1770 in Canada

• Monarch: George III{{cite web |title=Kings and Queens of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-family/kings-queens.html#e2 |website=aem |access-date=24 February 2021 |date=11 August 2017}}

• Governor of the Province of Quebec: Guy Carleton
• Governor of Nova Scotia: Lord William Campbell
• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Byron
• Governor of St. John's Island: Walter Patterson{{cite web |title=Office of Lieutenant Governor: Lieutenant Governors gallery |url=http://www.gov.pe.ca/olg/gallery/picture_setup.php?lg=01Patterson |website=www.gov.pe.ca |access-date=31 March 2019}}

• December – Samuel Hearne departs on his third voyage of discovery.
• The city of Saint-Eustache, Quebec is established.

Image:GG-George Ramsay.jpg

• April 7 – William Wordsworth, in Cockermouth, England (d.1850)
• April 30 – David Thompson, fur trader, surveyor and map-maker (d.1857)
• June 4 (baptised) – William Carson, in Kirkcudbright, Scotland (d.1843)
• October 23 – George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie (d.1838)

• William Allan, near Huntly, Scotland (d.1853)

• February 12 – Christopher Middleton, Hudson's Bay Company captain

Hard winters and scarcity of farm staples and manufactures useful in Britain make northern colonies dependent on West Indies, not mother countryMr. Wynne, "Reflections on the present State of the North-American Colonies", [https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/342179/a-general-history-of-the-british-empire-in-america-containi?ctx=967831a322e942a224a2f964183c3dc5c262edf0&idx=35# A General History of the British Empire in America(....)] Vol. II (1770), pgs. 393-5. (See also in this volume (pg. 430): "Canada can be nothing but a factory for the fur trade, and Nova-Scotia only a fishing settlement.") Accessed 21 April 2022

Warships will form line from Cape Race, Newfoundland to latitude of Cape Cod to prevent smuggling to St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia coast and Massachusetts"May 18", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266171 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 296] (August 30, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022

British in Quebec request general assembly to encourage agriculture and trade and attach increasingly poor Canadians to economy and British law"Petition for a General Assembly" (1770?), [https://primarydocuments.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/DocsConsHist1759Can1907.pdf Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791] (1907), pgs. 291-2 (PDF frames 305-6). Accessed 24 June 2022

Canadians request return of their laws, which are basis of their property and family rule, and public office from which they are humiliatingly excluded"Petition for the Restoration of French Law and Custom" (1770?; in French with English translation), [https://primarydocuments.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/DocsConsHist1759Can1907.pdf Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791] (1907), pgs. 292-5 (PDF frames 306-9). Accessed 24 June 2022

Reward of $200 offered for information on "the Malefactors and abominable people that have, and attempt yet every Day, to set Fire to this Town""The United Company of the City of Montreal[....]", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266173 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 298] (September 13, 1770), 3rd pg., right column. (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266178 provincial government] offers additional reward of 200 Spanish dollars) Accessed 22 June 2022

Since surveyor appointed, small number of chimney fires shows benefit of chimney law, and minding fireplaces may save "us from that dreadful Calamity""Quebec, March 15", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266139 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272] (March 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022

Lightning coming down chimney to fireplace she was kneeling at kills woman in Charlebourg, her last words being "My God, I am dying: Help""Quebec, August 9", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266168 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 293] (August 9, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022

After saying he would kill his wife to priest (and requesting he "assist him at the Gallows"), Quebec man attempts murder and then kills himself"Quebec, February 15", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266139 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 268] (February 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022

Coroner's Inquest conclusions (previously called verdicts) finds Catharine Alexander's stillborn baby was given for burial to "ignorant Woman [who] indecently" put coffin in snow behind prison"Quebec, March 22", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266144 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 273] (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022

Advertisement for shipping on Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron - "infinitely less liable to hazard" than going "defenceless[...]to be seized by the Savages""Captain Grant", [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266139 The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272] (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022

Illinois Country whites (pop. ca. 2,000) have connections with Canada and local Indigenous people, and tend to trade and hunt more than farmPhilip Pittman, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20444/107 "Of the Inhabitants"] The Present State of the European Settlements of the Mississippi (1770), pg. 55. Accessed 20 June 2022

Dinner given at Northwest Arm near Halifax in celebration of Festival of St. Aspinquid, with toasts to Hendrick, Uncas, Massasoit and other sachems"Halifax, June 5", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 23 (May 29 - June 5, 1770), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=75&Page=200908873 pg. 184] Accessed 21 June 2022

Nova Scotia townships must support only resident poor people and orphans, excepting poor and disabled people who can be supported by family[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-settlement-poor-several-townships-within-province "An Act for the Settlement of the Poor in the several Townships within this Province"] (1770), 10 George III - Chapter 1, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00946_15/25 Assembly resolution] to pay physician £60 for services and medicine to poor house residents, but not to pay him again) Accessed 20 June 2022

Needy "dissenting Ministers" of Nova Scotia will benefit from interest earned on charitable fund "warmly recommended" by 28 such clergymen in London"Halifax, February 20; By Letters received[....]", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 8 (February 13–20, 1770), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=60&Page=200908748 pg. 63] Accessed 21 June 2022 (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266201 royal donation] of £1,000 to fund)

Interest on loans in Nova Scotia to be no higher than 6% (with grandfather clause) and lenders charging higher rate are to pay triple value of loan made[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-establishing-rate-interest-0 "An Act for establishing the Rate of Interest"] (1770), 10 George III - Chapter 5, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 20 June 2022

St. John's Island looking for fishers to settle, where they will pay no duty on rum, molasses "or any other Commodity necessary for Fishermen""Extract of a Letter from a Merchant in St. John's Island", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 10 (February 28 - March 6, 1770), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=62&Page=200908764 pg. 79] Accessed 21 June 2022

George Cartwright's sighting of Beothuk evokes long description of them and Newfoundlanders' murderous attitude toward them (Note: "wild" used)C.W. Townsend (ed.), [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns/id/61599 "Wednes., July 11, 1770"] Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 16-25. Accessed 24 June 2022

St. John's merchants tell Gov. Byron Newfoundland trade suffers from previous governor, worker neglect, loss of settlers, drinking, and customs delays[https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266139 "The following Address(....)] The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 268 (February 15, 1770), 1st-2nd pgs. Accessed 22 June 2022

Church of the Brethren missionaries establish selves among "Esquimaux" in Labrador with view to settlement (Note: stereotypes of Indigenous people)Benjamin La Trobe, A Succinct View of the Missions Established among the Heathen by the Church of the Brethren[....] (1771), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.62009/31 pgs. 26-7] (See [http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"] (1770) for record of these events) Accessed 20 June 2022

Moravian missionary purchases land from head Inuk in each tent because "you are all Lords + Masters[...], each of you says He is Master of the Land"[http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"] (1770), pgs. 30-2, 57-8, 82-3 (PDF frames 33-5, 61-2, 86-7) Accessed 22 June 2022

After Inuit men of "Esquimaux Bay" acknowledge violence of past, missionary consults with them on where Moravians should build their house[http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"] (1770), pgs. 74-7 (PDF frames 78-81; see further regarding past violence, frames 122-4, 128-30, 136-8) Accessed 22 June 2022

Inuit acknowledge that they are Brethren's children and must attend their meetings and do what they are told to do[http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"] (1770), pg. 86 (PDF frame 90) Accessed 22 June 2022

George Cartwright describes construction of Inuit sled made of spruce planks, whale jaw bone runners and walrus hide thongsC.W. Townsend (ed.), [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns/id/61640 "As the construction(...)"] Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 56-7. Accessed 24 June 2022

Samuel Hearne on expedition is irked but not dismayed by ways of his Indigenous guide ("Con-ne-e-quese"; Note: "niggard" means ungenerous person)Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), [http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/41/75.html pg. 30] Accessed 20 June 2022

Hearne quotes Indigenous leader Matonabbee as saying women are made for labour, such as carrying, hauling, making and mending clothing etc.Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), [http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/41/100.html pg. 55] Accessed 21 June 2022

Hearne describes moose hide tent and its use as woodland tipi early on his expedition northwest from Prince of Wales Fort, ChurchillSamuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), [http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/41/63.html pgs. 18-20] Accessed 20 June 2022

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