1552 in literature

• June – Sir David Lyndsay's Middle Scots satirical morality play A Satire of the Three Estates first performed publicly in full, at Cupar in Fife.
• unknown dates
• Giachem Bifrun produces the first printed book in the Swiss Romansh language (Putèr), Christiauna fuorma, a catechism.{{cite book|author=W. D. Elcock|title=The Romance Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|year=1960|publisher=Faber & Faber|page=480}}
• Belgrade printing house is established.
• Ralph Roister Doister, the first known comedy in the English, is written by London schoolmaster Nicholas Udall for his pupils to perform.{{cite book|author1=Muller Janel|author2=David Loewenstein|author3=William Rainey Harper|title=The Cambridge History of Early Modern English Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J90cWIBoAPcC&pg=PA839|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-63156-3|pages=839}}

• Book of Common Prayer (revised)
• Bartolomé de las Casas – A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) (written 1542){{Cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/515/ |title=Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II |website=World Digital Library |date=1620 |accessdate=2013-08-25}}
• François Rabelais – Le Quart Livre
• Gerónimo de Santa Fe (posthumously) – Hebræomastix
• Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Little Book of the Medicinal Herbs of the Indians), composed in Nahuatl by Martín de la Cruz and translated into Latin by Juan Badiano.

• David Lyndsay – A Satire of the Three Estates (first public performance)
• Hans Sachs – Der Bauer im Fegefeuer

• See 1552 in poetry

• February 8 – Agrippa d'Aubigné, French Protestant poet (died 1630)
• unknown dates
• Jean Bertaut, French poet (died 1611)
• Philemon Holland, English translator and schoolmaster (died 1637)
• Edmund Spenser, English poet (died 1599){{cite book|author=Edmund Spenser|title=The Globe Edition. Complete Works of Edmund Spenserurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=BTNYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR16|year=1869|publisher=Macmillan and Company|pages=16}}
• probable – Cvijeta Zuzorić, Croatian poet (died 1648)

• June 10 – Alexander Barclay, probably Scottish-born English writer, cleric and translator (born c. 1476)
• October 17 – Andreas Osiander, German theologian (born 1498)
• December 11 – Paolo Giovio, Italian historian and biographer (born 1483){{cite book|author=Thompson Cooper|title=A New Biographical Dictionary: Containing Concise Notices of Eminent Persons of All Ages and Countries: and More Particularly of ... Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfIMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA607|year=1873|publisher=Bell|pages=607}}
• December 30 – Francisco de Enzinas, Spanish-born Netherlandish scholar and humanist (born c. 1518){{cite book|author=Edward Boehmer|title=Bibliotheca Wiffeniana: Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries from 1520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qoFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154|year=1874|publisher=K. Trübner|pages=154}}

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