the U.S. forces for the Multinational Division (MND) during Operation Joint Endeavour IFOR and subsequent SFOR.

File:Bosnian social protests Tuzla.jpg Government Building in flames during the 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina.]]

In February 2014, the city was the scene of the beginning of the 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which quickly spread to dozens of cities and towns throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. After a couple of days of calm protests, people lost patience and started burning cars in front of the canton government building, and later the building itself.{{cite web | url = http://www.france24.com/en/20140207-bosnia-herzegovina-tuzla-protest-riot-unemployment/ | title = Anti-government protests turn violent in Bosnia | publisher = France 24 | date = 7 February 2014 | access-date = 7 February 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140207125724/http://www.france24.com/en/20140207-bosnia-herzegovina-tuzla-protest-riot-unemployment/ | archive-date = 7 February 2014 | url-status = dead}}

Recent years have seen economic growth as well as increases in tourism.

File:Tuzla Valley coal mines.jpg

Tuzla is located in the northeastern part of Bosnia, settled just underneath the Majevica mountain range, on the Jala River. The central zone lies in an east–west oriented plain, with residential areas in the north and south of the city located on the Ilinčica, Kicelj and Gradina Hills. It is {{convert|237|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. The climate is moderate continental. There are abundant coal deposits in the region around Tuzla. 6 coal mines continue to operate around the city. Much of the coal mined in the area is used to power the Tuzla Thermal Power Plant, which is the largest power plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Extractions of the city's salt deposits, particularly in the 20th century, have caused sections of the city center to sink. Structures in the "sinking area" either collapsed or were demolished, and there are few structures in the city that predate the 20th century, despite the fact that the city was founded over 1000 years ago. In the northeastern part of the town is an area known as Solina, named after the salt deposits.

{{Main|Pannonian Lakes}}

File:Panonsko jezero.JPG

Tuzla is the only city in Europe that has a salt lake in its centre. The ancient Pannonian Sea dried up around 10 million years ago, but work by researchers and scientists has now enabled a level of saline water to be kept stable at the surface, and in 2003 the Pannonian Lake was opened.

A second lake that includes artificial waterfalls was inaugurated in 2008. An archaeological park and replica Neolithic lake dwellings were also incorporated into the scheme, providing information about the different cultures which left their material and spiritual mark here. The site has become an international tourist destination.{{cite web |url=http://www.adriaticoinfiore.eu/english/partners/tuzla.html |title=Tuzla – INFIORE Project |publisher=Adriaticoinfiore.eu |access-date=2013-11-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004153/http://www.adriaticoinfiore.eu/english/partners/tuzla.html |archive-date=2013-10-05 }}

A third lake was completed in August 2012. Construction expenses for this were nearly 2 million Bosnian marks (ca. 1 million euros). This third lake also contains 2 water slides which are an attraction for the younger population.

The summer season of 2013 recorded approximately 5,000 visitors per day (c. 450,000 for 3 months).{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

Tuzla has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) with warm summers which have 100.6 days annually with maximum temperature above {{Convert|25|C|F|abbr=on}} 36.3 days above {{Convert|30|C|F|abbr=on}}. Tuzla has cold and chilly winters, with 85.8 days having minimum temperature below {{Convert|0|C|F|abbr=on}}, as well as 14.9 days in which the maximum temperature is also below freezing.

There are 38.7 days per year with thunder and 2.1 days with hail, both of them being more common in spring and summer than other seasons.

The highest recorded temperature is {{Convert|40.7|C|F|abbr=on}} on 22 July 2007.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Tuzla (1991-2020, extremes 1961-2020){{efn-lr|Afternoon humidity measured at 14:00 local time}}

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 21.0

|Feb record high C = 25.3

|Mar record high C = 30.0

|Apr record high C = 33.0

|May record high C = 34.2

|Jun record high C = 37.2

|Jul record high C = 40.7

|Aug record high C = 40.5

|Sep record high C = 38.2

|Oct record high C = 31.0

|Nov record high C = 26.6

|Dec record high C = 21.6

|year record high C = 40.7

| Jan avg record high C = 12.7

| Feb avg record high C = 14.0

| Mar avg record high C = 17.7

| Apr avg record high C = 23.5

| May avg record high C = 26.2

| Jun avg record high C = 30.4

| Jul avg record high C = 31.8

| Aug avg record high C = 33.1

| Sep avg record high C = 28.6

| Oct avg record high C = 22.7

| Nov avg record high C = 17.9

| Dec avg record high C = 9.7

| year avg record high C =

|Jan high C = 5.5

|Feb high C = 8.2

|Mar high C = 13.1

|Apr high C = 18.2

|May high C = 22.6

|Jun high C = 26.1

|Jul high C = 28.3

|Aug high C = 28.8

|Sep high C = 23.5

|Oct high C = 18.7

|Nov high C = 12.5

|Dec high C = 6.0

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 0.5

|Feb mean C = 2.4

|Mar mean C = 6.3

|Apr mean C = 11.0

|May mean C = 15.3

|Jun mean C = 18.8

|Jul mean C = 20.9

|Aug mean C = 20.5

|Sep mean C = 15.7

|Oct mean C = 11.1

|Nov mean C = 6.1

|Dec mean C = 1.3

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = -3.0

|Feb low C = -2.1

|Mar low C = 1.3

|Apr low C = 5.2

|May low C = 9.4

|Jun low C = 13.2

|Jul low C = 14.5

|Aug low C = 14.4

|Sep low C = 10.3

|Oct low C = 6.3

|Nov low C = 2.5

|Dec low C = -1.8

|year low C =

| Jan avg record low C = -9.8

| Feb avg record low C = -8.0

| Mar avg record low C = -2.5

| Apr avg record low C = -0.3

| May avg record low C = 7.1

| Jun avg record low C = 10.7

| Jul avg record low C = 12.4

| Aug avg record low C = 12.4

| Sep avg record low C = 8.1

| Oct avg record low C = 2.7

| Nov avg record low C = -1.5

| Dec avg record low C = -6.4

| year avg record low C =

|Jan record low C = -25.8

|Feb record low C = -22.0

|Mar record low C = -17.9

|Apr record low C = -6.6

|May record low C = -1.1

|Jun record low C = 4.0

|Jul record low C = 6.0

|Aug record low C = 5.3

|Sep record low C = -1.0

|Oct record low C = -8.0

|Nov record low C = -13.0

|Dec record low C = -19.0

|year record low C = -25.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 58.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 53.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 59.4

|Apr precipitation mm = 71.9

|May precipitation mm = 101.9

|Jun precipitation mm = 115.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 95.6

|Aug precipitation mm = 69.8

|Sep precipitation mm = 76.6

|Oct precipitation mm = 78.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 70.4

|Dec precipitation mm = 68.3

|year precipitation mm =

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 9.4

|Feb precipitation days = 9.3

|Mar precipitation days = 8.6

|Apr precipitation days = 9.8

|May precipitation days = 11.1

|Jun precipitation days = 11.1

|Jul precipitation days = 8.9

|Aug precipitation days = 6.8

|Sep precipitation days = 7.9

|Oct precipitation days = 8.5

|Nov precipitation days = 8.3

|Dec precipitation days = 9.8

|year precipitation days =

| Jan humidity =80.9

| Feb humidity =75.9

| Mar humidity =68.6

| Apr humidity =67.9

| May humidity =71.6

| Jun humidity =71.9

| Jul humidity =70.7

| Aug humidity =70.9

| Sep humidity =75.6

| Oct humidity =78

| Nov humidity =79.3

| Dec humidity =82.8

| year humidity =

| Jan afthumidity =73

| Feb afthumidity =65

| Mar afthumidity =54

| Apr afthumidity =56

| May afthumidity =56

| Jun afthumidity =57

| Jul afthumidity =56

| Aug afthumidity =55

| Sep afthumidity =58

| Oct afthumidity =63

| Nov afthumidity =68

| Dec afthumidity =76

| year afthumidity =

|Jan sun = 71.9

|Feb sun = 96.3

|Mar sun = 147.3

|Apr sun = 176.1

|May sun = 215.9

|Jun sun = 231

|Jul sun = 261.9

|Aug sun = 258.3

|Sep sun = 182

|Oct sun = 148.4

|Nov sun = 88.9

|Dec sun = 62.7

|year sun =

|source 1 = NOAA NCEI{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/BosniaAndHerzegovina/XLS/TUZLA_14557.xls |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tuzla-14557 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration | access-date = 12 March 2024|no-pp=y |type=Excel |format=XLS }}

|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes 1961–2015, afternoon humidity at 14:00, 1973–1993){{cite web

| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_145570_kt.pdf

| title = Klimatafel von Tuzla / Bosnien und Herzegowina

| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst

| language = de

| access-date = 22 November 2016}}{{cite web

| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = 2017-10-17

| title = Station 14557 Tuzla

| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration

| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst

| access-date = 22 November 2016}}{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Tuzla is 14557] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}}

}}

{{notelist-lr}}

File:Mellain Center, Tuzla.jpg is located in Tuzla.]]

Tuzla is the seat of the Tuzla Canton, which is a canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as of Tuzla Municipality, which is one of the 13 municipalities that together constitute the Tuzla Canton. Administratively, Tuzla is divided into 39 mjesne zajednice (local districts).

Apart from Tuzla, the municipality incorporates several other adjacent settlements, including the town of Gornja Tuzla (Upper Tuzla), as well as the villages of Husino, Par Selo, Simin Han, Obodnica, Kamenjaši, Plane, Šići and others.

The current mayor of Tuzla is Zijad Lugavić, of the Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH). He succeeded long-time mayor Jasmin Imamović in 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/sdp-proglasio-pobjedu-zijad-lugavic-je-novi-gradonacelnik-tuzle/230205057|title=SDP proglasio pobjedu: Zijad Lugavić je novi gradonačelnik Tuzle|date=5 February 2023|access-date=5 February 2023|language=bs|author=A.K.|publisher=Klix.ba}}

The City council of Tuzla has 30 members, of the following parties:

• Independent – 12 members
• Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH) – 8 members
• Platform for Progress (PzP) – 2 members
• Tuzla alternative – 2 members
• Party of Democratic Action (SDA) – 1 member
• Social Democrats (SD BiH) – 1 member
• Our Party (NS) – 1 member
• Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH) – 1 member
• Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH) – 1 member
• Movement of Democratic Action (PDA) – 1 member

Demographics in Tuzla municipality:

Total: 107,293

• 53,271 (49.65%) – Bosniaks
• 27,735 (25.84%) – Croats
• 21,089 (19.65%) – Serbs
• 2,540 (2.36%) – Yugoslavs
• 2,658 (2.47%) – others and unknown

Total: 121,717

• 52,400 (43.05%) – Bosniaks
• 24,811 (20.38%) – Croats
• 20,261 (16.64%) – Serbs
• 19,059 (15.65%) – Yugoslavs
• 5,186 (4.26%) – others and unknown

Total: 131,618

• 62,669 (47.61%) – Bosniaks
• 21,995 (16.71%) – Yugoslavs
• 20,398 (15.49%) – Croats
• 20,271 (15.40%) – Serbs
• 6,285 (4.77%) – others and unknown

Total: 110,979

• 80,774 (72.78%) – Bosniaks
• 15,396 (13.87%) – Croats
• 3,378 (3.04%) – Serbs
• 11,431 (10.30%) – others and unknown

Source:{{cite web|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|title=CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013|website=Popis2013.ba|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929043918/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|url-status=dead}}

File:Tuzla - Meša Selimović Statue 2 (2019).jpg]]

One of the most influential writers in the Balkans, Meša Selimović hails from Tuzla,{{cite book |last1=Čuvalo |first1=Ante |title=The A to Z of Bosnia and Herzegovina |date=2010 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9780810876477 |pages=211–212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfk4nP_fp04C&pg=PA211}} and Tuzla hosts an annual book festival in July, where the "Meša Selimović award" for the best novel written in the languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro is presented.{{cite web |last1=Kontić |first1=Jelena |title=Andrej Nikolaidis, winner of the "Meša Selimović" award |url=https://en.vijesti.me/fun/63424/andrej-nikolaidis%2C-winner-of-the-mesa-selimovic-award |website=vijesti.me |date=24 September 2017}}

The first professional theatre in Tuzla, the Tuzla National Theatre, was founded by the brothers Mihajlo and Živko Crnogorčević in 1898 during Austro-Hungarian rule, and is the oldest theatre in the country. The theatre is working continuously since 1944.

The Portrait Gallery has continuous exhibitions of work by local and international artists. The Ismet Mujezinović Gallery is mainly dedicated to Ismet Mujezinović, a painter from Tuzla. The Eastern Bosnia Museum exhibits archaeological, ethnological, historical and artistic pieces and artifacts from the whole region. An open-air museum at Solni Trg, opened in 2004, tells the story of salt production in Tuzla.

Apart from Tuzla's many mosques, there is also an Orthodox church that went untouched throughout the war.{{cite web|url=http://www.bhtourism.ba/eng/whattoseeanddo.wbsp?wbf_mjesto=;3;|title=BH Tourism – What to see and do|publisher=Bhtourism.ba|access-date=24 November 2013|archive-date=2 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233301/http://www.bhtourism.ba/eng/whattoseeanddo.wbsp?wbf_mjesto=;3;|url-status=dead}}

The Franciscan monastery of “St. Peter and Paul” in town is still very active as there is a sizable Catholic community in Tuzla. The church of St.Francis (sv. Franjo) which had been demolished after being hit by a landslide in 1987 is being rebuilt since 2011 and should open by 2019.{{cite web |title=When will the renovated Catholic Church in Tuzla open its Doors? |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/when-will-the-renovated-catholic-church-in-tuzla-open-its-doors/ |website=Sarajevo Times |date=9 December 2018}} Just outside the town, in the nearby village of Breska, is a 200-year-old Catholic church. Tuzla is also home to an old Jewish cemetery which recently underwent renovations, organized by the OPEN Organization of Tuzla and the Jewish Municipality of Tuzla.{{cite video|year=2010|title=Akcija uređenja jevrejskog groblja u Tuzli|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70ky894T0pk|medium=YouTube|language=bs|trans-title=Renovation of the Jewish Cemetery in Tuzla|publisher=Tuzlarije.net|access-date=19 August 2012}}

According to the 2013 census, most of the citizens living in Tuzla are Muslims, to be precise 75.4%, with Catholics accounting for 13.7%, while 3.3% of the population being Orthodox, 3.6% of people belong to other religions, and 3.9% of people are not religious.

Bosnian roots music came from Middle Bosnia, Posavina, the Drina valley and Kalesija. It is usually performed by singers with two violinists and a šargija player. These bands first appeared around World War I and became popular in the 1960s. This is the third oldest music following after the sevdalinka and ilahija. Self-taught people, mostly in two or three members of the different choices of old instruments, mostly in the violin, sacking, saz, drums, flutes ({{transliteration|sr|zurle}}) or wooden flute, as others have already called, the original performers of Bosnian music that can not be written notes, transmitted by ear from generation to generation, family is usually hereditary. It is thought to be brought from Persia-Kalesi tribe that settled in the area of present Sprecanski valleys and hence probably the name Kalesija. In this part of Bosnia it is the most common. Again, it became the leader of First World War onwards, as well as 60 years in the field Sprecanski doline. This kind of music was enjoyed by all three peoples in Bosnia, Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs, and it contributed a lot to reconcile people socializing, entertainment and other organizations through festivala. In Kalesija it's maintained each year with the Bosnian Festival Original music.

Studio Kemix firm Dzemal Dzihanovic from Živinice together with his artists brought this kind of music to perfection at the end 20th century. With its entirely new form of modernity, it is most common in the Tuzla Canton and the cradle of this music city Živinice was named Bosnian town of original music. Songs are performed preferably in a diphthong, the first and second voice which is a special secret performance of this music and some performers sing in troglasju as they do Kalesijski triple that was recorded in 1968, as the first written record of the tone on the album, along with Higurashi no naku.

{{wide image|TZstadium.png|890px|Panoramic view of the Tušanj City Stadium}}

Founded in 1927, the Workers Sports Society Sloboda{{Cite web|url=http://rsdsloboda.ba/rsd-sloboda/o-nama/|title = O nama – RSD Sloboda}} became the first sporting organization in Tuzla. It has 14 member clubs. The city is home to two football clubs, FK Sloboda and FK Tuzla City. Both teams play their home games at the Tušanj City Stadium.

OKK Sloboda basketball club and RK Sloboda handball club play their home games in the Mejdan Sports Arena which has a seating capacity of 4,900.

Jedinstvo Tuzla is the female counterpart to Sloboda. The women's basketball team Jedinstvo Aida won the FIBA Women's European Champions Cup, with the most famous sportswoman from Tuzla, Razija Mujanović. She was inducted to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017.[http://www.fiba.basketball/news/dream-team-shaq-and-kukoc-headline-2017-class-of-fiba-hall-of-fame-inductees Dream Team, Shaq and Kukoc headline 2017 Class of FIBA Hall of Fame Inductees.]

On 1 September 2007, 6,980 couples kissed for 10 seconds in Tuzla, erasing the previous Guinness World kissing Records of the Philippines and Hungary (for synchronised osculation in 2004 with 5,327 Filipino couples, overtaken by Hungary in 2005 with 5,875 couples; Filipinos came back in February 2010 with 6,124 couples but the Hungarians responded in June 2010 with 6,613 couples). The record now awaits official certification.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.smh.com.au/sit/archives/2007/09/record_breakers_ready_set_now.html |title=The Sydney Morning Herald Blogs: Stay in Touch |publisher=Blogs.smh.com.au |date=2007-09-04 |access-date=2013-11-24 |archive-date=1 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201060748/http://blogs.smh.com.au/sit/archives/2007/09/record_breakers_ready_set_now.html |url-status=dead }}

On 26 September 2008, Tuzla began offering free wireless internet access in the city center.[http://www.bit.ba/BITCenterTuzla/ENG/AboutUs/TWC/index.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312062000/http://www.bit.ba/BITCenterTuzla/ENG/AboutUs/TWC/index.htm|date=March 12, 2010}}

On 7 May 2010, Tuzla tried to break the World Record for the world's largest mass waltz dance. It is estimated that over 1,521 couples danced together on the main city square.{{Cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2010/05/10/bosnia-tuzla-may-have-world-record-for-waltz/|title=Bosnia: Tuzla May Have World Record for Waltz|date=2010-05-10|website=Balkan Insight|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-19}}

File:Tuzla International Airport.jpg]]

Tuzla has an international airport located at Dubrave (IATA code: TZL), and an effective and well-developed public bus network. There are plans to introduce a trolleybus network in the city soon.

The airport was opened and obtained ICAO certificate for civilian Air traffic in 2008. The airport had comprised a portion of "Eagle Base", an American military base that has been home to NATO troops serving in SFOR, Bosnia's stabilization force. Nowadays former Eagle Base become home of Bosnian Military Forces. In 2013. the airport became a base for Wizz Air. Tuzla International Airport nowadays has connection to 17+ European cities and expanding. More than 300000 passengers have been traveled via Tuzla International Airport in 2016.In 2017 Tuzla International Airport broke its own record for most passengers in one year with 535.596 passengers. While in 2018 that number again rose up to 584.471.[https://www.tuzla-airport.ba/en/statistika/]More about flights, statistics and other information can be found on [http://www.tuzla-airport.ba/en/ Tuzla International Airport official Website]

Tuzla has a railway station that has passenger services to Doboj,{{cite web|last=ZFBH|title=Bosnian Railway Timetables|url=http://www.zfbh.ba/zfbhenx/konekcija_en.php|access-date=27 October 2013|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101160413/http://www.zfbh.ba/zfbhenx/konekcija_en.php|url-status=dead}} from where trains run to Sarajevo, Zagreb, and Belgrade. The services to Brčko were discontinued in 2012.{{cite news|title=Voz na relaciji Tuzla – Brčko ukida se od 1. decembra|url=http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/drustvo/Voz-na-relaciji-Tuzla-Brcko-ukida-se-od-1-decembra-169550.html|access-date=27 October 2013|newspaper=Nezavisne Novine|date=30 November 2012}}

Tuzla is well connected with other major cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and even with some European cities via its bus connections. Bus and taxi traffic is very well organised in Tuzla and is affordable to its citizens. Bus stations were built in 1970 and completely renovated and modernized in 2017.More information can be found on official websites such as [http://www.transturist.ba/?g=transturist&s=turisticka_ponuda&m=66&n=AKTUELNO Tuzla Bus Station website] [http://grad.tuzla.ba/ Town of Tuzla official website] [https://tuzlacity.com/ Tuzla City Services]

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• Tuzla oil field{{cite web|url=http://www.energetika.net/eu/novice/articles/oil-research-and-exploitation-in-bih-depends-on-the-agreemen|title=Oil research and exploitation in BiH depends on the agreements between the two entities|date=2010|publisher=energetika.net|accessdate=2010-09-12}}

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Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, a hospital specializing in lung diseases, is located in the city.{{cite web |title=KLINIKA ZA PLUĆNE BOLESTI |url=https://www.ukctuzla.ba/ukctuzla/?page_id=479&lang=bs |website=UKC Tuzla |language=bs-BA |date=1 October 2024}}

File:Tuzla - Fakultet elektrotehnike (2019).jpg, University of Tuzla]]

Tuzla is home to the public University of Tuzla, with 16,500 students,[http://www.untz.ba/about/o_univerzitetu.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611083203/http://www.untz.ba/about/o_univerzitetu.htm|date=June 11, 2009}} and also private FINra University,{{Cite web |last=finconsult |date=2023-07-28 |title=SEDAM GODINA USPJEŠNOG RADA VISOKE ŠKOLE I POČETAK RADA UNIVERZITETA FINRA TUZLA |url=https://finconsult.ba/sedam-godina-uspjesnog-rada-visoke-skole-i-pocetak-rada-univerziteta-finra-tuzla/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=FINconsult d.o.o. |language=en-US}} IPI Academy and Empirica faculty.

• University of Tuzla

• Association Citizens Educational Center
• Behram-Begova Medresa Tuzla
• Secondary Music School in Tuzla
• Gimnazija Meša Selimović
• Građevinsko-Geodetska Škola Tuzla
• Katolički Školski Centar "Sv.Franjo" Tuzla
• Ekonomsko-Trgovinska Škola Tuzla
• Elektrotehnička Škola Tuzla
• Medicinska Škola Tuzla
• Mješovita Mašinska-Saobraćajna Škola Tuzla

• Alma Zadić, Austrian politician
• Amer Delić, professional tennis player
• Andrea Petković, German professional tennis player
• Andreja Pejić, Australian model
• Damir Mulaomerović, Croatian basketball player
• Denis Azabagić, guitarist
• Emir Hadžihafizbegović, actor
• Emir Vildić, musician
• Franjo Herljević
• Lepa Brena, singer
• Maya Sar, singer
• Meša Selimović, writer
• Milan Đurić, footballer
• Mirza Delibašić, basketball player, Olympic, World and European champion, FIBA Hall of Fame member
• Miralem Pjanić, footballer
• Miroslav Tadić, musician
• Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi, writer, poet
• Muhamed Hadžiefendić, commander of Hadžiefendić Legion
• Muhamed Konjić, retired football player
• Nesim Tahirović, painter
• Nefisa Berberović (born 3 July 1999) is a Bosnian tennis player.
• Jusuf Nurkić, basketball player for Phoenix Suns
• Sanja Maletić, singer
• Siniša Martinović, professional ice hockey player
• Svetlana Dašić-Kitić, retired handball player, Voted World Player of the Year 1988 by the International Handball Federation
• Zlatan Saračević, retired Olympic athlete, European Indoor Championships 1980 Sindelfingen gold winner – shot put.
• Sándor Tátrai, Hungarian football player and manager

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

Tuzla is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Međunarodna saradnja|url=http://grad.tuzla.ba/medunarodna-saradnja/|website=grad.tuzla.ba|date=19 November 2014 |publisher=Tuzla|language=bs|access-date=2020-12-29}}

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• {{flagicon|TUR}} Beşiktaş, Turkey{{cite web|title=Kardeş Belediyeler|url=http://besiktas.bel.tr/Sayfa/9994/kardes-belediyeler|website=besiktas.bel.tr|publisher=Beşiktaş|language=tr|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-date=2016-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819055202/http://besiktas.bel.tr/Sayfa/9994/kardes-belediyeler|url-status=dead}}
• {{flagicon|ITA}} Bologna, Italy
• {{flagicon|ESP}} L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
• {{flagicon|AUT}} Linz, Austria{{cite web |title=Tuzla (Bosnien-Herzegowina)|url=https://www.linz.at/politik/75388.php|website=linz.at|publisher=Linz|language=de|access-date=2020-12-29}}
• {{flagicon|CRO}} Osijek, Croatia
• {{flagicon|HUN}} Pécs, Hungary
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Saint-Denis, France
• {{flagicon|TUR}} Tuzla, Turkey

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• {{flagicon|SRB}} Novi Sad, Serbia

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File:TuzlaPark IV.jpg|Main park of Tuzla, located next to the Pannonian lakes.

File:Work Affair Building Tuzla 01TE.jpg|Work Affair and Residential building in the center square of Tuzla.

File:ISM 02 Tuzla.jpg|Business center, as well as the main Muslim Religious center.

File:TrgSlobode2IP.jpg|Trg Slobode

File:Tuzla Massacre memorial complex.jpg|WWII memorial

File:Panorama Mellain 05.jpg|Panoramic view of the Mellain Hotel building from the Pannonian Lakes.

File:King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Mosque, Tuzla.jpg|King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Mosque.

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Tuzla}}

{{Wikivoyage|Tuzla}}

{{EB1911 poster|Dolnja Tuzla}}

• {{Official website}} {{in lang|bs|en}}

{{Tuzla Canton}}

{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Tuzla

Category:Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina