.cc

{{short description|Internet country-code top level domain for the Cocos Islands}}

{{for multi|information about various licenses|Creative Commons|the source code file extension ".cc"|C++}}

{{Multiple issues|

}}

{{Infobox Top level domain

| name=.cc

| image=Verisign-dotcc-logo.svg

| image_size=150px

| introduced=13 October 1997

| type=Country code top-level domain

| status=Active

| registry=eNIC (a VeriSign company)

| sponsor=Island Internet Services

| intendeduse=Entities connected with Cocos (Keeling) Islands

| restrictions=None

| structure=Registrations permitted at second level

| document=[http://www.enomcentral.com/terms/agreement.aspx Registration agreement]

| disputepolicy=UDRP

| website=[https://www.verisign.com/domain-names/cc-domain-names/ Verisign .cc Registry]

| actualuse=Varied site topics; few sites relate to the islands

}}

On the Internet, .cc is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian territory.

Management

It is administered by a United States company, VeriSign, through a subsidiary company, eNIC, which promotes it for international registration as "the next .com".

The .cc domain was originally assigned to eNIC in October 1997 by the IANA; eNIC manages the TLD alongside SamsDirect Internet.{{cite web |title=S. Hrg. 107-1100 - Icann Governance |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CHRG-107shrg87255/CHRG-107shrg87255 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=14 February 2001}}

Registration

Registration is made directly at second-level.

= Second level domains =

= gov.cu.cc, com.cc, net.cc, edu.cc, org.cc=

A number of second-level domain names are also maintained by CoCCA, including "com.cc", "net.cc", "edu.cc", and "org.cc".

=cc.cc, co.cc, cu.cc, cz.cc=

These are not official hierarchies of .cc, but domains owned by companies who offer free subdomain registration.

= co.cc =

The co.cc URL has been known to host spammers, who create spam blogs, or "splogs", often with nonsense names.

Due to such spamming, in July 2011 Google removed over 11 million .co.cc websites from its search results.

Legitimate sites (per Google's Webmaster Guidelines) on the .co.cc subdomain could send a reconsideration request to Google to have their specific site excluded from the ban.{{cite news |date=2011-07-06 |title=Google dumps all 11+ million .co.cc sites from its results |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/07/06/google_cans_11m_dot_co_dot_cc_sites/}}{{cite web|url=http://searchengineland.com/google-delists-all-co-cc-domains-from-index-83931 |title=Google Delists All CO.CC Domains From Index |publisher=Searchengineland.com |date=2011-07-01 |access-date=2012-06-17}}{{cite web|url=http://www.seroundtable.com/co-cc-google-removal-13644.html |title=Google Bans A Complete Subdomain From Index: co.cc |date=July 2011 |publisher=Seroundtable.com |access-date=2012-06-17}}{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Webmasters/thread?tid=10735eb11a40c0c8&hl=en |title=Google Discussiegroepen |access-date=2012-06-17}}

The abundance of cheap .co.cc domains had also been used by those who sold fake "anti-virus" programs.{{cite web |author=David Talbot |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/37718/ |title=The Perfect Scam |publisher=Technology Review |access-date=2012-06-17 |archive-date=29 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129003309/http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/37718/ |url-status=dead }}

From 2012 to 2014, the co.cc website and name servers were not online. There was no formal statement by the company, but they did stop accepting new registrations some time before they closed.{{cite web|url=http://tech.slashdot.org/story/12/11/15/2215256/free-registrar-cocc-goes-the-way-of-the-dodo |title=Free Registrar co.cc Goes the Way of the Dodo |date=2012-11-15 |access-date=2012-11-15}}

In 2018, co.cc was listed for sale for US$500,000.00.{{cite web|url=http://co.cc |title=This domain name CO.CC is for sale}} As of 2019, co.cc is registered to and in use by another entity.{{cite web|url=http://co.cc |title=Cobra Browser}}

Usage

The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also uses the .cc domain, along with .nc.tr.

Google treats .cc as a generic top-level domain (gTLD) because "users and website owners frequently see [the domain] as being more generic than country-targeted."{{Cite web |title=Managing multi-regional and multilingual sites |url=https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/182192 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005224021/https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/182192 |archive-date=5 October 2019 |access-date=5 Oct 2019}}

The TLD is preferred by many cricket and cycling clubs, as well as churches and Christian organizations, since "CC" can be an abbreviation for "Christian Church" or "Catholic Church".

Some open-source/open-hardware projects, such as the Arduino project, use a .cc for their home pages, since "CC" is also the abbreviation for "Creative Commons", whose licenses are used in the projects.

Business owners in Southern Massachusetts are rapidly adopting Cape Cod CC domains for local identity. Canadian Club whiskey has also used .cc domains for marketing purposes.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

It is also used for some community colleges, though other domains, such as .edu, are more popular.

Issues

In 2016, the Anti-Phishing Working Group stated that the .cc, .com, .pw, and .tk domain names account for 75% of all malicious domain registrations.{{Cite web |last=Judah |first=Jacob |date=2023-11-02 |title=How a tiny Pacific Island became the global capital of cybercrime |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/11/02/1082798/tiny-pacific-island-global-capital-cybercrime/ |accessdate=2023-11-10 |website=MIT Technology Review |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |language=en-US}}