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1423

{{About year|1423}}

File:Français 5054, fol. 30 verso, bataille de la Brossinière (1423).jpg: English Army suffers 1,400 deaths in defeat by French Army at Battle of La Brossinière.]]

{{Year nav|1423}}

{{C15 year in topic}}Year 1423 (MCDXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= January–March=

= April–June =

  • April 13 – Hundred Years' War:.The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a mutual defense treaty between the Duchy of Burgundy, the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of England.John A. Wagner, ed., Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War (Greenwood Publishing, 2006)
  • April 15 – Francesco Foscari is elected the new Doge of the Republic of Venice after the death of Tommaso Mocenigo. He will serve as the Venetian Republic's executive for 34 years before being forced to abdicate a few days before his death in 1457."Foscari, Francesco", by Luigi Villari, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition) (Cambridge University Press, 1911), Volume 10, p.730
  • April 27 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Hořice: The Taborites decisively beat the Utraquists.{{cite book|author1=Thomas A. Fudge|author2=Helen J. Nicholson|title=The Crusade Against Heretics in Bohemia, 1418-1437: Sources and Documents for the Hussite Crusades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rhnAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-0801-1|page=x}}
  • April 28 – Ashikaga Yoshimochi abdicates as shogun of Japan and is succeeded by his son, Ashikaga Yoshikazu.{{cite book|author1=Kiyoshi Ito|title=『足利義持』吉川弘文館〈人物叢書〉|year=2008|isbn=978-4-642-05246-7|page=154}}
  • May 18 – The Treaty of Melno signed on September 27 to end the Gollub War between the State of the Teutonic Order (on the Baltic Sea, with a capital at Marienburg) and the alliance of Poland and Lithuania, is ratified by all three parties.Mečislovas Jučas, The Battle of Grünwald (National Museum Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, 2009) p.112
  • May 22 – Byzantine–Ottoman Wars: After a two-day battle, Turakhan Beg, Ottoman governor of Thessaly, breaks through the Hexamilion wall, and ravages the Peloponnese Peninsula in Greece.{{cite encyclopedia|article=Turakhān Beg|first=Franz|last=Babinger|encyclopedia=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam|orig-year=1913–1936|volume=VIII|editor-first=Martijn Theodoor|editor-last=Houtsma|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|year=1993|isbn=90-04-09796-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA876|pages=876–878}}
  • May 23 – The Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmad Shah I is finally able to return home to reassume the throne.
  • June 10 – Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón, a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop, is elected by bishops in Avignon as the third "antipope", succeeding the late Antipope Benedict XIII. , who had died on May 23 after a reign of more than 20 years. Sánchez Muñoz takes the name of Antipope Clement VIII"Antipope Clement VIII (1423-1429)", by Salvador Miranda, in Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church (Florida International University, 1998) as the Avignon clergy disagree with Pope Martin V of Rome.

= July–September =

  • July 10 – Pope Martin V gives his approval of the Treaty of Melno.
  • July 31 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Cravant: The French army is defeated at Cravant, on the banks of the River Yonne near Auxerre, by the English and their Burgundian allies.
  • August 2 – Ataullah Muhammad Shah I begins a 50-year reign as the Sultan of Kedah in what is now Malaysia, following the death of his father, Sulaiman Shah I, who had reigned for 50 years after becoming Sultan in 1373.
  • August 12 – The Treaty of Sveti Srdj ends the Second Scutari War, waged between the Serbian Despotate and the Venetian Republic,Srđan Rudić, Vlastela Ilirskol Probnika ("The Nobility of the Illyric Coat of Arms")(Istorijski Institut Beograd, 2006) p.131 over Scutari, and other former possessions of Zeta, captured by the Venetians.{{cite book|author1=John V. A. Fine|author2=John Van Antwerp Fine|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA519|year=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-08260-4|pages=519}}
  • August – China's Yongle Emperor launches his fourth campaign against the Northern Yuan.{{cite book |last = Chan |first = Hok-lam |title = The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 |year = 1998 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge |isbn = 9780521243322 |pages=227 |chapter = The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435 }}
  • September 14 – The first occupation force from the Republic of Venice arrives at the Greek city of Thessalonia, recently purchaed from the Ottoman Empire with six galleys entering the harbor.{{cite book |last = Vacalopoulos |first = Apostolos E. |author-link = Apostolos Vakalopoulos |title = History of Macedonia 1354–1833 |translator = Peter Megann |publisher = Institute for Balkan Studies |location = Thessaloniki |year = 1973 |page=80 | url = http://promacedonia.org/en/av/ | oclc = 220583971 }}
  • September 26 – Hundred Years' War: The Battle of La Brossinière is fought in France near Bourgon in what is now the Mayenne département. The English force of 2,800 men, under the command of Sir John De la Pole, is crushed by the armies of France, Anjou and Maine, and the English suffer more than 1,400 deaths.Juliet R. V. Barker, Conquest: The English Kingdom of France in the Hundred Years War (Abacus, 2010)
  • September 28 – The English nobility swear their loyalty to King Henry VI.{{Cite book |last=Griffiths |first=Ralph A. |url={{Google books|frWDmbf_mXEC|plainurl=yes}} |title=The Reign of King Henry VI |date=1981 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-5200-4372-5 |location=Berkeley |author-link=Ralph A. Griffiths}}

= October–December =

  • October 20 – The Second Parliament of King Henry VI of England assembles after having been summoned on September 1. The House of Commons, led by John Russell, will consider laws until its adjournment on February 28.
  • November 16 – On behalf of the infant King Henry VI of England, Duke of Bedford, Regent for France, confirms the 1315 Norman Charter.{{Cite book |last=Contamine |first=Philippe |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2ydotlxKeUC&pg=PA215 |title=England and Normandy in the Middle Ages |date=1994 |publisher=The Hambledon Press |isbn=1-85285-083-3 |editor-last=Bates |editor-first=David |page=225 |edition=1st |volume=1 |publication-place=Londres and Rio Grande |language=en |chapter=Chapter 16: The Norman “Nation” and the French “Nation” in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries |type=Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Reading in September 1992 |oclc=299458007 |editor-last2=Curry |editor-first2=Anne}}
  • November 17 – Three weeks before his second birthday, King Henry VI of England is brought before the assembled members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons for the first time.Julian Lock, "Flower, Roger (d. 1427)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9764, accessed 22 April 2010]
  • December 15 – After a two-year expedition to Byzantium, Giovanni Aurispa arrives in Venice with largest and finest collection of Greek language texts up to that time, including 238 ancient manuscripts.Charles L. Stinger, Humanism and the Church Fathers: Ambrogio Traversari (1386-1439 and the Revival of Patristic Theology in the Early Italian Renaissance (State University of New York Press, 1977) pp. 36–37
  • December 24 – Hussite Wars: In what is now the Czech Republic, General Sigismund Korybut, commander of the Hussite Army, withdraws his troops from Prague on the orders of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland.Jerzy Grygiel, Życie i działalność Zygmunta Korybutowicza: Studium z dziejów stosunków polsko-czeskich w pierwszej połowie XV wieku ("The Life and Times of Zygmunta Korybutowicz: A study on the history of Polish-Czech relations in the first half of the 15th century")(Wydawnictwo Ossolineum, 1988)

= Date unknown =

  • The three independent boroughs of Pamplona are united into a single town by royal decree, after centuries of feuds.
  • Dan II of Wallachia, with Hungarian help, wins two battles against the Ottomans.

Births

Deaths

References

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