1800 in Canada

• Monarch: George III{{cite web |date=31 December 2015 |title=George III |url=https://www.royal.uk/george-iii-r-1760-1820 |access-date=18 April 2016 |website=Official website of the British monarchy |publisher=Royal Household}}

• Parliament of Lower Canada: 2nd (until June 4)
• Parliament of Upper Canada: 2nd (until July 4)

• Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
• Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
• Governor of Nova Scotia: John Wentworth
• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Charles Morice Pole
• Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

• Alexander Mackenzie, the explorer, joins XY Company.{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Jennifer |date=7 February 2016 |title=XY Company |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/xy-company |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}
• April – United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland.
• May 30 – Bar of Quebec is founded.
• August – Upper Canada expands westward and further into the interior, as the first settlers arrive at the upper Grand River.{{Cite DCB |last=Schmidt |first=Grace |title=Betzner, Samuel D. |volume=8 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/betzner_samuel_d_8E.html}}
• October 1 – Spain cedes Louisiana back to France.{{Cite web |title=The Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/louisiana-european-explorations-and-the-louisiana-purchase/articles-and-essays/the-louisiana-purchase/#:~:text=Napoleonic%20France%20Acquires%20Louisiana,secret%20Treaty%20of%20San%20Ildefonso. |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Library of Congress}}

• January 3 – Etienne-Michel Faillon, Catholic historian (d.1870)
• August 22 – Edward Barron Chandler, politician (d.1880)
• October 21 – René-Édouard Caron, 2nd Mayor of Quebec City and 2nd Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec (d.1876)
• October 22 – James Ferrier, merchant, politician and 4th Mayor of Montreal (d.1888)
• November 21 – William Agar Adamson, Church of England clergyman and author (d.1868)

• March 16 – Jean-Joseph Casot, last jesuit in Canada.

List of wars between England and France since 1116 counts 242 years of warfare in 687-year period"July 6. The following[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268322 Num. 1848] (September 25, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024

Monthly record of British military deployment shows 2 ships of the line, 7 frigates, 6 sloops and 5 infantry regiments in America and Newfoundland"London, June 1," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268313 Num. 1843] (August 21, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 9 April 2024

Newly signed "Convention of Amity and Commerce between France and the United States" has "maxims" supporting neutrality and "regulations of 1778""Paris, October 3," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268334 Num. 1857] (November 27, 1800), pgs. 1–2. (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268336 update] ("New York, 15 Nov." pg. 4) that treaty postpones settlement of past differences "till peace in Europe") Accessed 10 April 2024

German professors experiment with beets producing sugar; their "process, which they are about to publish, is easy, and by no means expensive""London, October 23," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268271 Num. 1820] Cahier 1 (March 13, 1800), pg. 1. Accessed 4 April 2024

Montreal petitioners ask Assembly to legalize slavery of "Negroes and Panis," including recognizing enslaved as property and regulating them"A Petition of divers inhabitants of the District of Montreal[....]" (read April 18, 1800), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00938_8/150 pgs. 150], 152, 154, 156. Accessed 3 April 2024

Notice of death of Father Casot, last Jesuit in L.C., notes his charity toward poor people and calls his loss "a public calamity""On Sunday last[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268273 Num. 1821] Cahier 1 (March 20, 1800), pg. 3 (bottom). Accessed 4 April 2024

Assembly asks British government to dedicate former Jesuit property to education in order to preserve population's attachment to Constitution"The order of the day being read[....]" (April 18, 1800), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00938_8/162 pgs. 162], 164, 166. Accessed 3 April 2024

George Heriot, deputy postmaster general for British North America, announces and seeks support for monthly winter postal link with Upper Canada"Notice is hereby given[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268333 Num. 1856] (November 20, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024

Partners bringing spring water to Montreal area seek charter, supported by Montrealers who find St. Lawrence River water "impure in the extreme""Tuesday, 18th March, 1800; A Petition of certain Maitres de Poste(....), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00938_8/48 48], 50, 52. Accessed 28 March 2024

Death of shipbuilder Patrick Beatson "will be severely felt by a great number of Mechanics as his extensive concerns[...]are as yet unrivalled""Quebec, December 11, 1800," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268338 Num. 1859] (December 11, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024

Any man suing another man for latter's "criminal conversation" with former's wife does not need to prove latter man guilty of adultery[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/declaratory-act-respecting-actions-criminal-conversation-29th-may-1800 A Declaratory Act respecting Actions for Criminal Conversation] (1800), 40 George III Chapter 7, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 25 March 2024

Christians: "[...]examine your thoughts, words, and actions [for faults], especially after much business, speaking, &c.[....]"[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.41697/13 "Necessary Rules for a Christian"] The Sincere Catholick's Companion (Quebec, 1800, Second edition; unpaginated), image 13. Accessed 27 March 2024

New York medical journal says Quebec man plans to publish on "how far the laws of Chemical Action" explain "Phenomena of organic matter""Quebec, Wednesday, 25th June, 1800; Extract[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268299 Num. 1835] Cahier 1 (June 26, 1800), pg. 2. (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268309 notice of publication] (in French; pg. 4) of this work) Accessed 9 April 2024

Every 6th Regiment soldier must have permission to sell any clothing, equipment or arms, and anyone buying from one or his wife will be prosecuted"Notice is Hereby Given," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268318 Num. 1846] Cahier 1 (September 11, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 10 April 2024

"Very great rise in the price of paper, wages and the necessaries of life" since Gazette's 1764 debut means subscription rises from $3 to $4 annually"Notice" (April 25, 1800), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268283 Num. 1827] Cahier 1 (May 1, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 5 April 2024

Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi and Wendat sell 1,380 acres along Detroit River in area of what is now Sandwich and Amherstburg for £300 in goods[https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls12 "Treaty No. 12"] (September 11, 1800), Treaty Texts - Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Accessed 11 April 2024

Mother and daughter each given 1,200 acres of land "as the wife & daughter of an executive Counciller;" he and family have 20,000 acres in total

"Smith, David William; Undated Upper Canada Land Petition[...]1800" (read December 16, 1800), [https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers/upper-canada-land-petitions/petitions-s/petitions-smith-abraham-to-jesse Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Smith, Abraham to Jesse"] Accessed 12 April 2024

Daughter of United Empire Loyalist petitions for 200 acres "to put her on a footing with others of her description""Fisher, Elizabeth (Overholt)," (July 9, 1800), [https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers/upper-canada-land-petitions/petitions-f/petitions-felker-to-fitzgerald Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Felker to Fitzgerald"] Accessed 12 April 2024

Lt. Gov. Peter Hunter says calling legislature in late spring is inconvenient and will end when "Roads which communicate with the Capital" open"York, (Upper Canada) Saturday, June 7; Tho' I have called you together[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268303 Num. 1837] Cahier 1 (July 10, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 9 April 2024

N.S. juries have decided so often against enslavers, says New Brunswick lawyer, that "masters" have turned to "limited service by indenture""VI. What is the law of this Province respecting the slavery of Negroes?; When this shall be proved, the next inquiry will be in the legality of it.[...]," Brief; Supreme Court, New Brunswick[...]1800, George III, quoted in [https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/forthavoc/html/Loyalists-and-Slavery-in-NB.aspx?culture=en-CA The Loyalists and Slavery in New Brunswick] (1898; unpaginated), Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Accessed 27 March 2024

Lt. Gov. Wentworth calls Maroons "deluded deceived people [leaving] Health, Comfort, and prosperity" of N.S. (Note: racial stereotypes)"Letter from Sir John Wentworth to Richard Molesworth" (January 15, 1800), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/african-heritage/archives/?ID=4&Page=200402113 pg. 2] Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 15 April 2024

Halifax naval personnel find evidence of shipwreck deaths on Sable Island; suggestion follows to locate 2 or 3 lifesaving families on island"Halifax, June 5," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268308 Num. 1840] (July 31, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 9 April 2024

Clare Township Acadians oppose "reunion" of land they inhabit to Weymouth Parish across Sissiboo River, dividing them "one from another"[https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1864&Doc=memorial "Clare, Inhabitants of – 1800 – Digby County"] (September 1, 1800), Nova Scotia Land Papers 1765-1800. Accessed 27 March 2024

Letter-to-the-Editor suggests many wells be dug to fight drought in Halifax and protect it from fires both in "the Country around" and in town"Mr. Henry," The Royal Gazette and Nova-Scotia Advertiser (August 26, 1800), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18000826&printsec=frontpage Number 647] pg. 3, 3rd column. Accessed 26 March 2024

Optical telegraph system is set up across province from Halifax to Annapolis with plans to extend it to New Brunswick[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1351&level=2 "Letter from Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow"] (February 3, 1800), pg. 3, University of New Brunswick. (See also [https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1375&level=2 details] of extending telegraph) Accessed 29 March 2024

"Negro Girl [for lease], Aged 18 years, good natured, fond of Children and accustomed to both Town and Country work"[https://novascotia.ca/archives/Africanns/archives.asp?ID=60 "For Sale for a Term of Years(....)"] (June 23, 1800), Nova Scotia Archives. (Other source: [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18000624&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette] pg. 3) Accessed 11 April 2024

Edward Winslow considers road to Lower Canada "essential to the safety & prosperity of these provinces," and worth fighting U.S.A. for[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1383&level=2 "Letter from (Edward Winslow) to (Sir John Wentworth)"] (June 24, 1800), pgs. 2, 4, University of New Brunswick. Accessed 29 March 2024

Winslow says many Loyalists given land grants "were idle, dissipated and capricious, [selling land] for a trifle to Land-jobbers and speculators"[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1354&level=2 "Letter from Edward Winslow to E.G. Lutwyche"] (March 1, 1800), pg. 3, University of New Brunswick. Accessed 29 March 2024

Lt. Gov. Carleton says "Settlement [up St. John River] has made it necessary to be the more on our guard against any hostile[...]Savages"[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1350&level=2 "Letter from Thomas Carleton to Edward, Duke of Kent"] (February 3, 1800), pg. 2, University of New Brunswick. Accessed 29 March 2024

Ward Chipman's point-by-point brief supports client Nancy's Supreme Court case against her enslaver, arguing right of slavery is not lawful[https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/chipman/20231127193543/https://web.lib.unb.ca/Texts/NBHistory/chipman/chipman.html Court Transcript of an Anti-Slavery Case, Fredericton NB, 1800] University of New Brunswick Libraries. (See also [https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/forthavoc/html/Loyalists-and-Slavery-in-NB.aspx?culture=en-CA Letter of Ward Chipman to S.S. Blowers] ("27th February, 1800" - scroll down unpaginated text to this date) with brief description of court's judgment; note: this source also contains Chipman's brief) Accessed 3 April 2024

Listing of N.B. produce (masts, lumber, fish etc.) en route to West Indies and Britain in some of 31 new ships out of Saint John port this year"Saint John, Friday, December 19, 1800; The Coroner's Inquest[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18001219&printsec=frontpage No. 91] (December 19, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 3 April 2024

Guilty of grand larceny, "the old offender, Martha Malone, [is sentenced to] 39 lashes in presence of a female only," and 2 years hard labour"Saint John, Sept. 19; The Annual Circuit Court[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000919&printsec=frontpage No. 78] (September 19, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 1 April 2024

John McKinnon has "prevailed with his Wife Ann to return to him under an engagement on his part that she shall not have any cause of fear""Notice" (August 22, 1800), The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000829&printsec=frontpage No. 65] (August 29, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024

"The Coroner's Inquest sat on the body of Mary Austin, an unfortunate woman, found dead in the street - Verdict, accidental death""Saint John, Friday, December 12, 1800; The Coroner's Inquest[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18001212&printsec=frontpage No. 90] (December 12, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 3 April 2024

A. Paddock and two others, "informed that there is a very great probability that the Small Pox will soon appear" in Saint John, offer inoculations"Small Pox" (June 13, 1800), The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000613&printsec=frontpage No. 65] (June 13, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024

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Physician John Caleff describes outbreak of smallpox in St. Andrews in last two months affecting more than 500 people but with only 3 deaths[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1413&level=2 "Letter from Dr. John Caleff to Colonel Hailes"] (July 24, 1800), University of New Brunswick. Accessed 29 March 2024

Patent medicine: "Vermifuge Lozenges for destroying worms[,] Volatile Tincture; An immediate Cure for the TOOTH ACHE[,] Infallible German Corn Plaister"The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000509&printsec=frontpage No. 59] (May 9, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024

Anonymous writer advises treating fevers by keeping "the intestines open with Castor Oil;[...]or the Pyrment waters with Vitriolic acid and Aromatics"The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000516&printsec=frontpage No. 60] (May 16, 1800), pg. 3 (2nd column). Accessed 1 April 2024

Call for dissertation on chapters of Revelation "proving that Jacobinism is the Eighth Head of the Beast, and Voltaire the Number of the Beast""Proposals[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18001205&printsec=frontpage No. 89] (December 5, 1800), pg. 3 (2nd column). Accessed 3 April 2024

Cornerstone of Assembly and law courts building laid; it will combine "the principles of utility, œconomy and elegance in the highest degree""The St. John Gazette; We hear from Fredericton[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000613&printsec=frontpage No. 65] (June 13, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 1 April 2024

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Fashions: "Small round caps with very narrow lace borders [–] a peculiar appearance of buxom beauty[,]" scarlet cashmere cloaks, short-waisted coats"Fashions - London," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000530&printsec=frontpage No. 62] (May 30, 1800), pg. 4 (2nd column). (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18001010&printsec=frontpage list] (pg. 3, 3rd column) of walking dresses and head dresses, and [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Azgs6IHzeyYC&dat=18000627&printsec=frontpage report] (pg. 3, 3rd column) that 18 ladies wearing muslin undresses have caught fire and 18,000 caught cold) Accessed 1 April 2024

"The Newfoundland Fishery has been highly successful last season; the Venus navigated by five men, caught 80,000 Cod"The Royal Gazette and Nova-Scotia Advertiser (July 1, 1800), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18000701&printsec=frontpage Number 647] pg. 2, 3rd column. Accessed 26 March 2024

France's Newfoundland fishery, once four times bigger than England's, is now nearly gone and "almost exclusivly in possession of the English""London; Oct. 19," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268262 Num. 1815] Cahier 1 (February 6, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 4 April 2024

Missionary makes chart of coast as far as Hudson Bay from Inuit accounts, including "dwelling places, rivers, bays and woods" and anchorages[https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32807/rec/2 "From Okkak, September 5, 1800; Among our visitors last winter(....)"] "Letters from Labrador[....]," Periodical Accounts Relating to the Missions of the Church of the United Brethren Established among the Heathen, No. XXX, pg. 468, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 11 April 2024

Solomon says "[...]I cannot regain that state of mind I enjoyed, when I was baptized. There is[...]a dark shadow between me and our Savior"[https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32778/rec/2 "Extracts from the last Diaries received from the Coast of Labrador; January 4th (1800)"] Periodical Accounts Relating to the Missions of the Church of the United Brethren Established among the Heathen, No. XXX, pg. 441, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 11 April 2024

Indigenous woman and 5 children walk 9 days to York Factory after losing her husband; she reports others unable to walk, but no one at Y.F. can help"1800 Dec'r 4th," [https://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M9/B3-A-105.pdf "York Factory - Post Journal; 1800–1801"] (frame 19). Accessed 12 April 2024

Three teenage boys (including chief factor's son), "Educated and Brought up in the [Albany] Factory," apprentice to shipwright, carpenter and cooper"[November] 17th [1799]," [https://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M9/B3-A-104.pdf "Albany - Post Journal; 1800–1801"] (frame 9). Accessed 12 April 2024

Union of Ireland and Britain "arrests much of the public attention in both kingdoms" and acrimony characterizes debate in Irish Parliament"Boston, April 14; The union of Ireland with Great Britain[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268285 Num. 1828] Cahier 1 (May 8, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 5 April 2024

Commons supply committee expends from £7,960 (Upper Canada) to £1,640 (Newfoundland) for civil government; compare £39.5 million budget"House of Common - Feb. 22; Committee of Supply," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268289 Num. 1830] Cahier 1 (May 22, 1800), pg. 1. Accessed 5 April 2024

Men of Rocky Mountain Fort fire muskets at dawn on New Year's Day and receive 2 drams of rum and half-fathom (3 feet) of tobacco each"Tues. 1st Jan'y 1800," "Journal of the Rocky Mountain Fort / Fall 1799," [https://digital.scaa.sk.ca/ourlegacy/solr?query=ID%3A26315&start=0&rows=10&mode=view&pos=0&page=31 Image 31] University of Saskatchewan Libraries. (See also [https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/nwc/data/Mftp/0016/5_tei2web/Pg013.html James McKenzie's list] of celebration expenses) Accessed 11 April 2024

U.S. commissioners find 49 "refugees" from British North America during American Revolution are entitled to shares of 33,500 acres made availableJames McHenry and 2 others, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.42591/9 "Report"] (May 8, 1800), Letter from the Commissioners[...]for the Relief of the Refugees from the British Provinces of Canada and Nova Scotia, image 9. Accessed 26 March 2024

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