ĝ

{{short description|Latin letter G with circumflex, used in Esperanto}}

{{Infobox grapheme|letter=Ĝ ĝ|name=G with circumflex|image=File:Latin letter G with cicrcumflex.svg|imageclass=skin-invert-image|phonemes={{grid list

|{{IPAblink|dʒ}}

|{{IPAblink|dʐ}}

|{{IPAblink|ɖʐ}}

|{{IPAblink|g}}

|{{IPAblink|ŋ}}

|{{IPAblink|ʁ}}

|{{IPAblink|gː}}

}}|fam1=File:Camelus bactrianus-sil.svg (speculated origin)|fam2=T14|fam4=File:phoenician gimel.svg|fam3=File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg|fam5=File:Greek Gamma 03.svg|fam6=File:Early Etruscan C.svg|fam7=Γ γ|fam8=𐌂|fam9=C c|fam10=G g|language=Esperanto, Aleut language, Khinalug language, Toba Qom language|script=Latin|direction=Left to right|unicode=U+011C, U+011D|type=alphabet|typedesc=ic|equivalents=Г̑ г̑, Ӷ ӷ, Гг гг|variations=Gx gx, Gh gh}}

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate {{IPA|/dʒ/}} or a voiced retroflex affricate {{IPA|/dʐ/}} or a voiced circumflex type pharynvelar consonant.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.{{cite web|url= https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+011C|title=Unicode Character “Ĝ” (U+011C)|work=Compart |publisher=Compart AG | place= Oak Brook, IL|date=2021 |accessdate=2024-02-17}}

Uses of ''Ĝ'' in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative {{IPAslink|ʕ}}.

In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative {{IPAslink|ʁ}}. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.

In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, because g is pronounced as a fricative {{IPAslink|ɣ}} in Dutch.

In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal {{IPAslink|ŋ}}.

id:Sirkumfleks#Ĝĝ