1868 in Australia

• Monarch - Victoria

Governors of the Australian colonies:

• Governor of New South Wales – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore
• Governor of Queensland – Sir George Bowen, then Colonel Sir Samuel Blackall
• Governor of South Australia – Sir Dominick Daly until 19 February
• Governor of Tasmania – Colonel Thomas Browne, then Charles Du Cane
• Governor of Victoria – Sir John Manners-Sutton
• Governor of Western Australia – Dr John Hampton, then Sir Benjamin PineAlthough formally appointed Governor, Pine never actually came to Western Australia to take up his post; the role was filled by an administrator, Lieutenant Colonel John Bruce.

Premiers of the Australian colonies:

• Premier of New South Wales – James Martin, until 27 October then John Robertson
• Premier of Queensland – Robert Mackenzie, until 25 November then Charles Lilley
• Premier of South Australia – Henry Ayers, until 24 September then John Hart (2nd time), until 13 October then Henry Ayers (4th time), until 3 November then Henry Strangways
• Premier of Tasmania – Richard Dry
• Premier of Victoria – James McCulloch, until 6 May then Charles Sladen, until 11 July then James McCulloch (2nd time)

• 10 January – The last convict ship to Western Australia, the Hougoumont, arrives in Western Australia. This brought the end of penal transportation to Australia.{{cite book|title=Australia through Time|publisher=Random House Australia|year=2009|isbn=9781741668865|edition=16th|location=North Sydney NSW}}
• February–May – A series of atrocities in retaliation to the killing of a police officer, a police assistant, and a local workman result in the deaths of between 15 and 150 Aboriginal people around Flying Foam Passage on Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula) in Western Australia. These atrocities are later referred to as the Flying Foam Massacre.
• 5 March – The Queensland Parliament passes the Polynesian Labourers Act to regulate the employment of Pacific Islanders recruited through blackbirding.{{cite news |url=https://www.textqueensland.com.au/item/journal/85aec34daf2e3b652ba7b434c1f11f36/pdf/1 |title=Polynesian Laborers Act 1868 |newspaper=Queensland Government Gazette |volume=IX |number=47 |date=4 March 1868 |page=217 |access-date=2021-01-09 |via=Text Queensland |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718075442/https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_218064/Queensland_Gov_Gazette_1868_v9.pdf?Expires=1626594967&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=Zu7TdvIKaF723zMTUcKEBvsDDsnt3CDFi02H67FROAC9uVLo8YzGvFYE9jc8sP14i0JR61P3NfTT3UI2fIjdA-h~foLRirkdsPXkDerX3ULTSz3ul5ssub6svZ~oEbibNmndz2btv0onIp90NfACtMwBEvlfVnnRHSX8GLfEvLkqa473fpVgfH6VwH4o4qpbyB7eN-YwZruCgZpqbBZFBlcDVldKc~ZKPaeIx1ITpXxPE8m4ru8Ft5RwrNa327XGXnhKvmlSxD0ZA-H~OK23dfSnPiCZpHpCU2L2k1kMxwoTmeZJ48bXG-UvTlFKzdzFx~3HdJNJnkaqaZzCefPafQ__ |url-status=live }}{{cite news|date=16 March 1868|title=Intercolonial news: Queensland|volume=LVII|page=2|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|issue=9304|location=New South Wales, Australia|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13159407|access-date=9 January 2021|via=Trove|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718075334/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13159407|url-status=live}}
• 12 March – Henry James O'Farrell fires a revolver into the back of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (second son of Queen Victoria) while the latter is picnicking in the beachfront suburb of Clontarf. It was Australia's first attempted political assassination. O'Farrell first claimed that he was acting under instruction from Melbourne Fenians but later retracted the claims. He had problems with alcoholism and mental illness.{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|id2=ofarrell-henry-james-4322|title=O'Farrell, Henry James (1833–1868)|first1=Mark|last1=Lyons|first2=Bede|last2=Nairn|name-list-style=amp|volume=5|year=1974|access-date=2021-01-09}}

• The Geelong Woollen Company sets up the first woollen mill in Australia.

• May to October – The first Australian cricket team to tour overseas plays against several English teams, winning 14 matches, losing 14 and drawing 19.
• 3 November – Glencoe wins the Melbourne Cup

• 21 February – Ernest Roberts, South Australian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1913)
• 19 June – Richard Crouch, Victorian politician (d. 1949)
• 27 October – William Gillies, 21st Premier of Queensland (d. 1928)
• 14 November – Steele Rudd, author (d. 1935)

• 21 April – Henry James O'Farrell, attempted assassin (born in Ireland) (b. 1833)
• 10 June – Charles Harpur, poet (b. 1813)
• 21 July – William Bland, New South Wales politician and medical practitioner (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1789)

{{Reflist}}

{{Years in Australia}}

{{Oceania topic|1868 in|countries_only=yes}}

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Australia

Category:Years of the 19th century in Australia