14 Herculis
{{Short description|Star in the constellation Hercules}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = 14 Herculis
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = Hercules
| dec = {{DEC|+43|49|03.5074}}
}}
{{Starbox character
| u-b =
| variable =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{Val|−13.87|0.08}}
| prop_mo_ra = {{val|131.745|(28)}}
| prop_mo_dec = {{val|−297.025|(37)}}
| parallax = 55.8657
| p_error = 0.0291
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = {{val|0.98|0.04}}
| radius = {{val|0.97|0.02}}
| luminosity = {{val|0.6256|0.0077}}
| gravity = 4.46
| temperature = {{val|fmt=commas|5310|30}}
| metal_fe = {{val|0.43|0.07}}
| rotational_velocity = 1.65
| rotation = 29.5 d
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | F=14 Her | BD=+44°2549 | GJ=614 | HD=145675 | HIP=79248 | SAO=45933 | LTT=14816}}{{cite simbad | title=14 Her | access-date=2018-02-18 }}
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HD+145675
| NSTED = HD-145675
}}
{{Starbox end}}
14 Herculis or 14 Her is a K-type main-sequence star {{convert|58.4|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} away in the constellation Hercules. It is also known as HD 145675. Because of its apparent magnitude, of 6.61 the star can be very faintly seen with the naked eye. As of 2021, 14 Herculis is known to host two exoplanets.
Stellar properties
14 Herculis is an orange dwarf star of the spectral type K0V. The star has about 98 percent of the mass, 97 percent of the radius, and only 67 percent of the luminosity of the Sun. The star appears to be 2.7 times as enriched with elements heavier than hydrogen (based on its abundance of iron), in comparison to the Sun. It may have been the most metal rich star known as of 2001.[https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2001/07/aah2231.pdf S. Feltzing and G. Gonzalez, "The nature of super-metal-rich stars* Detailed abundance analysis of 8 super-metal-rich star candidates", 2001]
Planetary system
In 1998 a planet, 14 Herculis b was discovered orbiting 14 Herculis via radial velocity.{{cite conference|author=Mayor, M.|title=Searching for giant planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory|conference=IAU Colloqu. 170|book-title=Precise Stellar Radial Velocities|editor= Hearnshaw, J. B.|editor2= Scarfe, C. D.|date=1998|publisher=ASP|location=San Francisco|display-authors=etal}} This was formally published in 2003. The planet has an eccentric orbit with a period of 4.8 years. In 2005, a possible second planet was proposed, designated 14 Herculis c. The parameters of this planet were very uncertain, but an initial analysis suggested that it was in the 4:1 resonance with the inner planet, with an orbital period of almost 19 years at an orbital distance of 6.9 AU. The existence of the planet 14 Herculis c was confirmed in 2021, along with a rough orbit determination.
A 2021 study combining radial velocity and astrometry found that the planetary orbits are not coplanar, which may indicate a strong planet-planet scattering event in the past. Albeit one study using astrometry has found inclinations consistent with aligned orbits, newer research including James Webb Space Telescope observations confirm the orbits are misaligned. The planets are strongly interacting with each other. Their inclinations and eccentricities oscillate due to these gravitational interactions.
There are signs of a third candidate planet with a period of about 10 years, but this signal is most likely related to the star's magnetic activity cycle.
The outer planet, 14 Herculis c, was directly imaged with the James Webb Space Telescope, re-determining its orbital elements and finding a temperature of {{convert|275|K|C|lk=in}}, among the lowest known for a directly imaged planets. Its apparent brightness is fainter than expected, hinting at disequilibrium chemistry and/or water ice clouds.
{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = {{efn|1=Inclinations: Xiao
et al. (2025)
14 Her b mass, axis and period: Feng et al. (2024)
14 Her b eccentricity and inclination: Xiao
et al. (2025)
14 Her c's other properties: Bardalez Gagliuffi et al. (2025)}}
| period_unit = year
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = b
| mass = {{val|8.9|1.1|1.5}}
| period = {{val|4.8285|0.0022|0.0023}}
| semimajor = {{val|2.843|0.040}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.371|0.003}}
| inclination = {{val|147.3|2.2|2.7}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = c
| mass = {{val|7.9|1.6|1.2}}
| period = {{val|143|3}}
| semimajor ={{val|20.0|12.0|4.9|ul=AU}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.52|0.16|0.12}}
| inclination = {{val|111.9|5.4|4.5|u=deg}}
| radius = {{val|1.03|0.01}}
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{Cite Gaia DR3|1385293808145621504}}
{{cite journal |last1=Bardalez Gagliuffi |first1=Daniella |last2=Balmer |first2=William O. |display-authors=etal |date=June 2025 |title=JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: a Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot, Multi-planet System |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |arxiv=2506.09201}}
| last1=Bonfanti | first1=A. | last2=Ortolani | first2=S.
| last3=Piotto | first3=G. | last4=Nascimbeni | first4=V.
| title=Revising the ages of planet-hosting stars
| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | display-authors=1
| volume=575 | issue=A18 | pages=17 | date=2015
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424951 | bibcode=2015A&A...575A..18B
| arxiv=1411.4302 | s2cid=54555839 }}
| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
| last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
| journal=Astronomy Letters
| volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
| arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 }}
| title=The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars
| last1=Keenan | first1=Philip C. | last2=McNeil | first2=Raymond C.
| journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
| volume=71 | pages=245 | year=1989
| bibcode=1989ApJS...71..245K | doi=10.1086/191373 }}
{{cite journal |author=Goździewski, K. |author2=Konacki, M. |author3=Maciejewski, A. J.|title=Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=645 |issue=1 |pages=688–703 |date=2006 |bibcode=2006ApJ...645..688G |doi=10.1086/504030|arxiv = astro-ph/0511463 |s2cid=15012577 |url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5547/1/GOZapj06.pdf }}
{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Fabo |last2=Butler |first2=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=August 2022 |title=3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=262 |issue=21 |page=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 |arxiv=2208.12720 |bibcode=2022ApJS..262...21F |s2cid=251864022 |doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=January 2003 |title=Seven New Keck Planets Orbiting G and K Dwarfs |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=582 |issue=1 |pages=455–466 |doi=10.1086/344570 |bibcode=2003ApJ...582..455B|doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=G. F. |last2=McArthur |first2=B. E. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title=The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume= 166|issue= 1|page=27 |doi= 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a|arxiv=2305.11753 |bibcode=2023AJ....166...27B |doi-access=free }}
}}
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm |title=14 Herculis |access-date=2008-06-25 |work=SolStation}}
- {{cite web|url=http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_search.cfm |title=New Worlds Atlas |access-date=2008-06-25 |work=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |publisher=Planet Quest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612100938/http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_search.cfm |archive-date=12 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_b--77/ |title=Planet 14 Her b |author=Jean Schneider |date=2021 |encyclopedia=Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |access-date=2021-01-01}}
{{14 Herculis}}
{{Stars of Hercules}}
{{Sky|16|10|24.31|+|43|49|3.5|59}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:14 Herculis}}
Category:Hercules (constellation)