1880 in Canada

• Monarch – Victoria{{cite web |title=Queen Victoria {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victoria# |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |access-date=5 December 2022}}

• Governor General – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
• Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
• Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
• Parliament – 4th

• Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Albert Norton Richards
• Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
• Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Edward Barron Chandler (until February 6) then Robert Duncan Wilmot (from February 11)
• Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
• Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Donald Alexander Macdonald (until July 1) then John Beverley Robinson
• Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Thomas Heath Haviland
• Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Théodore Robitaille

==== Premiers ====

• Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
• Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay
• Premier of New Brunswick – John James Fraser
• Premier of Nova Scotia – Simon Hugh Holmes
• Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
• Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
• Premier of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

• Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
• Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – David Laird

• February 4 – Five members of the Donnelly family are killed near Lucan, Ontario.
• February 14 – The wife of the governor general, The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, is seriously injured when the viceregal sleigh overturns on a Rudolph Ottawa street.
• March 25 – George Brown fatally shot by a disgruntled employee.
• May 4 – Edward Blake becomes the new leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
• June 24 – "O Canada" first performed.
• July 16 – The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts is established.
• October 9 – The United Kingdom gives Canada control of the Arctic Archipelago.

• Emily Stowe becomes the first woman doctor to practise medicine in Canada
• Sanford Fleming becomes chancellor of Queen's University
• Bell Canada founded
• Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). British-backed Canadian firm, headed by US railroad building genius (Sir William Cornelius Van Horne) gets the deal: $25 million, {{convert|25|e6acre|km2}}, already completed sections free, all under-construction sections finished free, 20 year monopoly as only railway and 20-year control over rate-setting.
• The Varsity, created.

• March 6 – The Royal Academy for the Arts is founded.

• Charles G.D. Roberts, Orion and Other Poems

• January 17 – Mack Sennett, actor, producer, screenwriter and film director (d.1960)
• January 18 – Richard Squires, politician and Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d.1940)
• March 22 – Allison Dysart, politician, lawyer, judge and 21st Premier of New Brunswick (d.1962)
• April 13 – Charles Christie, motion picture studio owner (d.1955)
• August 6 – Leland Payson Bancroft, politician (d.1951)
• August 12 – Jacob Penner, politician (d.1965)
• August 14 – Percival Molson, athlete and soldier (d.1917)
• August 29 – Marie-Louise Meilleur, supercentenarian, the oldest validated Canadian ever (d.1998)
• October 12 – Healey Willan, organist and composer (d.1968)
• October 27 – Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough, businessman, politician and Governor General of Canada (d.1956)

• January 19 – James Westcott, American-born United States Senator from Florida from 1845 till 1849 (born 1802)
• February 6 – Edward Barron Chandler, politician (b.1800)
• May 9 – George Brown, journalist, politician and one of the Fathers of the Confederation (b.1818)
• June 12 – William Evan Price, businessman and politician (b.1827)
• October 8 – Caleb Hopkins, farmer and politician (b.1785)
• October 18 – Luc-Hyacinthe Masson, physician, businessman and politician (b.1811)
• December 8 – Charles Fisher, politician and 1st Premier of the Colony of New Brunswick (b.1808)
• December 24 – David Christie, politician (b.1818)

Statute creates Canadian Pacific Railway as government-supported private company for benefit of B.C. and N.W.T.[http://members.kos.net/sdgagnon/cpa.html An Act Respecting the Canadian Pacific Railway] Accessed 14 October 2019

Chief Ocean Man and another Nakoda (Stoney) describe attack on their people by Gros Ventre and Mandan from U.S. side of border[https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1881/d347 "No. 343; (letter of) Sir Edward Thornton to Mr. (Wm. M.) Evarts(, Department of State, Washington)"] Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States[....] (1882), pgs. 570-72. Accessed 8 December 2019 [https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1881/d354 Subsequent correspondence]

British order-in-council transfers Arctic islands to Dominion of Canada

Gordon W. Smith, [https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66710/50623 "The Transfer of Arctic Territories from Great Britain to Canada(...)"] Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1961), pgs. 62-3. Accessed 14 October 2019

Using words like "terrible evil" and "usurpation," Anti-Chinese Association petitions British Columbia legislature to stop Chinese immigration[https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/chung/chungtext/items/1.0354902 "Petition"] (April 12, 1880), University of British Columbia Library. Accessed 16 June 2024

Editorial on complaints of French-Canadians[http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3557130 "A Morbid Nationalism"] Canadian Illustrated News (November 11, 1880), pg. 2. Accessed 27 September 2019

Walt Whitman calls Thousand Islands most beautiful place on Earth[http://archive.org/stream/waltwhitmansdiar00whituoft#page/24/mode/1up Walt Whitman's Diary in Canada] (1904), pgs. 24-5. Accessed 27 September 2019

To avoid bankruptcy caused by westward expansion, Canada must declare independenceWilliam Norris, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lsYhAQAAIAAJ&dq=Canada&pg=PA113 "Canadian Nationality; A Present-Day Plea"] Rose-Belford's Canadian Monthly and National Review (February 1880), pgs. 113-18. Accessed 23 April 2020

Britain gifts part of {{HMS|Resolute|1850|6}} to U.S. for saving that Arctic exploration ship

United States Department of State, [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS188081v01&isize=L&submit=Go+to+page&page=525 Index to the Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the Third Session of the Forty-Sixth Congress, 1880-'81] (No. 354, August 26, 1880), pg. 525. Accessed 27 September 2019

Painting: Trapper approaches animal caught in leghold trapHarry Bullock-Webster, [https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bullock/items/1.0045042 "Got 'im at last; Fort McLeod 1880"] (Fort McLeod, B.C.). Accessed 27 June 2021

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Category:Years of the 19th century in Canada