1729 in science

The year 1729 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

January 9 & 16 – James Bradley, in a letter written to Edmond Halley and read before the Royal Society, describes his discovery of aberration of starlight.Date clarified in: {{cite journal|first=George|last=Sarton|authorlink=George Sarton|journal=Isis|volume=16|issue=2|title=Discovery of the Aberration of Light|jstor=224710|issn=0021-1753|date=November 1931|pages=233–265 |doi=10.1086/346611}}
August 1 – Fr. Nicolas Sarrabat, a professor of mathematics at Marseille, discovers the Comet of 1729, possibly the largest comet, with the highest apparent magnitude, on record.
English optician Chester Moore Hall (1703–1771) develops an achromatic lens (or achromat) commonly used as the objective of small refracting telescopes.

June 8 – The Botanic Gardens of Pamplemousses on Mauritius are started by Pierre Barmond.
Mark Catesby begins part publication in London of The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, containing the figures of birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, insects, and plants ... together with their descriptions in English and French, the first published account of the flora and fauna of North America, and the first work of natural history to use folio-size coloured plates.{{cite web|first=F. Nigel|last=Hepper|title=Catesby, Mark (1683–1749)|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4882|accessdate=2011-03-23}} {{ODNBsub}}

Andrew Motte publishes The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in London, the first English translation of Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (originally published 1687; Motte translated the 1726 edition).{{cite web|url=http://www.centre.edu/web/news/2006/Newton_one.pdf |title=Isaac Newton and the Scientific Revolution |last=Steinbock |first=R. Ted |publisher=Centre College |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919000638/http://www.centre.edu/web/news/2006/Newton_one.pdf |archivedate=2006-09-19 }}

August 6 – Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh established as the "Hospital for the Sick Poor" or "Physicians' Hospital" in Edinburgh (Scotland).

Stephen Gray discovers electrical conduction.{{cite web|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/gray.html|title=Gray, Stephen|last=Westfall|first=Richard S.|work=The Galileo Project}}
Pierre Bouguer publishes Essai d'optique sur la gradation de la lumière, defining the quantity of light lost by passing through a given extent of the Earth's atmosphere, thus making some of the earliest measurements in photometry and becoming the first known discoverer of what becomes known as the Beer–Lambert law.{{cite book|last=Lamontagne|first=Roland|title=La vie et l'oeuvre de Pierre Bouguer|publisher=Presses de l'Université de Montréal|year=1964}}

Stephen Switzer publishes An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostaticks and Hydraulicks in London, a 2-volume general treatise on hydraulics.
Walter Churchman of Bristol (England) patents the first mechanical cocoa bean grinder.{{cite book|chapter=Appendix 8: Chocolate Timeline|date=2008|title=Chocolate|pages=855–928|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/9780470411315.app8|isbn=978-0-470-41131-5}}