14th century BC
{{Short description|One hundred years, from 1400 BC to 1301 BC}}
{{redirect|1300s BC|the decade|1300s BC (decade)}}
{{Centurybox|-14}}
The 14th century BC was the century that lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.
Events
- 1350 – 1250 BC: the Bajío phase of the San Lorenzo site in Mexico; large public buildings are constructed.{{Cite book |first1=Victoria |last1=Bricker |first2=Jeremy A. |last2=Sabloff |title=Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians |volume=1 |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-292-74441-7 |page=376}}
- Pastoral nomadism develops in the steppes of Central Asia; cattle are watched on horseback.{{Cite book |language=fr |first1=Hervé |last1=Beaumont |title=Asie centrale |publisher=Editions Marcus |year=2008 |isbn=978-2-7131-0228-8 |page=101}}
=Middle East and Africa=
File:Ancient_Near_East_1400BC.svg
Image:Egypt.ColossiMemnon.01.jpg]]
- 1400 – 1250 BC: the heyday of the Phoenician city of Ugarit.{{Cite book |first=Yves Denis |last=Papin |title=Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne |language=fr |publisher=Éditions Jean-paul Gisserot |year=1998 |isbn=978-2-87747-346-0 |page=12}} A written alphabet is attested by Ugaritic texts.{{Cite book |first=Frank |last=Lalou |title=Les 22 clés de l'alphabet hébraïque |language=fr |publisher=Desclée De Brouwer |year=2016 |isbn=978-2-220-02025-9 |page=38}}
- c. 1380 – 1336 BC: the reign of Šuppiluliuma I, who leads the Hittite Empire to its peak.{{Cite book |first=Georges |last=Roux |title=La Mésopotamie |language=fr |publisher=Seuil |year=1995 |isbn=978-2-02-008632-5 |page=559}} Šuppiluliuma I conquers the weakened Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the second half of the century. Assyria is emancipated under Ashur-uballit I.{{Cite book |language=fr |first1=Jacques |last1=Freu |first2=Michel |last2=Mazoyer |title=L'apogée du nouvel empire hittite |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2008 |isbn=978-2-296-21119-3 |page=13}}
- 1372 – 1350 BC: Akhetaton (Amarna) is constructed as the ephemeral capital of the pharaoh Akhenaten and dedicated to the sun god Aten. It is abandoned a few years after Akhenaten's death.{{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=William Kelly |author-link=William Kelly Simpson |title=The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-300-07747-6 |page=181}}
- c. 1325 BC: Pharaoh Tutankhamun dies and is buried in a richly furnished tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
- c. 1320 – 1295 BC: the sinking of the Uluburun shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea south of modern-day Kaş.{{Cite book |first1=Harry |last1=Fokkens |first2=Anthony |last2=Harding |title=The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age |publisher=OUP Oxford |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-957286-1 |page=383}}
- Lycian pirates from southwest Anatolia raid the kingdom of Alashiya in Cyprus. They are employed as mercenaries by the Hittites and take part in the Battle of Kadesh.{{Cite book |first=Nancy H. |last=Demand |title=The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-4234-5 |page=206}}
- An Ugaritic patera, with its embossed decoration in concentric zones and hunting scenes, reveals an exceptional level in goldsmithing.{{Cite book |first=Bénédicte |last=Ottinger |title=L'art et la chasse |language=fr |publisher=Renaissance Du Livre |year=2002 |isbn=978-2-8046-0679-4 |page=12}}
=Europe=
- c. 1400 – 1300 BC:
- A glacial rise is attested by the peat bog of the glacier of Tyrol.{{Cite book |first=Robert |last=Vivian |title=Les glaciers du Mont-Blanc |language=fr |publisher=La Fontaine de Siloë |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-84206-285-9 |page=20}}
- Phase III A of the Greek Bronze Age.{{Cite book |first=Claude |last=Baurain |title=Les Grecs et la Méditerranée orientale : des siècles "obscurs" à la fin de l'époque archaïque |language=fr |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |year=1997 |page=60}} Contacts with the Mycenaean civilization are established at Thapsos, Syracuse, Scoglio del Tonno in the Gulf of Taranto, and Ischia on the Tyrrhenian coast.{{Cite book |first1=Claude |last1=Mossé |first2=Annie |last2=Schnapp-Gourbeillon |title=Précis d'histoire grecque |language=fr |publisher=Armand Colin |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-200-28392-6 |page=69}}{{Cite book |first=Jean MacIntosh |last=Turfa |title=The Etruscan World |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-134-05523-4 |page=198}}
- 1400 – 1370 BC: phase III A1 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.{{Cite book |first=Bryan |last=Feuer |title=Mycenaean Civilization |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7864-2698-0 |page=6}} Palaces are constructed in Tiryns and Pylos.{{Cite book |first=Jean-Claude |last=Poursat |title=La Grèce préclassique |language=fr |publisher=Points |year=2014 |isbn=978-2-7578-4500-4 |page=49}} Linear B, which transcribes an archaic form of Greek, appears in the palace of Knossos at the end of Phase III A1 of the Late Minoan period.{{Cite book |first=Rina |last=Viers |title=Des signes pictographiques à l'alphabet : la communication écrite en Méditerranée : actes du colloque, 14 et 15 mai 1996, Villa grecque Kérylos, Fondation Théodore Reinach (Beaulieu-sur-mer) |language=fr |publisher=Karthala |year=2000 |isbn=978-2-86537-996-5 |page=219}}
- 1370 – 1340 BC: phase III A2 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.
- 1340 – 1190 BC: phase III B of the Late Helladic period in Greece. Beehive tombs are constructed in Epirus and Thessaly,{{Cite book |first1=Nicolas |last1=Platon |first2=Béatrice |last2=de Tournay |title=La Civilisation égéenne : Le Bronze récent et la civilisation mycénienne |volume=2 |language=fr |publisher=Albin Michel |year=1981 |isbn=978-2-226-22522-1 |page=382}} and a palace is constructed in Athens.{{Cite book |first=Roland |last=Étienne |title=Athènes, espaces urbains et histoire |language=fr |publisher=Hachette Éducation |year=2004 |isbn=978-2-01-181444-9 |page=PT22}}
- 1380 – 1120 BC: a Mycenaean sanctuary is built in Phylakopi.
- c. 1370 BC: the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is created in Crete.{{Cite book |first=Ann |last=Suter |title=Lament |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-971427-8 |page=77}}
- c. 1350 – 1330 BC: the reconstruction of the palace and Cyclopean enclosure at Mycenae, then at its peak under the reign of the legendary king and queen Perseus and Andromeda.{{Cite book |first=Paul |last=Faure |author-link1=Paul Faure (archaeologist) |first2=Marie-Jeanne |last2=Gaignerot |title=Guide grec antique |publisher=Hachette Éducation Technique |year=1991 |isbn=978-2-01-181766-2 |page=PT65}}
References
{{Reflist}}