:Wireless Power Consortium

• Qi standard, for smartphones and other portable mobile devices. Qi Baseline Power Profile (BPP) delivers up to 5W and Qi Extended Power Profile (EPP) delivers up to 15W. A future extension will deliver up to 60W to enable laptop charging. However, even using the current EPP standard, it typically takes 2.5–5 hours to charge a typical smartphone, with a typical 10 Watt-hour battery, which would imply that if the charge rate was 10 Watts, it would take only one hour. Therefore 2.5 hours charge time means the average charging rate was only 10/2.5 = 4 watts. So the 15W was delivered only momentarily, until the battery gets hot. This reduction in charging rate is attributed to the battery protection circuitry which due to the heat generated by the receiver coil pressed against the battery, reduces the acceptable power dramatically.{{cite web|url=https://liesandstartuppr.blogspot.com/2019/07/wired-and-qi-charge-rates-for-pixel-3.html|title=Lies, Damn Lies, and Startup PR: Wired and Qi Charge Rates for a Pixel 3|date=July 1, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/about/about-wpc|title=About the WPC|website=Wireless Power Consortium|access-date=2019-09-03}}
• Cordless Kitchen standard, for kitchen appliances, for wirelessly delivering up to 2,200W. Under development since 2013,{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/data/downloadables/1/1/0/5/201304-white-paper-cordless-kitchen-appliances.pdf |title=Cordless kitchen appliances |website=www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com |access-date=2019-10-13}} the Ki standard began launching certified products in 2025.{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/kitchen/ |title=Kitchen |website=www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com |format=PDF |access-date=2019-10-13}}
• Medium Power standard, a simple low-cost solution delivering 30-65W for power tools, robotic vacuum cleaners, e-bikes, and other battery-powered devices that do not require compatibility with the Qi standard for mobile phones charging. A future extension will deliver up to 200 W. However, the term medium power has so far meant only 15W (peak).{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-worlds-first-qi-certified-medium-power-transmitter-reference-design-300179774.html|title=The World's First Qi-Certified Medium Power Transmitter Reference Design|first=ROHM|last=Semiconductor|website=www.prnewswire.com}} This formed the basis of the v1.2, or the "15W", EPP standard announced as released, in February 2017.{{cite web|url=https://www.chargespot.com/news/qi-1-2-fast-charging/|title=Qi 1.2 - Fast Charging|first=Mark|last=Goh|date=June 25, 2015}} The sudden release announcement came just days after Apple joined the Wireless Power Consortium,{{cite web|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/3169367/apple-joins-wireless-power-consortium-charging-up-iphone-8-rumor.html|title=Apple joins Wireless Power Consortium, charging up iPhone 8 rumor|first=Peter|last=Sayer|date=February 13, 2017|website=Network World}} fueling rumors that the expected iPhone8 would feature Qi.
• Much earlier though, in 2014, WPC had announced it had incorporated a "resonant extension" to the Qi standard.{{cite web|url=https://technology.ihs.com/507914/wpc-qi-specification-receives-magnetic-resonance-extension|title=WPC Qi Specification Receives Magnetic Resonance Extension - IHS Technology|website=technology.ihs.com}} This announcement was repeated regularly subsequently, usually in conjunction with a University of Auckland spin-out called PowerbyProxi.{{cite web|url=https://mspoweruser.com/wireless-power-consortium-extend-qi-standard-to-add-resonance-charging/|title=Wireless Power Consortium extend Qi standard to add resonance charging|date=January 9, 2014|website=MSPoweruser}}{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/data/downloadables/1/4/8/2/the-resonant-extension-of-the-qi-specification-powerbyproxi-wpc-seminar-holland-mi-20150916.pdf |title=Resonant extension |website=www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com |access-date=2019-10-13}}{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/data/downloadables/1/3/6/9/powerbyproxi-advances-wireless-power-industry-with-resonant-qi-extension.pdf |title=Power by proxy |website=www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com |access-date=2019-10-13}}{{cite web|url=https://techxplore.com/news/2014-08-qi-wireless-standard-freedom.html|title=Qi wireless charging standard offers more design freedom|website=techxplore.com}} "Resonant extension," supporting multiple phones on one transmitter over (z-separation) distances up to 45mm, was meant to be "v1.2" for several years, and it was thus implied it was almost fully ready, in repeated announcements by the Wireless Power Consortium over the years.{{cite web|url=https://androidcommunity.com/qi-spec-to-include-resonance-for-long-distance-charging-20140801/|title=Qi spec to include resonance for long distance charging|first=Juan Carlos|last=Torres|date=August 1, 2014|website=Android Community}} In Feb 2015, the Chairman of WPC, Menno Treffers, clearly implied that the resonant extension was fully ready and the customers now had a choice: "These extensions provide WPC members and their customers with a seamless combination of inductive and resonant technologies...Customers can choose between inductive and resonant Qi chargers and be sure that the chargers work seamlessly with all Qi devices".{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wireless-power-consortium-achieves-key-technology-milestones-for-fast-charging-and-resonant-multi-device-charging-with-spatial-freedom-300035054.html|title=Wireless Power Consortium Achieves Key Technology Milestones for Fast Charging and Resonant Multi-Device Charging with Spatial Freedom|first=Wireless Power|last=Consortium|website=www.prnewswire.com}} In September 2015, the CEO of PowerbyProxi, Fady Mishriki, also announced in the form of a technical article in Planet Analog magazine, that the draft version of this "resonant extension" was almost fully complete. The article was titled "What's the Big Deal about Resonant?", and it stated that there was full backward compatibility, for both by the new receivers and transmitters, to the existing Qi standard.{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1905/S00791/technology-business-innovator-fady-mishriki-to-be-celebrated.htm|title=Technology business innovator Fady Mishriki to be celebrated | Scoop News|website=www.scoop.co.nz}}{{cite web|url=https://www.planetanalog.com/whats-the-big-deal-about-resonant/|title=Planet Analog - What's the big deal about Resonant? -|date=September 15, 2015}} The new version, they announced, would support easy placement of multiple receivers, including previous Qi-certified BPP and EPP devices, on the same "intelligent" transmitter surface, delivering several-fold higher power, over far greater vertical distances (z-separations). This clearly resonated with Apple, who purchased PowerbyProxi in October 2017 at an estimated price exceeding $100 million.{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11950591|title=Apple paid $100 million-plus for kiwi tech company PowerbyProxi|first=Sophie|last=Boot|date=November 30, 2017|via=www.nzherald.co.nz}} That was meant to be the "resonant extension" to Qi, talked about since 2014, and to have been the now-canceled AirPower. AirPower is widely considered an "unprecedented embarrassment" for Apple.{{cite web|url=https://mashable.com/article/apple-airpower-canceled-fail-embarrassment/|title=Apple's AirPower fail is an unprecedented embarrassment|first=Karissa|last=Bell|website=Mashable|date=29 March 2019 }}

File:Qi wireless power interface specification - basic system overview.png interface standard and the example of the standard in use by a charging pad and the compatible device.]]

The Wireless Power Consortium was established on 17 December 2008. It officially published the Qi interface standard and the low-power specification in August 2010. In October, Nokia joined the WPC.{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/10/02/nokia-plugs-itself-into-the-wireless-power-consortium/|title=Nokia plugs itself into the Wireless Power Consortium|last=Melanson|first=Donald|date=2 October 2009|work=Engadget|access-date=18 November 2016|via=AOL}} Huawei and Visteon became members of the WPC in November 2011.{{Cite news|url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/wpc-membership-grows-to-100-as-huawei-and-visteon-join--837912|title=WPC membership grows to 100 as Huawei and Visteon join|date=9 November 2011|work=Telecompaper|access-date=18 November 2016|via=Telecom.paper B.V.}} In May 2011, the consortium announced the low-power specification in May 2011 at the Auto Shanghai auto show and began to extend Qi to medium-power specifications.{{cite web|url=http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/news/announcements/medium-power.html|title=Medium power extension}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.science20.com/newswire/qi_low_power_wireless_charging_debuts_shanghai_auto_show-79533|title=Qi Low Power Wireless Charging Debuts At Shanghai Auto Show|last=Ohlden|first=Anna|date=31 May 2011|work=Science20|access-date=18 November 2016|via=ION Publications}}

The consortium announced through a press release that Qi would soon be developed for tablets, computers and automobile in January 2012.{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethwoyke/2012/01/05/ces-preview-qi-wireless-charging-coming-to-tablets-laptops-cars/#37db7e20f2ce|title=CES Preview: Qi Wireless Charging Coming To Tablets, Laptops, Cars|last=Wyoke|first=Elizabeth|date=5 January 2012|work=Forbes|access-date=18 November 2016}} Qi's specifications were again updated in April, with the distance upped to 40mm.{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/wpc-updates-qi-standard-increasing-inductive-charging-distance/|title=WPC updates Qi standard, increases inductive charging distance to 40mm|last=Pollicino|first=Joe|date=20 April 2012|work=Engadget|access-date=18 November 2016|via=AOL}} In May 2014, the WPC announced that over 500 phones had Qi built-in.{{Cite news|url=http://www.qiwireless.com/wpc-announces-500-qi-enabled-devices-milestone/|title=WPC Announces their 500 Qi-Enabled Devices Milestone - Qi Wireless Charging|last=Corda|first=Victor|date=6 May 2014|work=Qi Wireless Charging|language=en-US|access-date=18 November 2016}} As of October 2016, the WPC, along with the AirFuel Alliance, is compliant with the use of the LinkCharge CT standard in commercial enterprises and businesses to use as a charging hotspot.{{Cite news|url=http://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/wireless-charging-starbucks-near-sometime-soon-2016-10/|title=Wireless charging in a Starbucks near you sometime soon|last=Wilson|first=Richard|date=28 October 2016|work=ElectronicsWeekly.com|access-date=18 November 2016}}

The underlying patent behind the Qi standard is US6436299B1. On Page 16 the said patent mandates that both the receiver and transmitter be tuned to 100 kHz, for best results and maximum power transfer. This has been the underlying principle behind the Qi standard to date, and all proposed receivers needed to comply with that to receive approval by WPC. WPC implicitly assumes that the final result of this "double resonator" approach was a single resonant peak for the entire coupled system, also fixed at 100 kHz, irrespective of load or coupling.{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fulton-Innovations-eCoupled-Wireless-inductive-coupling-charger-14_fig2_310802355 |title=Fulton Innovations' eCoupled Wireless inductive coupling charger [14] | Download Scientific Diagram |access-date=2019-10-13}} The entire control algorithm of Qi is based around this basic assumption. But that assumption was first contested by well-known author Sanjaya Maniktala in a seminar in 2014, and shortly thereafter by Stephen Terry from Texas Instruments in 2015. Stephen Terry's presentation clearly states that the resonant frequency will shift to 140 kHz typically, at high loads, not remain fixed at 100 kHz as had been assumed by WPC. Stephen Terry's presentation disappeared from the WPC website from where it was originally downloaded.{{cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/SanjayaManiktala/aug-28-2014-tech-talk-at-idt|title=Aug 28, 2014 Tech Talk at IDT|date=July 19, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/SanjayaManiktala/mpwg-resonance-loadshift|title=Mpwg resonance load_shift|date=July 22, 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Sanjaya-Maniktala/e/B001IO9TWW%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share|title=Sanjaya Maniktala|website=www.amazon.com}}{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chargedge-reboots-wireless-power-transfer-300897002.html|title=ChargEdge Reboots Wireless Power Transfer|first=ChargEdge|last=Inc|website=www.prnewswire.com}} The problem with the resonant peak splitting and shifting as coupling increases, hitherto unknown or unrecognized by the Wireless Power Consortium, is also pointed out on the Wikipedia page of Wireless power transfer with multiple citations: "A drawback of resonant coupling theory is that at close ranges when the two resonant circuits are tightly coupled, the resonant frequency of the system is no longer constant but "splits" into two resonant peaks, so the maximum power transfer no longer occurs at the original resonant frequency and the oscillator frequency must be tuned to the new resonance peak." This has reportedly contributed to the reported "alignment concerns" of Qi,{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/11/wireless-charging-airfuel-resence-qi-wpc/|title=Everything Standing Between Your Phone and Wireless Charging|first=Brian|last=Barrett|magazine=Wired |date=November 12, 2015|via=www.wired.com}} and propelled the creation of a smart resonant peak tracking software by a California-based company called ChargEdge.{{cite web|url=https://www.embedded-computing.com/news/chargedge-addresses-wireless-power-transfer|title=ChargEdge Addresses Wireless Power Transfer|website=www.embedded-computing.com}}

As of 2025, the WPC had over 300 companies as its members with 9 of those companies represented in its board of directors. {{cite web |title=Wireless Power Consortium - Member list |url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/about-us/leadership/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Wireless Power Consortium |language=en}}

{{columns-list |colwidth=15em|

• Apple
• BH EVS
• ConvenientPower
• Google
• Huawei Technologies
• Koninklijke Philips N.V.
• nok9
• NuVolta Technologies
• Samsung

}}

Membership towards the Wireless Power Consortium is open towards any entity, with two different types of membership with different fees and benefits. All types of membership add members to the organization's directory, have available OEM, ODM and engineering/testing services, are available to exclusive stock supplies, are allowed free usage of the Qi and Ki logo and trademark, and may list certified products in WPC's Certified Product Database. Regular members can serve on and lead specification work groups for the ecosystems they belong to, have access to specification working drafts, have voting rights, can participate in plugfests and participate in WPC global quarterly meetings.{{cite web|url=https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/membership/|title=Membership|publisher=Wireless Power Consortium|access-date=18 November 2016}} The fees and membership types are stated below:

• Open Dots Alliance
• WiPower
• Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP)
• Power Matters Alliance (PMA)

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com Official website]

Category:Organizations based in New Jersey

Category:Organizations established in 2008

Category:2008 establishments in New Jersey