:Zikhron Ya'akov

File:1890s winemaking barrel shop in Zikhron Yaakov.jpg

Zikhron Ya'akov was founded in December 1882 when 100 Jewish pioneers from Romania, members of the Hibbat Zion movement, purchased two plots of land 5 km apart: 6000 dunam in Zammarin and 500 dunam in Tantura.{{Cite journal|last=Marom|first=Roy|title=The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: An Oral History of a Palestinian Village Depopulated in the Late Ottoman Period|url=https://www.academia.edu/49228200|journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|language=en|pages=2}} The land was acquired for 46000 francs from Frances Germain, a French citizen, probably of Christian Arab origin.{{cite web |url=http://www.gemsinisrael.com/e_article000004384.htm |title=Gems in Israel-Zichron Ya'acov |access-date=2008-01-26 |work=Gems in Israel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827184052/http://www.gemsinisrael.com/e_article000004384.htm |archive-date=2008-08-27 }} Deeming the name of the place to derive from "Samaria", for a number of years the place was called Shomron in the Hebrew and Yiddish press.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxALAQAAIAAJ&q=shomron|title = Israel Government Year Book|last1 = Merkaz Ha-Hasbarah|first1 = Israel|year = 1963}}{{cite book|isbn=1870015193|year=1988|title=Jewish History: Essays in Honour of Chimen Abramsky|publisher=Peter Halban|location=London|chapter=The Establishment of the Jewish Settlement in Eretz Israel and the Gaster Papers|author1=Ran Aaronsohn|author2=Yehoshua Ben Arieh|pages=585–592}} The families came from Moinești in Moldavia and a central merit in organising the move belongs to Moses Gaster, scholar and early Zionist.{{wbr}}

{{ cite web

|url=http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/filologie/hebra/2-4.htm

|title=Măriuca Stanciu - A promotor of the Haskala in Romania – Moses Gaster

|work=Studia Hebraica I, University of Bucharest, 2003

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110111953/http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/filologie/hebra/2-4.htm

|archive-date=2018-01-10 }}

The difficulty of working the rocky soil and an outbreak of malaria led many of the people to leave before the year was up.

In 1883, Baron Edmond James de Rothschild became the patron of the Moshava and drew up plans for its residential layout and agricultural economy. Zikhron was one of the first Jewish agricultural towns to come under the wing of the Baron (along with Rishon LeZion and Rosh Pinna), who renamed it in memory of his father, James (Ya'akov) Mayer de Rothschild.

To accomplish his first objective, Baron de Rothschild brought in planners who designed and allotted housing lots along the main road for the use of Moshava farmers. Each lot included a house facing the street, a long interior courtyard and a rear building for storing agricultural implements. The French-inspired architecture included tiled roofs and painted wooden windows. Each farmer was given a salary and placed under the direction of Elijah Shaid, the Baron's clerk. The Baron also commissioned the construction of the Ohel Ya'akov Synagogue, named after his father, to serve the town.[http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/11586/zichron-ya-akov-offers-breathtaking-views-history-lesson/Zichron Ya'akov offers breathtaking views, history lesson] Sparing no expense to build the edifice, the synagogue features a majestic ark made of white marble. The synagogue opened in 1886 and has conducted daily prayer services continuously to this day.[https://www.timeout.com/israel/attractions/ohel-yaakov-synagogue Ohel Yaakov Synagogue]

Following a number of economic failures, in 1885 Rothschild helped to establish the first winery in Israel, Carmel Winery, together with a bottling factory, in Zikhron Ya'akov. This was more successful economically although it was initially short-lived as in 1892 the grapevines succumbed to phylloxera, a type of parasite. After a brief set-back, American seedlings which were resistant to phylloxera were grown and the winery began to flourish. Today, the winery remains in action, as do the huge wine cellars that were carved into the mountain over a century ago.

File:כנוס המורים בזכרון יעקב שבו השתתפה ברכה קוצרסקי נימן.JPGi Congress, 1903]]

In 1894, Jewish and Arab workers earned a wage of six piastres working in the plantations, but Jewish workers also received a supplement of four piastres from a charity fund.Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press When Rothschild withdrew his financial support from plantations in Palestine in 1900, the subsidy was discontinued. Jewish workers were quickly replaced by Arab ones, used to being paid the lower wage.

In August 1903, the First Eretz Yisraeli Congress was assembled by Menachem Ussishkin in Zikhron Ya'akov. Complementing the World Zionist Congress, it was originally intended as an annual gathering of the leaders of the Yishuv; but it didn't get traction, so the First Congress was also the last one. The effort to coordinate the development of the Yishuv did however bear fruit in establishing the trade union of teachers, which joined Histadrut in 1950 and stays active to this day.

File:Zoltan Kluger. Sichron Jacob.jpg

Between 1907 and 1919, Hillel Yaffe's hospital, the only Jewish hospital north of Jaffa, was located in Zichron Ya'akov; according to Hillel Yaffe's wishes, he was buried in Zikhron Ya'akov in 1936.

In 1910 David Ben-Gurion worked as a farm labourer in Zichron Ya'akov for several months. At that time he found several Arab families living in the yards of almost every farmer.Segev, Tom (2018 - 2019 translation Haim Watzman) A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion. Apollo. {{ISBN|9-781789-544633}}. p.78

In 1954, the remains of Baron Edmond de Rothschild were reinterred in Zikhron Ya'akov.[https://family.rothschildarchive.org/people/50-edmond-james-de-rothschild-1845-1934 Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934)]

Zikhron Ya'akov came to fame during World War I for the establishment of the Nili spy ring by Sarah Aaronsohn, together with her brothers, Aaron (a noted botanist) and Alex, and their friend Avshalom Feinberg. The group volunteered to spy on Ottoman positions and report them to British agents offshore. In September 1917, the Ottomans caught one of Sarah's carrier pigeons and cracked the Nili code. In October, they surrounded Zikhron Ya'akov and arrested Sarah and several others. After four days of torture, they planned on transporting Sarah elsewhere, she requested to be taken home to change her clothes. Once home she shot herself with a pistol hidden in her bathroom and died after several days. Sarah shot herself in the throat, leaving her unable to speak, in order to avoid releasing classified information. Sarah is buried in the Zikhron Ya'akov cemetery. The Aaronsohn House–Nili Museum recreates the history of this period.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

File:Zikhron Yaakov.jpg

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Zikhron-Yaakov had a population of 1,302 inhabitants; 1,013 Jews, 7 Christians and 282 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n36/mode/1up 34] where the Christians were 2 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, 1 Anglican and 1 Protestant.Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n51/mode/1up 49]

The population increased dramatically in the early 1950s, after the establishment of the State of Israel. Between the 1960s and 1990s, the population remained constant with about 5,000 inhabitants. As of 2025, Zikhron Yaakov had a population of 23,875.{{cite web|title=Statistics by Town|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/mediniyut/situation/statistics/btlstatistics.aspx?type=1&id=9300|publisher=The National Insurance Institute}} Many residents continue to engage in agriculture, although upscale private homes have been built by families attracted to the scenic landscape. Zikhron Ya'akov has a high number of English speaking residents, olim and others.

While the majority of citizens of the town would define themselves as secular, there is a sizable religious Jewish community in the town, including Haredi members of the Ohr Yaakov Yeshiva and members of a Chabad-Lubavitch community. In addition there are several religious zionist synagogues. It is unique in that there are Progressive/Reform and Conservative Jewish communities and synagogues in Zikhron Ya'akov. The former, "Kehillat Sulam Yaakov" (in Hebrew "Jacob's Ladder Community") is a synagogue that practices Progressive Judaism and is a part of the Israeli Movement for Progressive Judaism.

In addition, "VeAhavta" is a Conservative Jewish community and synagogue in Zikhron Ya'akov. It emphasizes an inclusive and egalitarian approach to Jewish practice, blending tradition with modern values. The community offers various religious and educational activities, including spiritual services, life-cycle events, and cultural programs.

File:94774 zichron yaamp39akov at sunset PikiWiki Israel.jpg

The original Carmel-Mizrahi Winery continues to make wine in Zikhron Ya'akov. The town draws many tourists attracted to its picturesque setting and historic city center whose restored main street of landmark buildings, called Derekh HaYayin ("Path of the Wine"), houses coffeehouses and boutique shops selling locally-made crafts, jewellery, and antiques, especially on the town's famous "Midrachov" (Rechov haMeyasdim — Founders Street). It was announced in early 2008 that a {{convert|150|acre|km2|adj=on}} wine park would be created on the slope between Zikhron and neighboring town Binyamina.{{cite web |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/DocView.asp?did=1000299213&fid=1725 |title=Israel seeks to become wine tourism destination |publisher=Globes |access-date=2008-01-17 |date=2008-01-17}}

File:Zeriztky Gazith, 1940.jpg]]

• Aaron Aaronsohn (1876–1919), agronomist, botanist, and political activist
• Sarah Aaronsohn (1890–1917), member of Nili
• Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949), philosopher
• Rivka Carmi (born 1948), pediatrician, geneticist, and President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
• Tony Cliff (1917–2000), Trotskyist activist
• Reuven Gal (born 1942), social and clinical psychologist, social activist, and entrepreneur
• Moshe Ivgy (born 1953), actor and director
• Chaim Dov Kantor (1865–1944), rabbi
• Peretz Lavie (born 1949), expert on sleep disorders
• Motti Lerner (born 1949), playwright and screenwriter
• Shlomo Maital (born 1942), scientist
• Avi Mizrahi (born 1957), general
• Yair Naveh (born 1957), major general
• David Remez (1886–1951), politician, Minister of Transportation, and signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence
• Ran Sagiv (born 1997), Olympic triathlete
• Shachar Sagiv (born 1994), Olympic triathlete
• Shemi Sagiv (born 1959), Olympic marathoner
• Ofir Shaham (born 2004), Israeli team world champion rhythmic gymnast
• Dan Shilon (born 1940), television host, director, and producer
• Joseph Zaritsky (1891–1985), painter

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}}

Zikhron Ya'akov is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|FRA}} Charenton-le-Pont, France
• {{flagicon|USA}} South Palm Beach, United States

• Israeli wine

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}

{{refend}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.zy1882.co.il Official website]
• [http://www.touristisrael.com/zichron-yaakov/431/ Tourist Israel: Zichron Yaakov]

{{Haifa District}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Jewish villages in the Ottoman Empire

Category:Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine

Category:Local councils in Haifa District

Category:Romanian-Jewish culture in Israel

Category:Populated places established in 1882

Category:1882 establishments in the Ottoman Empire

Category:Mount Carmel

Category:Edmond James de Rothschild