1730 in science

• The analemma is developed by the French astronomer Grandjean de Fouchy.

• James Stirling publishes Methodus differentialis, sive tractatus de summatione et interpolatione serierum infinitarum.

• The Reaumur scale is developed by French naturalist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, with 0° = the freezing point of water and 80° = the boiling point.{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/weather/article2673568.ece|title=How Reaumur fell off the temperature scale|accessdate=2011-06-21|date=17 October 2007|work=The Times|location=London|first=Paul|last=Simons}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

• Joseph Foljambe of Rotherham, England, produces the iron-clad Rotherham swing plough.{{cite web|url=http://www.ploughmen.co.uk/ploughhistory.htm|first=Alan|last=Jones|title=A Brief History of The Plough|location=Doncaster|publisher=Society of Ploughmen|accessdate=2011-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004023525/http://www.ploughmen.co.uk/ploughhistory.htm|archive-date=2011-10-04|url-status=dead}}

• April 15 – Moses Harris, English entomologist and engraver (died c. 1788)
• July 12 – Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (died 1796)
• June 26 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (died 1817)
• August 12 – Edmé-Louis Daubenton, French naturalist (died 1785)
• December 8
• Johann Hedwig, Transylvanian-born German botanist (died 1799)
• Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch physiologist (died 1799)
• Maria Angela Ardinghelli, Italian scientific translator (died 1825)
• between 1730 and 1732 – William Hudson, English botanist (died 1793)

• January 18 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian physician and natural scientist (born 1661)
• April 21 - Jan Palfijn, Flemish surgeon and obstetrician (born 1650)
• December 5 (bur.) – Alida Withoos, Dutch botanical artist (born c. 1661/1662)

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Category:1730

Category:18th century in science

Category:1730s in science