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1796–97 United States Senate elections#Massachusetts (Special)

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1796–97 United States Senate elections

| country = United States

| flag_year = 1795

| type = legislative

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1794–95 United States Senate elections

| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1794 & 1795}}

| next_election = 1798–99 United States Senate elections

| next_year = {{Nowrap|1798 & 1799}}

| previous_seat_election = 1790–91 United States Senate elections

| previous_seat_year = {{Nowrap|1790 & 1791}}

| next_seat_election = 1802–03 United States Senate elections

| next_seat_year = {{Nowrap|1802 & 1803}}

| seats_for_election = 11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)

| majority_seats = 17

| election_date = Dates vary by state

| image_size = 100px

| 1blank = Seats up

| 2blank = Races won

| party1 = Federalist Party

| image1 =

| seats_before1 = 19

| seats_after1 = 20

| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 1

| 1data1 = 8

| 2data1 = 9

| party2 = Democratic-Republican Party

| image2 =

| seats_before2 = 12

| seats_after2 = 10

| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2

| 1data2 = 3

| 2data2 = 1

| title = Majority Party

| before_election =

| before_party = Federalist Party

| after_election =

| after_party = Federalist Party

| map_image = File:1796senatemap.svg

| map_caption = Results:
{{Legend0|#f2bfa6|Federalist hold}} {{legend0|#e27036|Federalist gain}}
{{Legend0|#bef3be|Dem-Republican hold}}
{{legend0|#000000ff|Legislature failed to elect}}

}}

The 1796–97 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1796 and 1797, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}} In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

They coincided with John Adams's election as President. The ruling Federalist Party gained one seat.

Results summary

Senate party division, 5th Congress (1797–1799)

  • Majority party: Federalist (22)
  • Minority party: Democratic-Republican (9)
  • Vacant: 1 (later filled by Democratic-Republican)
  • Total seats: 32

Change in composition

= Before the elections =

After the August 2, 1796 admission of Tennessee.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|1}}

width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|7}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|8}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|9}}
{{Small|N.Y.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|10}}
{{Small|Tenn.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|11}}
{{Small|Va.}}
{{Small|Unknown}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|2}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|19}}
{{Small|Vt.}}
{{Small|Resigned}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|17}}
{{Small|R.I.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| width=10% rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|16}}
{{Small|Pa.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | Majority →
{{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|7}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|8}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|12}}
{{Small|Conn.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|13}}
{{Small|Del.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|14}}
{{Small|Md.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|18}}
{{Small|Mass.}}
{{Small|Resigned}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|15}}
{{Small|N.J.}}
{{Small|Ran}}

{{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|1}}

= Results of the regular elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|1}}

width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|7}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|8}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|9}}
{{Small|Va.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Vacant/active}} | V{{Sub|2}}
{{Small|Tenn.}}
{{Small|DR Loss}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|2}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|19}}
{{Small|Vt.}}
{{Small|Hold}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|17}}
{{Small|R.I.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|16}}
{{Small|Pa.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| rowspan=2 width=10% {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|N.Y.}}
{{Small|Gain}}

colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | Majority →
{{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|7}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|8}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|12}}
{{Small|Conn.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|13}}
{{Small|Del.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|14}}
{{Small|Md.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|18}}
{{Small|Mass.}}
{{Small|Hold}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|15}}
{{Small|N.J.}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

{{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|1}}

valign=top

! Key

|

{| class=wikitable

| align=center {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|#}}

| Democratic-Republican

align=center {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|#}}

| Federalist

align=center {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|#}}

| Vacant

|}

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

= Special elections during the 4th Congress =

In these special elections, the winners were seated before March 4, 1797; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! First elected

Georgia
(class 2)

| George Walton

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1795 {{Small|(Appointed)}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Appointee retired when successor elected.
New senator elected February 20, 1796.
Democratic-Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} Josiah Tattnall (Democratic-Republican)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Connecticut
(class 1)

| Oliver Ellsworth

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1788

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States.
New senator elected May 12, 1796.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} James Hillhouse (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Massachusetts
(class 1)

| George Cabot

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1790

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796.
New senator elected June 11, 1796 on the second ballot.
Federalist hold.
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) 75
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican}}Edward Robbins 65{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.special.1.2.1796}}, citing The Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle (Springfield, MA). June 21, 1796.

}}

Massachusetts
(class 2)

| Caleb Strong

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1788

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1796.
New senator elected June 11, 1796 on the second ballot.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist) 107
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican}}Edward Robbins (Democratic-Republican) 43
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican}}Levi Lincoln (Democratic-Republican) 2
  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}Nathaniel Dane (Federalist) 1
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Thomson J. Skinner (Unknown) 1{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.special.2.1.1796}}, citing Political Gazette (Newburyport, MA). June 16, 1796.

}}

Connecticut
(class 3)

| Jonathan Trumbull Jr.

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1794 or 1795

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 10, 1796, to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
New senator elected October 13, 1796.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Uriah Tracy (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Vermont
(class 1)

| Moses Robinson

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1791 {{Small|(New state)}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796.
New senator elected October 18, 1796.
Federalist gain.
Winner also elected the same day to the next term; see below.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Isaac Tichenor (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New York
(class 3)

| Rufus King

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1789

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned May 23, 1796, to become U.S. Minister to Great Britain.
New senator elected November 9, 1796.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} John Laurance (Federalist) 99
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Zephaniah Platt (Unknown) 1{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= New York 1796 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1796}}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1796. 18. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1796. 12.

}}

New Jersey
(class 2)

| Frederick Frelinghuysen

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1792 or 1793

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1796.
New senator elected November 12, 1796.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Richard Stockton (Federalist) Unanimous{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= New Jersey 1796 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.special.1796 | archive-date= March 6, 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200306225908/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.special.1796 | url-status= dead }}, citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.

}}

Maryland
(class 1)

| Richard Potts

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned October 24, 1796.
New senator elected November 28, 1796.
Federalist hold.
Successor also later elected to the next term; see below.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} John Eager Howard (Federalist)
  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}W. Spriggs (Federalist) 15{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Maryland 1796 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.special.1796}}, citing Charles Carroll to James McHenry. Nov. 28, 1796. Reel 2, Item 990. Charles Carroll Papers. Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore.

}}

South Carolina
(class 2)

| Pierce Butler

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1789

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned October 25, 1796.
New senator elected December 8, 1796.
Democratic-Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} John Hunter (Democratic-Republican) 72
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}John Chestnut (Unknown) 66{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= South Carolina 1796 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1796}}, citing Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 30, 1796.

}}

= Races leading to the 5th Congress =

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1797; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! First elected

Connecticut

| James Hillhouse

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1796 United States Senate special elections in Connecticut

| Incumbent re-elected in 1797.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} James Hillhouse (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Delaware

| Henry Latimer

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1795 United States Senate special election in Delaware

| Incumbent re-elected January 6, 1797.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Henry Latimer (Federalist) 16
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}David Hall (Democratic-Republican) 6{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Delaware 1797 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1797}}, citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1797. 18.

}}

Maryland

| John Eager Howard

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1796.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} John Eager Howard (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Massachusetts

| George Cabot

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1790

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796.
New senator elected June 11, 1796 on the third ballot.
Federalist hold.
Winner also elected to finish the current term; see above.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) 73
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Edward H. Robbins (Unknown){{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.3.1796}}, citing Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle (Springfield, MA). June 21, 1796.

}}

New Jersey

| John Rutherfurd

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1790

| Incumbent re-elected in 1796.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} John Rutherfurd (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New York

| Aaron Burr

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1791

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 24, 1797.
Federalist gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Philip Schuyler (Federalist) 85
  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}James Kent (Federalist) 1{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= New York 1797 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1797}}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1797. 68. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1797. 43-44.

}}

Pennsylvania

| James Ross

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1794 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania

| Incumbent re-elected February 16, 1797.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} James Ross (Federalist) 56
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}William Irvine (Democratic-Republican) 38{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Pennsylvania 1797 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenator.1797 | archive-date= February 19, 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200219130530/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenator.1797 | url-status= dead }}, citing The New World (Philadelphia, PA). February 17, 1797.

}}

Rhode Island

| Theodore Foster

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1790

| Incumbent re-elected in 1797.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Theodore Foster (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Tennessee

| William Cocke

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1796

| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic-Republican loss.
Incumbent later appointed to continue term.{{Biographical Directory of Congress|C000572 | name=William Cocke | date=January 4, 2013 | inline=yes}}

| None

Vermont

| Moses Robinson

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1791 {{Small|(new state)}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796.
New senator elected October 18, 1796.
Federalist gain.
Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Isaac Tichenor (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Virginia

| Stevens Mason

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1794 United States Senate special elections in Virginia

| Incumbent re-elected November 29, 1796.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican) 114
  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}James Breckinridge (Federalist) 60{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Virginia 1796 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenator.1796}}, citing The Virginia Argus (Richmond, VA). December 2, 1796.

}}

= Special elections during the 5th Congress =

In these special elections, the winners were elected after the March 4, 1797 beginning of the next Congress.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! First elected

Tennessee
(class 1)

| William Cocke

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1796

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost re-election.
New senator elected September 26, 1797.
Democratic-Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 20
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}William Cocke (Democratic-Republican) 13{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= January 30, 2018 | title= Tennessee 1797 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.2.1797}}, citing Commercial Advertiser (New York, NY). November 11, 1797.

}}

Tennessee
(class 2)

| William Blount

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-
Republican

| 1796

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent expelled July 8, 1797.{{Biographical Directory of Congress|B000570 | name=William Blount | date=January 4, 2013 | inline=yes}}
New senator elected September 26, 1797.
Democratic-Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 33
  • Unopposed

}}

Vermont
(class 1)

| Isaac Tichenor

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1796 United States Senate special election in Vermont

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned October 17, 1797, to become Governor of Vermont.
New senator elected October 17, 1797.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Rhode Island
(class 2)

| William Bradford

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1793

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned in October 1797.
New senator elected November 13, 1797.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} Ray Greene (Federalist)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Maryland
(class 3)

| John Henry

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist

| 1788

| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned July 10, 1797, to become Governor of Maryland.
New senator elected December 8, 1797.
Federalist hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{Aye}} James Lloyd (Federalist) Majority of one vote only{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 4, 2018 | title= Maryland 1797 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.ussenator.1797}}, citing Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 13, 1797.

}}

Connecticut

{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut|1796 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut}}

= Connecticut (regular) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate election in Connecticut}}

{{Expand section|date=September 2020}}

= Connecticut (special, class 1) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special elections in Connecticut}}

{{Expand section|date=September 2020}}

= Connecticut (special, class 3) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special elections in Connecticut}}

{{Expand section|date=September 2020}}

Delaware

{{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware|1796 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware}}

{{Main|1797 United States Senate election in Delaware}}

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Georgia (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia|1796 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia}}

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special election in Georgia}}

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Maryland

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}

= Maryland (special, 1796) =

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{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = F6D6C9

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Federalist Party

| candidate1 = John Eager Howard

| image1 = Johneagerhoward.jpg

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 =

| percentage2 =

| party2 =

| candidate2 =

| image2 =

| next_year = 1796

| next_election = 1796 United States Senate election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1793

| previous_election = 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = 1796

| ongoing = no

| type = presidential

}}

John Eager Howard won election to fill the seat vacated by Richard Potts by an unknown number of votes, for the Class 1 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122401|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 00, 1795|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

= Maryland (regular) =

{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1796 United States Senate election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = F6D6C9

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Federalist Party

| candidate1 = John Eager Howard

| image1 = Johneagerhoward.jpg

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 = AACC99

| percentage2 =

| party2 = Democratic-Republican Party

| candidate2 = Richard Sprigg Jr.

| image2 =

| next_year = 1802

| next_election = 1802 United States Senate election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1796

| previous_election = 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = 1796

| ongoing = no

| type = presidential

}}

John Eager Howard won re-election over Richard Sprigg Jr. by an unknown number of votes, for the Class 1 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122400|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 21, 1796|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

= Maryland (special, 1797) =

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}

{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1797 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = 45

| colour1 = F6D6C9

| percentage1 = 50.56%

| party1 = Federalist Party

| candidate1 = James Lloyd

| image1 =

| popular_vote2 = 44

| colour2 = AACC99

| percentage2 = 49.44%

| party2 = Democratic-Republican Party

| candidate2 = William Winder

| image2 =

| next_year = 1800

| next_election = 1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1795

| previous_election = 1795 United States Senate election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = December 8, 1797

| ongoing = no

| type = presidential

}}

James Lloyd won election over William Winder by a margin of 1.12%, or 1 vote, for the Class 3 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122328|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 08, 1797|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

Massachusetts

{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts|1796–1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts}}

= Massachusetts (regular) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}}

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= Massachusetts (special, class 1) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special elections in Massachusetts}}

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= Massachusetts (special, class 2) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special elections in Massachusetts}}

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New Jersey

{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey|1797 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey}}

= New Jersey (regular) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate election in New Jersey}}

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= New Jersey (special) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}}

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New York

{{See also|List of United States senators from New York|1796 United States House of Representatives elections in New York}}

= New York (regular) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate election in New York}}

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= New York (special) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special election in New York}}

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Pennsylvania

{{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania}}

{{Main|1797 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}}

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Rhode Island

{{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island|1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island}}

= Rhode Island (regular) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate election in Rhode Island}}

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= Rhode Island (special) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island}}

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South Carolina (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina|1796 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina}}

{{Main|1796 United States Senate special election in South Carolina}}

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Tennessee

{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee|1796 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee|1797 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee}}

= Tennessee (initial) =

{{Main|1796 United States Senate elections in Tennessee}}

Tennessee became a state June 1, 1796 and elected its new senators August 2, 1796.

= Tennessee (special, class 1) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee}}

The term of the initially-elected senator, Democratic-Republican William Cocke, ended March 3, 1797 and the Tennessee legislature failed to elect a senator for the new term. The Governor of Tennessee, therefore, appointed Cocke to begin the term, pending a special election. Cocke, however, lost that October 6, 1798 special election to Democratic-Republican Andrew Jackson.

= Tennessee (special, class 2) =

{{Main|1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee}}

Democratic-Republican William Blount was expelled July 8, 1797 for conspiracy with the Kingdom of Great Britain. Democratic-Republican Joseph Anderson was elected September 26, 1797 to finish Blount's term.

Vermont

File:Nathaniel Chipman (US Senator from Vermont).jpg]]

File:Isaac Tichenor.jpg]]

{{See also|List of United States senators from Vermont|1796–1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont}}

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Moses Robinson resigned October 15, 1796.

Federalist Isaac Tichenor was elected October 18, 1796, both to finish Robinson's term and to the new term that would begin March 4, 1797. However, Tichenor resigned just one year later, October 17, 1797, to become Governor of Vermont. Federalist Nathaniel Chipman was then elected October 17, 1797, to finish the term.

= Vermont (special, 1796) =

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= Vermont (regular) =

{{Expand section|date=September 2020}}

= Vermont (special, 1797) =

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Virginia

{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia|1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia}}

{{Main|1796 United States Senate election in Virginia}}

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See also

References

  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov

{{Reflist}}

{{United States Senate elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1796-97 United States Senate elections}}