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1844–45 United States Senate elections#Maryland

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2016}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1844–45 United States Senate elections

| country = United States

| flag_year = 1837

| type = legislative

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1842–43 United States Senate elections

| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1842 & 1843}}

| next_election = 1846–47 United States Senate elections

| next_year = {{Nowrap|1846 & 1847}}

| seats_for_election = 18 of the 54 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)

| election_date = Various dates

| image_size = 100px

| majority_seats = 28

| 1blank = Seats up

| party1 = Democratic Party (US)

| image1 =

| last_election1 = 23 seats

| seats_before1 = 23

| seats1 = 8

| seats_after1 = 27

| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 3

| 1data1 = 5

| party2 = Whig Party (US)

| image2 =

| last_election2 = 27 seats

| seats_before2 = 27

| seats2 = 8

| seats_after2 = 24

| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3

| 1data2 = 11

| party3 = Law and Order Party (US)

| last_election3 = New party

| seats_before3 = 1

| seats3 = 0

| seats_after3 = 0

| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 1

| 1data3 = 1

| title = Majority Party

| before_election =

| before_party = Whig Party (US)

| after_election =

| after_party = Democratic Party (US)

| map_image = File:1844senatemap.svg

| map_caption = Results:
{{Legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{Legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}}
{{Legend0|#c49213|Whig gain}}

{{Legend0|#f3d586|Whig hold}}
{{legend0|#000000|Legislature failed to elect}}

}}

The 1844–45 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with James K. Polk's election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1844 and 1845, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}

In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Democratic Party re-captured control of the Senate, gaining a net total of eleven seats from the Whigs.

Results summary

Senate party division, 29th Congress (1845–1847)

  • Majority party: Democratic (26–31)
  • Minority party: Whig (24)
  • Other parties: (0–1)
  • Vacant: (4–2)
  • Total seats: 54–58

Change in Senate composition

= Before the elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=4 |

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|6}}

width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|16}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|15}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|14}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|13}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|12}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|11}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|10}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|9}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|8}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|7}}

{{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|17}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|19}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Retired}}

! {{Party shading/Law and Order active}} | LO{{Sub|1}}
{{Small|Retired}}

! rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|27}}
{{Small|Retired}}

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →
{{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|17}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|18}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|19}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Ran}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Unknown}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Unknown}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Retired}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Retired}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|25}}
{{Small|Retired}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|26}}
{{Small|Retired}}

{{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|16}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|15}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|14}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|13}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|12}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|8}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|7}}

colspan=4 |

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|6}}

= Result of the elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|7}}

width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|17}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|16}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|15}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|14}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|13}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|12}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|11}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|10}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|9}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|8}}

{{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|19}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|25}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|26}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|27}}
{{Small|Gain}}

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →
{{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|18}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|19}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! {{Party shading/Vacant active}} | V{{Sub|1}}
{{Small|W Loss}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant active}} | V{{Sub|2}}
{{Small|New seat}}

! {{Party shading/Vacant active}} | V{{Sub|3}}
{{Small|New seat}}

{{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|17}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|16}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|15}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|14}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|13}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|12}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|8}}

colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|7}}

= Beginning of the next Congress =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|7}}

width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|17}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|16}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|15}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|14}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|13}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|12}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|11}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|10}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|9}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|8}}

{{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|19}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|20}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|21}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|22}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|23}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|24}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|25}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|26}}

! rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Vacant active}} | V{{Sub|4}}
{{Small|D Loss}}

colspan=9 align=right | Majority ↑
{{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|19}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|20}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|21}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|22}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|23}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|24}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|3}}

{{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|17}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|16}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|15}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|14}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|13}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|12}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|8}}

colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|7}}

= Beginning of the first session of the next Congress (December 1, 1845) =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|7}}

width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|17}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|16}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|15}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|14}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|13}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|12}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|11}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|10}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|9}}

| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|8}}

{{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|19}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|20}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|21}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|22}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|23}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|25}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|26}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|27}}
{{Small|Gain}}

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

! rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|28}}
{{Small|Gain}}

{{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|18}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|19}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|20}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|21}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|22}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Whig active}} | W{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Hold}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|30}}
{{Small|Gain}}

! {{Party shading/Democratic active}} | D{{Sub|29}}
{{Small|Gain}}

{{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|17}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|16}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|15}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|14}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|13}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|12}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|11}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|10}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|9}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|8}}

colspan=3 |

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|1}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|2}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|3}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|4}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|5}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|6}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|7}}

valign=top

! Key:

|

{| class=wikitable

align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Democratic}} | D{{Sub|#}}

| Democratic

align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Law and Order}} | LO{{Sub|#}}

| Law and Order

align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Whig}} | W{{Sub|#}}

| Whig

align=center width=35px {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|#}}

| Vacant

|}

Race summaries

= Special elections during the 28th Congress =

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1844 or in 1845 before March 4; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Rhode Island
(Class 1)

| William Sprague

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1842 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island

| {{Party shading/Law and Order}} | Incumbent resigned January 17, 1844.
New senator elected January 25, 1844.
Law and Order gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Law and Order Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John B. Francis (Law and Order) 67 votes
  • {{Party stripe|Liberation}} Christopher Spencer (Liberation) 26 votes{{cite book |author=J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State |date=1914 |title=Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914 |series=State of Rhode Island manual |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924106096948&view=1up&seq=191&skin=2021 |location=Providence, RI |publisher=E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers |page=149 }}{{cite news |author= |date=January 29, 1844 |title=Rhode Island |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016317/1844-01-29/ed-1/seq-2/ |work=The Whig standard |location=Washington, D.C. |page=2 |access-date=27 November 2021}}

}}

Louisiana
(Class 3)

| Alexander Porter

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1833 United States Senate special election in Louisiana
1837 {{Small|(resigned)}}
1843

| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent died January 13, 1844.
New senator elected February 12, 1844.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Henry Johnson (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Arkansas
(Class 2)

| William S. Fulton

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1836 United States Senate elections in Arkansas
1840

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent died August 15, 1844.
New senator elected November 8, 1844.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Chester Ashley (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New York
(Class 1)

| Daniel S. Dickinson

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1844 {{Small|(appointed)}}

| Appointee elected January 18, 1845.
Winner was later be elected to the next term; see below.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

New York
(Class 3)

| Henry A. Foster

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1844 {{Small|(appointed)}}

| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Appointee retired or lost election.
New senator elected January 18, 1845.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

= Races leading to the 29th Congress =

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1845; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

class="wikitable"
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Connecticut

| Jabez W. Huntington

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1840 United States Senate special election in Connecticut

| Incumbent re-elected in 1844 or 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Jabez W. Huntington (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Delaware

| Richard H. Bayard

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1836 United States Senate special election in Delaware
1838 or 1839
1839 {{Small|(resigned)}}
1841 United States Senate special election in Delaware

| {{party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1845.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John M. Clayton (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Florida

| colspan=3 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | Florida was admitted March 3, 1845, but elected its first Class 1 senator late, during the next Congress.
Seat remained vacant.

| None.

Indiana

| Albert White

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1838

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1844.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Jesse D. Bright (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Maine

| John Fairfield

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1843 United States Senate special election in Maine

| Incumbent re-elected in 1844 or 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John Fairfield (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Maryland

| William Merrick

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1838 United States Senate special election in Maryland
1839

| {{party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1844 or 1845.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Reverdy Johnson (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Massachusetts

| Rufus Choate

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, February 1841

| {{party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1845.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Daniel Webster (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Michigan

| Augustus S. Porter

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1840 United States Senate special election in Michigan

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1844 or 1845.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Lewis Cass (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Mississippi

| John Henderson

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1838

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost.
New senator elected in 1844.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Jesse Speight (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Missouri

| Thomas H. Benton

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1821
1827
1833
1839

| Incumbent re-elected in 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Thomas H. Benton (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New Jersey

| William L. Dayton

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1842 {{Small|(appointed)}}
? {{Small|(special)}}

| Incumbent re-elected in 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

New York

| Daniel S. Dickinson

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1844 {{Small|(appointed)}}
1845 United States Senate special elections in New York

| Incumbent re-elected February 4, 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

Ohio

| Benjamin Tappan

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1838

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 5, 1844.{{sfn|Taylor & Taylor | p=215, vol I}}
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

Pennsylvania

| Daniel Sturgeon

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1840

| Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Daniel Sturgeon (Democratic) 54.14%
  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}James Cooper (Whig) 36.84%
  • {{Party stripe|Know Nothing}}John Ashmead (Know Nothing) 3.76%
  • {{Party stripe|Know Nothing}}E. W. Keyser (Know Nothing) 1.50%
  • {{Party stripe|Know Nothing}}Jacob Broom (Know Nothing) 0.75%
  • {{Party stripe|Know Nothing}}E. C. Reigert (Know Nothing) 0.75%
  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}John Sergeant (Whig) 0.75%
  • Not voting 1.50%

}}

Rhode Island

| John B. Francis

| {{party shading/Law and Order}} | Law and Order

| 1844 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1844 or 1845.
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Albert C. Greene (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Tennessee

| Ephraim H. Foster

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1838 United States Senate special election in Tennessee
1839 {{Small|(re-elected, but resigned)}}
1843 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1844.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Hopkins L. Turney (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Vermont

| Samuel S. Phelps

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1839

| Incumbent re-elected in 1845.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Samuel S. Phelps (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Virginia

| William C. Rives

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1832 United States Senate special election in Virginia
1834 {{Small|(resigned)}}
1836 United States Senate special election in Virginia
1839 {{Small|(failure to elect)}}
1841 United States Senate special election in Virginia

| {{party shading/Loss}} | Legislature failed to elect.
Whig loss.

| {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

= Special elections during the 29th Congress =

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1845 after March 4; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Pennsylvania
(Class 3)

| James Buchanan

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1834 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania
1836
1843

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 5, 1845, to become U.S. Secretary of State.
New senator elected March 13, 1845.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

}}

Massachusetts
(Class 2)

| Isaac C. Bates

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, January 1841
1841

| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent died March 16, 1845.
New senator elected March 24, 1845.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John Davis (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Florida
(Class 1)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Florida was admitted March 3, 1845.
Its first senators were elected July 1, 1845.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} David Levy Yulee (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Florida
(Class 3)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Florida was admitted March 3, 1845.
Its first senators were elected July 1, 1845.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} James Westcott (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Georgia
(Class 2)

| John M. Berrien

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| 1825
1829 {{Small|(resigned)}}
1840

| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned in May 1845 to become judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia.
He did not remain on the court, and was re-elected November 13, 1845.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John M. Berrien (Whig)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

South Carolina
(Class 2)

| colspan=3 | Vacant

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent Daniel E. Huger (D) had resigned in the previous Congress.
New senator was elected November 26, 1845.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John C. Calhoun (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Virginia
(Class 1)

| colspan=3 | Vacant

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected late December 3, 1845.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Isaac S. Pennybacker (Democratic)
  • {{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Arkansas (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from Arkansas|1844 United States House of Representatives election in Arkansas}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Connecticut

{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut|1845 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Delaware

{{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware|1844 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Florida

{{See also|List of United States senators from Florida|1845 United States House of Representatives election in Florida}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

= Florida (regular) =

= Florida (special) =

Georgia (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Indiana

{{See also|List of United States senators from Indiana|1845 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Louisiana (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from Louisiana|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Maine

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maine|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Maryland

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}

{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1844 United States Senate election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = F0C862

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Whig Party (United States)

| candidate1 = Reverdy Johnson

| image1 =

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 =

| percentage2 =

| party2 =

| candidate2 =

| image2 =

| next_year = 1849

| next_election = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1839

| previous_election = 1839 United States Senate election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = -

| type = presidential

}}

Reverdy Johnson won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122892|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 00, 1845|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

Massachusetts

{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

= Massachusetts (regular) =

= Massachusetts (special) =

Michigan

{{See also|List of United States senators from Michigan|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Mississippi

{{See also|List of United States senators from Mississippi|1845 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Missouri

{{See also|List of United States senators from Missouri|1844 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

New Jersey

{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

New York

{{main|1845 United States Senate elections in New York}}

{{See also|List of United States senators from New York}}

There were three elections: Two special elections were held on January 18, 1845, and one regular election was held on February 4, 1845.

The 68th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 14, 1845.

= New York (special, class 1) =

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge had been re-elected in 1840 to the Class 1 seat (term 1839–1845), but resigned June 17, 1844, to become Governor of Wisconsin Territory. On November 30, Governor of New York William C. Bouck appointed his Democratic Lieutenant Governor Daniel S. Dickinson to fill the vacancy temporarily, and Dickinson was seated December 9, 1844.

class=wikitable

|+January 18, 1845, United States Senator special election, Class 1

bgcolor=lightgrey

! House

! colspan=2 | Democratic

! colspan=2 | Whig

! colspan=2 | American
Republican

State Senate (32 members)

| {{Aye}} Daniel S. Dickinson

| 27

| Millard Fillmore

| 3

| Jonathan Thompson

| 1

State Assembly (128 members)

| {{Aye}} Daniel S. Dickinson

|

|

|

|

|

= New York (special, class 3) =

Silas Wright Jr. had been re-elected in 1843 to the Class 3 seat (term 1843–1849), but resigned November 26, 1844, when elected Governor of New York. On November 30, Governor Bouck appointed Democratic State Senator Henry A. Foster to fill the vacancy temporarily, and Foster took his seat on December 9, 1844.

class=wikitable

|+January 18, 1845, United States Senator special election, Class 3

bgcolor=lightgrey

! House

! colspan=2 | Democratic

! colspan=2 | Whig

! colspan=2 | American
Republican

State Senate (32 members)

| {{Aye}} John Adams Dix

| 27

| Willis Hall

| 3

| Harman B. Cropsey

| 1

State Assembly (128 members)

| {{Aye}} John Adams Dix

|

|

|

|

|

Dix took his seat on January 27, 1845, and remained in office until March 3, 1849, when his term expired.

= New York (regular) =

class=wikitable

|+February 4, 1845, United States Senator election, Class 1

bgcolor=lightgrey

! House

! colspan=2 | Democratic

! colspan=2 | Whig

State Senate (32 members)

| {{Aye}} Daniel S. Dickinson

| 25

| John C. Clark

| 4

State Assembly (128 members)

| {{Aye}} Daniel S. Dickinson

|

|

|

Dickinson re-took his seat under the new credentials on January 27, 1845, and re-elected, remained in office until March 3, 1851, when his term expired.

Ohio

{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Pennsylvania

{{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania}}

= Pennsylvania (regular) =

{{Main|1845 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}}

The regular election was held January 14, 1845. Incumbent Daniel Sturgeon was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1845|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1845S.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=December 22, 2012}} The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 14, 1845, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1845. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

{{Election box begin no change| title= State Legislature Results{{cite web|title= PA US Senate|url= http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345195|publisher= OurCampaigns|access-date= December 22, 2012}}

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change

| party = Democratic Party (US)

| candidate = Daniel Sturgeon (Incumbent)

| votes = 72

| percentage = 54.14

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Whig Party (US)

| candidate = James Cooper

| votes = 49

| percentage = 36.84

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Know Nothing

| candidate = John Ashmead

| votes = 5

| percentage = 3.76

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Know Nothing

| candidate = E. W. Keyser

| votes = 2

| percentage = 1.50

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Know Nothing

| candidate = Jacob Broom

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Know Nothing

| candidate = E. C. Reigert

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Whig Party (US)

| candidate = John Sergeant

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate no change

| party = N/A

| candidate = Not voting

| votes = 2

| percentage = 1.50

| change =

}}

|-

|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"

| colspan="3" align="right" | Totals

| align="right" | 133

| align="right" | 100.00%

|}

= Pennsylvania (special) =

{{Main|1845 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania}}

A special election was held March 13, 1845. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 13 March 1845|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1845C.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=December 22, 2013}} Democratic future-U.S. president James Buchanan was elected in an 1834 special election and was re-elected in 1836 and 1843.

Senator Buchanan resigned on March 5, 1845, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of State by President James K. Polk.{{cite web|title=BUCHANAN, James, (1791 - 1868)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b001005|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=December 22, 2013}}

Following the resignation of senator Buchanan, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 13, 1845, to elect a new senator to fill the vacancy and serve the remainder of the term set to expire on March 4, 1849. Five ballots were recorded. The results of the fifth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:

{{Election box begin no change| title= State Legislature Results

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Democratic Party (US)

| candidate = Simon Cameron

| votes = 67

| percentage = 50.38

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Democratic Party (US)

| candidate = George W. Woodward

| votes = 55

| percentage = 41.35

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Whig Party (US)

| candidate = J. R. Ingersoll

| votes = 2

| percentage = 1.50

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Whig Party (US)

| candidate = John Banks

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Know Nothing

| candidate = Peter A. Brown

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate no change

| party = Unknown

| candidate = Thomas S. Bell

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Whig Party (US)

| candidate = T. D. Cochran

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.75

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate no change

| party = N/A

| candidate = Not voting

| votes = 5

| percentage = 3.76

| change =

}}

|-

|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"

| colspan="3" align="right" | Totals

| align="right" | 133

| align="right" | 100.00%

|}

Rhode Island

{{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island|1845 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

= Rhode Island (regular) =

= Rhode Island (special) =

South Carolina (special)

{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Tennessee

{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee|1845 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Vermont

{{See also|List of United States senators from Vermont|1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Virginia

{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia|1845 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

= Virginia (regular) =

= Virginia (special) =

See also

References

{{reflist}}

{{Expand section|date=August 2020}}

Sources and external links

  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090825101114/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/28th.pdf Members of the 28th United States Congress], via GPOaccess.gov
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120128174414/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/29th.pdf Members of the 29th United States Congress], via GPOaccess.gov
  • [http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/ Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
  • {{cite book

|title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900

|first1=William Alexander

|last1=Taylor

|first2=Aubrey Clarence

|last2=Taylor

|year=1899

|publisher=State of Ohio

|ref={{sfnRef|Taylor & Taylor}}

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA240

}}

  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA63 The New York Civil List] compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 134f for State Senators 1845; pg. 230f for Members of Assembly 1845)
  • [https://archive.org/details/historypolitica00goog/page/n530 Political History of the State of New York, from Jan. 1, 1841, to Jan. 1, 1847; Vol. III] by Jabez Delano Hammond (State election, 1844: pg. 505f; appointments, 1844: pg. 508f; Speaker election, 1845: pg. 518; U.S. Senate nominations, 1845: pg. 526ff) [gives wrong date for caucus, and election]
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Y4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 Abridgment of the Debates in Congress, from 1789 to 1856: Dec. 4, 1843 to June 18, 1846] (page 197)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=I9caAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA77 Journal of the Senate (68th Session)] (1845; pg. 77f and 142f)

{{United States Senate elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1844-45 United States Senate elections}}