14 Herculis c
{{Short description|Extrasolar planet in the constellation Hercules}}
{{Infobox planet
| name = 14 Herculis c
| image = File:14 Herculis c (NIRCam).png
| caption = Direct image of 14 Herculis c taken with the James Webb Space Telescope. Its host star is blocked by a coronagraph.
| discoverer = Goździewski et al.; Rosenthal et al.
| discovery_site = Observatoire de Haute-Provence, Keck & AFP
| discovered = 17 November 2005 (candidate)
2 July 2021 (confirmed)
| discovery_method = Doppler spectroscopy
| extrasolarplanet = yes
| alt_names = HD 145675 c
| orbit_ref =
| apsis = astron
| semimajor = {{val|20.0|12.0|4.9|ul=AU}}
{{val|28.1|6.4|6.8|u=AU}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.64|0.06|0.10}}
| period = {{val|52160|1030|fmt=commas}} days
({{val|142.8|2.8}} years)
| inclination = {{val|111.9|5.4|5.5|u=deg}}
| asc_node = {{val|205.1|7.448|10.31|u=deg}}
| time_periastron = {{val|2451779|33|fmt=commas|ul=JD}}
| arg_peri = {{val|172.5|4.011|4.584|u=deg}}
| semi-amplitude = {{val|50.8|0.4|ul=m/s}}
| star = 14 Herculis
| mass = {{val|7.9|1.6|1.2|ul=Jupiter mass}}
| mean_radius = {{val|1.03|0.01|ul=Jupiter radius}}
| single_temperature = {{convert|275|K|C F|lk=in}}
| surface_grav = {{val|4.25|0.15|ul=cgs}}
}}
14 Herculis c or 14 Her c is the outermost of two known exoplanets orbiting the star 14 Herculis, approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet has a mass that would make it a gas giant roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive.
Discovery
14 Herculis c was discovered by the radial velocity method. Its discovery was first reported in 2005 (published in 2006), using data from the ELODIE Planet Search survey. It remained a planet candidate until its existence was securely confirmed in 2021.
According to a 2007 analysis, the existence of a second planet in the 14 Herculis system was "clearly" supported by the evidence, but the planet's parameters were not precisely known. It may be in a 4:1 resonance with the inner planet 14 Herculis b.
The inclination and true mass of 14 Herculis c were measured in 2021, using data from Gaia, and refined by further astrometric studies in 2022 and 2023, as well by a 2025 study using James Webb Space Telescope astrometry. The inclination is 116°, corresponding to a true mass of {{Jupiter mass|7.1|link=y}}.
Direct imaging
The planet was directly imaged with the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument in 2025. The observations determined a temperature of {{convert|275|K|C|lk=in}}, making it one of the coldest exoplanets directly imaged. They also re-measured its orbital elements, finding it to be closer to the star, at around 15 AU, on a highly eccentric orbit, as well as measuring its orbital inclination, finding it to be misaligned with 14 Herculis b by 40°. At wavelengths of 4.4 μm, its apparent magnitude is fainter than expected, hinting at disequilibrium chemistry and/or water ice clouds.{{Cite web |title=Frigid Exoplanet in Strange Orbit Imaged by NASA's Webb |url=https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-125 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Webb |language=en}}
See also
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{cite journal |bibcode=2006ApJ...645..688G |author=Goździewski, K. |author2=Konacki, M. |author3=Maciejewski, A. J.|title=Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=645|issue=1|pages=688–703|date=2006|doi=10.1086/504030|arxiv = astro-ph/0511463 |s2cid=15012577 |url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5547/1/GOZapj06.pdf}}
{{cite journal |bibcode=2007ApJ...654..625W |author=Wittenmyer, R. A. |author2=Endl, M. |author3=Cochran, W. D.|title=Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=654|issue=1|pages=625–632|date=2007|doi=10.1086/509110|arxiv = astro-ph/0609117 |s2cid=14707902 }}
{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Fabo |last2=Butler |first2=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=August 2022 |title=3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=262 |issue=21 |page=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 |arxiv=2208.12720 |bibcode=2022ApJS..262...21F |s2cid=251864022 |doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=G. F. |last2=McArthur |first2=B. E. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title=The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume= 166|issue= 1|page=27 |doi= 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a|arxiv=2305.11753 |bibcode=2023AJ....166...27B |doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |last1=Bardalez Gagliuffi |first1=Daniella |last2=Balmer |first2=William O. |display-authors=etal |date=June 2025 |title=JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: a Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot, Multi-planet System |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |arxiv=2506.09201}}
}}
External links
- {{cite web |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_c--309/ |title=Notes for Planet 14 Her c |author=Jean Schneider |date=2011 |work=Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |access-date=30 September 2011}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm |title=14 Herculis |accessdate=2008-06-25 |work=SolStation| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080719164703/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm| archivedate= 19 July 2008 }}
{{14 Herculis}}
{{Sky|16|10|23.59|+|43|49|18.2|59}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:14 Herculis c}}
Category:Hercules (constellation)
Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2005
Category:Exoplanets detected by radial velocity