:en:Anomalocarididae

{{Short description|Clade of extinct arthropods}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| taxon = Anomalocarididae

| image = 20191203 Anomalocaris canadensis.png

| image_caption = Anomalocaris canadensis

| image2 = 20210513 Radiodonta frontal appendage Lenisicaris lupata.png

| image2_caption = Lenisicaris lupata

| authority = Raymond, 1935

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = * {{extinct}} Anomalocaris

• {{extinct}} Lenisicaris
• {{extinct}} Shucaris?

}}

AnomalocarididaeRAYMOND, P. E. 1935. Leanchoilia and other mid-Cambrian Arthropoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 76: 205–230. (occasionally mis-spelt Anomalocaridae{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=YuanYuan|last2=Huang|first2=DiYing|last3=Hu|first3=ShiXue|date=2013-11-01|title=New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan|journal=Chinese Science Bulletin|language=en|volume=58|issue=32|pages=3937–3942|doi=10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x|issn=1861-9541|doi-access=free}}) is an extinct family of Cambrian radiodonts, a group of stem-group arthropods.{{Cite journal|last1=Vinther|first1=Jakob|last2=Stein|first2=Martin|last3=Longrich|first3=Nicholas R.|last4=Harper|first4=David A. T.|date=2014|title=A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13010|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=507|issue=7493|pages=496–499|doi=10.1038/nature13010|pmid=24670770 |s2cid=205237459 |issn=1476-4687|hdl=1983/88f89453-e81f-4767-a74d-1794c33e6b34|hdl-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Yu|last2=Ma|first2=Jiaxin|last3=Lin|first3=Weiliang|last4=Sun|first4=Ao|last5=Zhang|first5=Xingliang|last6=Fu|first6=Dongjing|date=2021-05-01|title=New anomalocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta) from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018221001188|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=569|pages=110333|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110333|s2cid=233565727 |issn=0031-0182}}

Around 1990s and early 2010s, Anomalocarididae included all radiodont species, hence the previous equivalent of the common name "anomalocaridid" to the whole Radiodonta.{{Cite journal|last=Edgecombe|first=Gregory D.|date=2010-03-01|title=Arthropod phylogeny: An overview from the perspectives of morphology, molecular data and the fossil record|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803909000541|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development|series=Fossil Record and Phylogeny of the Arthropoda|language=en|volume=39|issue=2|pages=74–87|doi=10.1016/j.asd.2009.10.002|pmid=19854297 |issn=1467-8039}} This is no longer the case after the revision done by Vinther et al. 2014, as Anomalocarididae restricted to only Anomalocaris and, if any, a few of closely related genera since then. Wu et al. 2021 accepted only Anomalocaris (excluding "A." saron, "A." kunmingensis and "A." briggsi) and Lenisicaris as the member of Anomalocarididae, while Paranomalocaris is questionably included by some studies as well.{{Cite journal|last1=Van Roy|first1=Peter|last2=Daley|first2=Allison C.|last3=Briggs|first3=Derek E. G.|date=2015|title=Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14256|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=522|issue=7554|pages=77–80|doi=10.1038/nature14256|pmid=25762145 |s2cid=205242881 |issn=1476-4687}}{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Jianni|last2=Lerosey-Aubril|first2=Rudy|last3=Steiner|first3=Michael|last4=Dunlop|first4=Jason A|last5=Shu|first5=Degan|last6=Paterson|first6=John R|date=2018-11-01|title=Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan|journal=National Science Review|volume=5|issue=6|pages=863–869|doi=10.1093/nsr/nwy057|issn=2095-5138|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Jiao|first1=De-guang|last2=Pates|first2=Stephen|last3=Lerosey-Aubril|first3=Rudy|last4=Ortega-Hernandez|first4=Javier|last5=Yang|first5=Jie|last6=Lan|first6=Tian|last7=Zhang|first7=Xi-guang|date=2021|title=The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|language=en|volume=66|doi=10.4202/app.00870.2020|issn=0567-7920|doi-access=free}} Since then, other species labeled under the Anomalocaris genus, like A. saron have been reassigned to their own genus (like in the case of A. saron being redescribed as Innovatiocaris).{{Cite journal |last1=Zeng |first1=Han |last2=Zhao |first2=Fangchen |last3=Zhu |first3=Maoyan |date=2022-09-07 |title=Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta |url=https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-164 |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=180 |doi=10.1144/jgs2021-164 |issn=0016-7649 |s2cid=252147346}}

Anomalocarididae distinguished from the similar family Amplectobeluidae (e.g. Amplectobelua, Lyrarapax) by the presence of triradial oral cone{{Cite journal|last1=Daley|first1=Allison C.|last2=Bergström|first2=Jan|date=2012-06-01|title=The oral cone of Anomalocaris is not a classic peytoia|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0910-8|journal=Naturwissenschaften|language=en|volume=99|issue=6|pages=501–504|doi=10.1007/s00114-012-0910-8|pmid=22476406 |s2cid=2042726 |issn=1432-1904}} and non-hypertrophied first distal endite. Compared to Hurdiidae and Tamisiocarididae, this two radiodont families shared a lot of characters (i.e. alternated endite length;{{Cite journal|last1=Moysiuk|first1=Joseph|last2=Caron|first2=Jean-Bernard|date=2021|title=Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont|journal=Paleobiology|volume=47 |issue=4 |language=en|pages=704–724|doi=10.1017/pab.2021.19|s2cid=236552819 |issn=0094-8373|doi-access=free}} streamlined body;{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Jun-yuan|last2=Ramsköld|first2=Lars|last3=Zhou|first3=Gui-qing|date=1994-05-27|title=Evidence for Monophyly and Arthropod Affinity of Cambrian Giant Predators|url=https://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.264.5163.1304|journal=Science|volume=264|issue=5163|pages=1304–1308|doi=10.1126/science.264.5163.1304|pmid=17780848 |s2cid=1913482 }} small head with ovoid sclerites;{{Cite journal|last1=Daley|first1=Allison C.|last2=Edgecombe|first2=Gregory D.|date=2014|title=Morphology of Anomalocaris canadensis from the Burgess Shale|url=https://www.academia.edu/6947803|journal=Journal of Paleontology|language=en|volume=88|issue=1|pages=68–91|doi=10.1666/13-067|s2cid=86683798 |issn=0022-3360}}{{Cite journal|last1=Moysiuk|first1=J.|last2=Caron|first2=J.-B.|date=2019-08-14|title=A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=286|issue=1908|pages=20191079|doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.1079|pmc=6710600|pmid=31362637}} well-developed swimming flaps;{{Cite journal|last1=Cong|first1=Peiyun|last2=Daley|first2=Allison C.|last3=Edgecombe|first3=Gregory D.|last4=Hou|first4=Xianguang|date=2017-08-30|title=The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=17|issue=1|pages=208|doi=10.1186/s12862-017-1049-1|issn=1471-2148|pmc=5577670|pmid=28854872 |doi-access=free }} caudal furcae; raptorial predatory lifestyle{{Cite journal|last1=Lerosey-Aubril|first1=Rudy|last2=Pates|first2=Stephen|date=2018-09-14|title=New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=3774|doi=10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7|issn=2041-1723|pmc=6138677|pmid=30218075}}) and forming a clade in multiple phylogenetic analysis.