.рф

The Cyrillic letters {{Langx|ru|ру|label=none|italic=no}} {{Langx|ru|Российская Федерация|Rossijskaja Federacija / Rossiyskaya Federatsiya|label=stand for|italic=no}}, or the Russian Federation.

The domain has an ASCII representation of xn--p1ai derived as Punycode for use in the Domain Name System.

The domain is intended for Internet resources with names in the Russian language using Cyrillic.{{cite web|url=https://top.rbc.ru/society/25/12/2007/131437.shtml|title=появится в Сети в 2008 году|trans-title=Cyrillic domain ".рф" will be introduced in 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309031938/http://top.rbc.ru/society/25/12/2007/131437.shtml |archive-date=9 March 2009|publisher=RBC Informations Systems|language=ru|access-date=2008-09-24|date=2007-12-25}}

A principle in the approval process of ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) states that Cyrillic two-character top-level domains should not exclusively use characters that could be confused with Latin characters of identical or similar shapes—not just those containing the seven letters {{Langx|ru|а|label=none|italic=yes}}, {{Langx|ru|е|label=none|italic=yes}}, {{Langx|ru|о|label=none|italic=yes}}, {{Langx|ru|р|label=none|italic=yes}}, {{Langx|ru|с|label=none|italic=yes}}, {{Langx|ru|у|label=none|italic=yes}} and {{Langx|ru|х|label=none|italic=yes}}, but originally also proposed ccTLDs such as {{Langx|bg|.бг|label=none}} (Bulgaria) due to its visual similarity to .br,{{cite web|url=http://idn.wat.ch/wiki/index.php?title=IDN_ccTLD_Discussion#General|title=Remarks General remarks on Cyrillic IDNs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417063308/http://idn.wat.ch/wiki/index.php?title=IDN_ccTLD_Discussion#General_Remarks |archive-date=17 April 2008|publisher=ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization wiki}} although in 2016 the top-level domain {{Langx|bg|.бг|label=none}} was launched. As such, GNSO sought to avoid the direct transcription of "ru" into Cyrillic, "{{Langx|ru|ру|label=none|italic=no}}",{{Cite news|title=Kremlin eyes internet control...|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/jan/03/internet.censorship|date=3 January 2008|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Gavin|last=Knight|access-date=8 May 2010|location=London|at=Technology Guardian section, p. 6|quote=The problem for Russia is that its top-level domain - with the ASCII suffix .ru - translates into Cyrillic as .py, the domain name of Paraguay. That could pose security problems for Russian users.|archive-date=1 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901103308/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/jan/03/internet.censorship|url-status=live}} and common abbreviations for Russia ({{langx|ru|Россия}}), such as "{{Langx|ru|ро|label=none|italic=no}}", in order to avoid confusion with the Latin ccTLDs .py (Paraguay) and .po ({{As of|2010|alt=currently}} unassigned). In English sources {{Langx|ru|.рф|label=none|italic=no}} can be romanized as .rf, but the latter is not a valid domain for Russia. Later, other countries have won approval of two or three letter Cyrillic ccTLDs such as {{Langx|uk|.укр|label=none|italic=no}}, {{Langx|sr|.срб|label=none|italic=no}}, {{Langx|mn|.мон|label=none|italic=no}}, {{Langx|kk|.қаз|label=none|italic=no}}, {{Langx|ru|.бел|label=none|italic=no}}, {{Langx|mk|.мкд|label=none|italic=no}} and {{Langx|bg|.бг|label=none}}.

The preparation, development, and technical testing of the domain started in 2007 by registrar RU Center.{{in lang|ru}} {{cite web|url=http://www.cctld.ru/ru/news/index.php?id20=114|title=Пресс-конференция «Итоги развития российского национального домена RU в 2007 году»|trans-title=Press conference: The outcome of the development of the Russian national domain RU in 2007|publisher=ccTLD|date=24 December 2007|access-date=8 January 2008|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231024602/http://www.cctld.ru/ru/news/index.php?id20=114}} The domain delegation process started in November 2009 as an application to ICANN under the new Fast Track IDN ccTLD process. The domain is expected to be launched in 2010. In preparation for a launch, RU Center opened a sunrise registration period for Russian trademark owners from 25 November 2009 to 25 March 2010.{{cite web |url=http://nic.ru/news/en/2009/start_prior_rf.html |title=РФ Domains Sunrise Registration Launched |publisher=Nic.ru |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074019/http://nic.ru/news/en/2009/start_prior_rf.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }} General public registrations are planned starting 20 April 2010 through June 2010 using a Dutch auction process, and at a fixed price beginning in July 2010.

In January 2010 ICANN announced that the domain was one of the first four new non-Latin ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.{{cite web|url=http://icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-21jan10-en.htm |title=First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation |date=21 January 2010 |publisher=ICANN |access-date=25 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124073406/http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-21jan10-en.htm |archive-date=24 January 2010 |url-status=live}}

In a press release in December 2007, Alexei Lesnikov of RU-Center suggested that an auction for domain names could be highly successful, as was the case with a similar domain name auction on the .su ccTLD.

With comparisons being made with an equivalent Chinese TLD of {{Langx|zh|.中国|label=none|italic=no}}, it was anticipated that take-up of a Russian Cyrillic TLD could outstrip demand for the Latin alphabet equivalent, .ru. {{As of|2014}} however, .ru has five times as many registrations as {{Langx|ru|.рф|label=none|italic=no}}.

The top-level domain became operational on the Internet on 13 May 2010.

The first two accessible sites were {{Langx|ru|президент.рф|label=none|italic=no}} (president) and {{Langx|ru|правительство.рф|label=none|italic=no}} (government).{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/society/13/05/2010/406179.shtml|title=Этой ночью в Интернете запущен первый кириллический домен ".рф"|trans-title=The first Cyrillic ".рф" domain is launched on the Internet this night|date=2010-05-13|access-date=2010-05-13|language=ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620004117/http://top.rbc.ru/society/13/05/2010/406179.shtml |archive-date=20 June 2013 }}

The traditional country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia, based on the ISO country codes, is .ru. There is no direct mapping of subdomains between {{Langx|ru|рф|label=none|italic=no}} and {{mono|ru}}, they are independent domains hosting potentially different resources. However, many resources may use URL redirection or DNS pointers to provide mapping between the name spaces. For example, the URLs {{Langx|ru|президент.рф|label=none|italic=no}} (prezident) redirects to kremlin.ru, and {{Langx|ru|яндекс.рф|label=none|italic=no}} (Yandex) redirects to yandex.ru.

The second-level domain names are registered directly with user-defined names, such as company names. There are no standardized category names (such as com or org) used on the second level. The second-level domain names are only intended to have Cyrillic characters, but some have Latin characters (e.g., {{Langx|ru|сгау.рф|label=none|italic=no}}), or digits instead (e.g., {{Langx|ru|555509.рф|label=none|italic=no}}) For the third-level names, it is fairly common that "www" (Latin characters) are used, but most main company addresses do not use any third-level name.

{{colbegin}}

• .ru
• .su domain (permits registration in Cyrillic)
• .eu domain (permits registration in Cyrillic)
• {{Langx|bg|label=none|italic=no|.бг}}
• {{Langx|kk|label=none|italic=no|.қаз}}
• {{Langx|mk|label=none|italic=no|.мкд}}
• {{Langx|sr|label=none|italic=no|.срб}}
• {{Langx|uk|label=none|italic=no|.укр}}
• Punycode
• Technical Center of Internet
• {{Langx|ru|label=none|italic=no|.рус}}

{{colend}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://ccnso.icann.org ICANN country-code name supporting organization]
• [http://ccnso.icann.org/workinggroups/idn-time-table-19dec07.htm Timetable for the possible introduction of IDN ccTLDs]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417063308/http://idn.wat.ch/wiki/index.php?title=IDN_ccTLD_Discussion Discussion by GNSO about which IDN ccTLD to use for different countries]
• [http://www.cctld.ru Coordination Center for TLD RU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620000529/https://cctld.ru/ |date=20 June 2019 }}

{{CcTLD}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:rf}}

рф

Category:Internet in Russia

Category:Internet properties established in 2010