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1890–91 United States Senate elections

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1890–91 United States Senate elections

| country = United States

| flag_year = 1890

| type = legislative

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1888–89 United States Senate elections

| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1888 & 1889}}

| next_election = 1892–93 United States Senate elections

| next_year = {{Nowrap|1892 & 1893}}

| seats_for_election = 29 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections)

| majority_seats = 45

| election_date = Dates vary by state

| 1blank = Seats up

| image_size = x180px

| party1 = Republican Party (US)

| leader1 = George F. Edmunds{{efn | as Republican Conference Chair}}
(retired)

| image1 = George F. Edmunds - Brady-Handy.jpg

| leader_since1 = March 4, 1885

| leaders_seat1 = Vermont

| seats_before1 = 38

| seats_after1 = 47

| 1data1 = 16

| seats1 = 12

| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 9

| party2 = Democratic Party (US)

| leader2 = Arthur Pue Gorman{{efn | as Democratic Caucus Chair}}

| image2 = Arthur Pue Gorman.jpg

| leader_since2 = March 4, 1889

| leaders_seat2 = Maryland

| seats_before2 = 37

| seats_after2 = 39

| 1data2 = 12

| seats2 = 14

| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 2

| party4 = People's Party (US)

| seats_before4 = 0

| seats_after4 = 1

| 1data4 = 0

| seats4 = 1

| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 1

| party5 = Independent (US)

| seats_before5 = 0

| seats_after5 = 1

| 1data5 = 0

| seats5 = 1

| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1

| title = Majority Party

| before_election =

| before_party = Republican Party (US)

| after_election =

| after_party = Republican Party (US)

| map_image = 380px

| map_caption = Results of the elections:
{{legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}}
{{Legend0|#CA0120|Republican gain}} {{legend0|#F48882|Republican hold}}
{{Legend0|#288B37|Populist gain}} {{Legend0|#666666|Independent gain}}
{{legend0|#000000|Legislature failed to elect}}

}}

The 1890–91 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1890 and 1891, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}} In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Republican Party lost four seats, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.

Results summary

Senate party division, 52nd Congress (1891–1893)

  • Majority party: Republican (47)
  • Minority party: Democratic (39)
  • Other parties: Populist (2)
  • Total seats: 88

Change in Senate composition

= Before the elections =

After the admission of Montana's new senators in January 1890.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=8 |

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

{{party shading/Democratic active}} | D32
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D31
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D30
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D29
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D28
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D27
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D26
Ran

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D25

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

{{party shading/Democratic active}} | D33
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D34
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D35
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D36
Retired

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D37
Retired

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R47
Retired

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R46
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R45
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R44
Ran

! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Republican active}} | R43
Ran

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →
{{party shading/Republican active}} | R33
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R34
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R35
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R36
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R37
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R38
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R39
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R40
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R41
Ran

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R42
Ran

{{party shading/Republican active}} | R32
Ran

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R31

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R30

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R29

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R28

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R27

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R26

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R25

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R24

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R23

{{party shading/Republican}} | R13

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R14

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R15

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R16

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R17

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R18

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R19

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R20

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R21

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R22

{{party shading/Republican}} | R12

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R11

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R10

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R9

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R8

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R7

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R6

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R5

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R4

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R3

colspan=8 |

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R1

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R2

= After the class 3 elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=8 |

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

{{party shading/Democratic active}} | D32
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D31
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D30
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D29
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D28
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D27
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D26
Re-elected

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D25

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

{{party shading/Democratic active}} | D33
Hold

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D34
Hold

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D35
Hold

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D36
Hold

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D37
Gain

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D38
Gain

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D39
Gain

! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V1
D Loss

! {{party shading/Independent (United States) active}} | I1
Gain

! {{party shading/Populist active}} | P1
Gain

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R43
New seat

{{party shading/Republican active}} | R33
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R34
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R35
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R36
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R37
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R38
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R39
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R40
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R41
Hold

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R42
Hold

{{party shading/Republican active}} | R32
Re-elected

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R31

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R30

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R29

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R28

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R27

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R26

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R25

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R24

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R23

{{party shading/Republican}} | R13

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R14

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R15

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R16

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R17

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R18

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R19

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R20

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R21

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R22

{{party shading/Republican}} | R12

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R11

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R10

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R9

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R8

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R7

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R6

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R5

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R4

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R3

colspan=8 |

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R1

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R2

= Beginning of the next Congress =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
colspan=6 |

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D34

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D33

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D32

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D31

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D30

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D29

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D28

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D27

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D26

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D25

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D35

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D36

! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V1
D seated late

! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V2
D elected late

! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V3
D died
Later D

| {{party shading/Independent (United States)}} | I1
Later P

| {{party shading/Populist}} | P1

! {{party shading/Vacant active}} | V3
D died
Later R

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R46
New seat

! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Republican active}} | R45
New seat

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →
{{party shading/Republican}} | R35

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R36

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R37

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R38

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R39

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R40

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R41

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R42

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R43

! {{party shading/Republican active}} | R44
New seat

{{party shading/Republican}} | R34

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R33

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R32

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R31

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R30

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R29

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R28

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R27

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R26

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R25

{{party shading/Republican}} | R15

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R16

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R17

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R18

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R19

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R20

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R21

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R22

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R23

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R24

{{party shading/Republican}} | R14

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R13

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R12

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R11

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R10

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R9

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R8

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R7

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R6

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R5

colspan=6 |

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R1

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R2

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R3

| {{party shading/Republican}} | R4

valign=top

! Key:

|

{| class=wikitable

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D#

| Democratic

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Independent (United States)}} | I#

| Independent

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Populist}} | P#

| Populist

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Republican}} | R#

| Republican

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Vacant}} | V#

| Vacant

|}

Race summaries

= Elections during the 51st Congress =

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1890 or in 1891 before March 4; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

valign=bottom

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral
history

Montana
(Class 1)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
First senator elected January 1, 1890.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uS5HAQAAIAAJ | title=Congressional Series of United States Public Documents | volume=3064 | date=1893 | publisher=Government Printing Office | page=64}}
Sanders's election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.{{sfn|Taft, et al. | p=727}}
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

Montana
(Class 2)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889.
Second senator elected January 2, 1890.
Power's election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.
The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.{{sfn|Taft, et al. | p=727}}
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

Kentucky
(Class 2)

| James B. Beck

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1876
1882
1888

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent died May 3, 1890.
New senator elected May 26, 1890.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} John G. Carlisle (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Wyoming
(Class 2)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senators elected November 15, 1890.
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{plainlist|

}}

Wyoming
(Class 1)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
First senators elected November 18, 1890.
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Francis E. Warren (Republican) 29
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} Henry A. Coffeen (Democratic) 9
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}M. C. Brown (Unknown) 7
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}John McCormick (Unknown) 3
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}H. R. Mann (Unknown) 1{{Cite book |last=Goodspeed |first=Weston Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meQyAQAAIAAJ&dq=Joseph+M.+Carey&pg=PA383 |title=Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming |date=1904 |publisher=University of California |page=382 |via=Google Books}}

}}

Idaho
(Class 2)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senators elected December 18, 1890.
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} George L. Shoup (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Idaho
(Class 3)

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Idaho admitted to the Union July 3, 1890.
First senators elected December 18, 1890.
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} William J. McConnell (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

= Races leading to the 52nd Congress =

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1891; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

valign=bottom

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral
history

Alabama

| James L. Pugh

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | United States Senate special election in Alabama, 1880
1884

| Incumbent re-elected in 1890.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} James L. Pugh (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Arkansas

| James K. Jones

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} James K. Jones (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

California

| Leland Stanford

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Leland Stanford (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Colorado

| Henry M. Teller

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Henry M. Teller (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Connecticut

| Orville H. Platt

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1879
1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Orville H. Platt (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Florida

| Wilkinson Call

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1879
1885

| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.

| None.

Georgia

| Joseph E. Brown

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | United States Senate special election in Georgia, 1880
1885

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired due to illness.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} John B. Gordon (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Idaho

| William J. McConnell

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 1890 (special)

| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | McConnell was elected only to finish the term (see above) and thereafter retired.
New senator elected December 18, 1890.
Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Fred Dubois (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Illinois

| Charles B. Farwell

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1887

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost renomination."Richard J. Oglesby the Nominee" Chicago Daily Tribune (1872–1922); Chicago, Ill., 16 Jan 1891: 4.
New senator elected on March 11, 1891, after 154 ballots.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} John M. Palmer (Democratic) 102
  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Cicero Lindly (Republican) 100
  • {{Party stripe|People's Party (US)}}Alson Streeter (Farmers' Alliance) 1{{cite news|title=Alson J. Streeter: An Agrarian Liberal|first=Alfred W.|last=Newcombe|journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society|volume=39|number=1|year=1946|pages=68–95|publisher=University of Illinois Press}}

}}

Indiana

| Daniel W. Voorhees

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1877 {{small|(appointed)}}
United States Senate special election in Indiana, 1879
1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Iowa

| William B. Allison

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1872
1878
1884

| Incumbent re-elected March 5, 1890.{{sfn | Clark | p=221}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} William B. Allison (Republican) 79
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Samuel L. Bestow (Democratic) 63{{cite journal|editor-last=Wilcox|editor-first=Henry S.|title=Election of U.S. Senator|journal=Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives|volume=23|number=1|pages=158–168|date=March 5, 1890|access-date=September 30, 2022|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RuFHAQAAMAAJ}}
  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}William Larrabee (Republican) 8{{sfn | Clark | p=221}}

}}

Kansas

| John J. Ingalls

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1873
1879
1885

| {{Party shading/Populist}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Populist gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|People's Party (US)}}{{aye}} William A. Peffer (Populist)
  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}John J. Ingalls (Republican)
    {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Kentucky

| J. C. S. Blackburn

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1884

| Incumbent re-elected in 1890.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Louisiana

| James B. Eustis

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1890–91

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Edward Douglass White (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Maryland

| Ephraim Wilson

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1884

| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent re-elected in 1890, but died February 24, 1891, before the beginning of the next term.
Seat remained vacant until November 19, 1891.
Democratic loss.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Ephraim Wilson (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Missouri

| George G. Vest

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1879
1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} George G. Vest (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Nevada

| John P. Jones

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1879
1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} John P. Jones (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

New Hampshire

| Henry W. Blair

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1879
1885 {{small|(appointed)}}
United States Senate special election in New Hampshire, 1885

| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1891.
Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Jacob H. Gallinger (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

New York

| William M. Evarts

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1885

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 21, 1891.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

North Carolina

| Zebulon Vance

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1879
1884

| Incumbent re-elected in 1890.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Zebulon Vance (Democratic)

North Dakota

| Gilbert A. Pierce

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1889

| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1891.
Republican hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Henry C. Hansbrough (Republican)
  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Gilbert A. Pierce (Republican)
    {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Ohio

| Henry B. Payne

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1884

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 15, 1890{{sfn|Taylor & Taylor | p=111, vol II}}
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Calvin S. Brice (Democratic)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Oregon

| John H. Mitchell

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1885

| Incumbent re-elected in 1890.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} John H. Mitchell (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Pennsylvania

| J. Donald Cameron

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1877
1879
1885

| Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1891.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

South Carolina

| Wade Hampton III

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1884

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1890.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} John L. M. Irby (Democratic)
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Wade Hampton III (Democratic)
    {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

South Dakota

| Gideon C. Moody

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1889

| {{Party shading/Independent (United States)}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 16, 1891.{{cite news | work=The New York Times | date=February 17, 1891 | title= Senator James H. Kyle | page=5 |url=http://nyti.ms/2eFKaWJ}}
Independent gain.
Winner later became a Populist.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Independent (US)}}{{aye}} James H. Kyle (Independent) 75
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Bartlett Tripp (Democratic) 8
  • {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Norman B. Campbell (Unknown) 1{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112108173789&view=1up&seq=695|title=Proceedings of the House of Representatives, ... Legislative session, State of South Dakota|year=1923|publisher=Published under the direction and authority of the Legislature}}

}}

Vermont

| Justin S. Morrill

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1866
1872
1878
1884

| Incumbent re-elected in 1890.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Justin S. Morrill (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Washington

| Watson C. Squire

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1889

| Incumbent re-elected in 1891.

| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{aye}} Watson C. Squire (Republican)
{{data missing|date=February 2020}}

Wisconsin

| John C. Spooner

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| nowrap | 1885

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 28, 1891.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} William F. Vilas (Democratic) 64.57%
  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}John C. Spooner (Republican) 35.43%

}}

= Election during the 52nd Congress =

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1891 after March 4; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

valign=bottom

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral
history

California
(Class 1)

| George Hearst

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1887

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent died February 28, 1891.
New senator elected March 19, 1891.
Republican gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Charles N. Felton (Republican)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Florida
(Class 3)

| colspan=3 | Vacant

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
Predecessor re-elected May 26, 1891.{{cite news | url=http://nyti.ms/2e2dtY7 | title= Call Declared Elected | work=The New York Times | date=May 26, 1891 | page=1 }}
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} Wilkinson Call (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Virginia
(Class 1)

| John W. Daniel

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1887

| Incumbent re-elected early December 16, 1891 for the term beginning March 4, 1893.{{Cite book |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433014925972&view=1up&seq=141 |title=Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia 1891–1892 |page=135 |language=en | access-date=March 11, 2020}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} John W. Daniel (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=March 2020}}

}}

Idaho

File:Georgelshoup.jpg
(class 2)]]

{{multiple image

| align =

| direction =

| width =

| caption_align = center

| header_align = center

| header = Idaho class 3 senator

| image1 = Williammcconnell.jpg

| width1 = 98

| alt1 = William J. McConnell

| caption1 = William J. McConnell
(December 18, 1890 – March 3, 1891)

| image2 = Sen. Fred T. Dubois of Idaho LCCN2016821673 (cropped).jpg

| width2 = 125

| alt2 = Fred Dubois

| caption2 = Fred Dubois
(March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1897)

}}

{{Main|1890 United States Senate elections in Idaho}}

{{See also|List of United States senators from Idaho|1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho}}

In July 1890, Idaho became a state. In November, Fred Dubois helped engineer a plan for the Idaho Legislature to effectively elect three people to the U.S. Senate: Governor George Shoup to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894, state constitutional convention member William J. McConnell to serve for the remainder of the Fifty-first United States Congress, ending in March 1891, and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six-year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891.

{{Clear}}

Maryland

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}

{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1890 United States Senate election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = B0CEFF

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)

| candidate1 = Ephraim King Wilson II

| image1 = WILSON, Ephraim King, (1821 - 1891).jpg

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 =

| percentage2 = %

| party2 =

| candidate2 =

| image2 =

| next_year = 1892

| next_election = 1892 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1884

| previous_election = 1884 United States Senate election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = January 1890

| type = presidential

}}

Ephraim King Wilson II was re-elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122955|title=Our Campaigns – MD US Senate Race – Jan 00, 1890|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

New York

File:DavidBennettHill.png]]

{{Main|1891 United States Senate election in New York}}

{{See also|List of United States senators from New York|1890 United States House of Representatives elections in New York}}

The New York election was held January 20 and 21, 1891, by the New York State Legislature.

Republican William M. Evarts had been elected to this seat in 1885, and his term would expire on March 3, 1891.

At the State election in November 1889, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1890–1891) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1890, 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly. The 114th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 30, 1891, at Albany, New York.

The Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator John C. Jacobs presided. Governor David B. Hill was nominated by acclamation.

The Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman James W. Husted presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator William M. Evarts unanimously.

On January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.

class=wikitable

! House

! colspan=2 | Democratic

! colspan=2 | Republican

State Senate
(32 members)

| David B. Hill

| align="right" | 13

| {{Aye}} William M. Evarts

| align="right" | 19

State Assembly
(128 members)

| {{Aye}} David B. Hill

| align="right" | 65

| William M. Evarts

| align="right" | 58

Joint ballot
(160 members)

| {{Aye}} David B. Hill

| align="right" | 81

| William M. Evarts

| align="right" | 79

The seat became vacant on March 4, 1891. David B. Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican Thomas C. Platt who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.

{{Clear}}

Pennsylvania

File:James Donald Cameron Brady-Handy.jpg]]

{{Main|1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}}

{{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania}}

The Pennsylvania election was held on January 20, 1891. J. Donald Cameron was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.{{cite web | title=U.S. Senate Election – 20 January 1891 | url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1891.pdf | publisher=Wilkes University | access-date= December 22, 2013}}

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1891. Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879 and 1885, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature Results

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change

| party = Republican Party (US)

| candidate = J. Donald Cameron (Incumbent)

| votes = 144

| percentage = 56.69

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Democratic Party (US)

| candidate = Chauncey F. Black

| votes = 94

| percentage = 37.01

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Republican Party (US)

| candidate = Austin L. Taggart

| votes = 7

| percentage = 2.76

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Republican Party (US)

| candidate = Theodore L. Flood

| votes = 3

| percentage = 1.18

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Democratic Party (US)

| candidate = J. C. Sibley

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.39

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change

| party = Republican Party (US)

| candidate = Harry White

| votes = 1

| percentage = 0.39

| change =

}}

{{Election box candidate no change

| party = N/A

| candidate = Not voting

| votes = 4

| percentage = 1.57

| change =

}}

|-

|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"

| colspan="3" align="right" | Totals

| align="right" | 254

| align="right" | 100%

|}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book

| last = Byrd | first = Robert C. | author-link1 = Robert Byrd

| editor1-first = Wendy | editor1-last = Wolff

| title = The Senate, 1789–1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992

| edition = volume 4 Bicentennial

| department = United States Senate Historical Office

| location = Washington, D.C.

| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office

| year=1993

| isbn = 9780160632563 | ref = {{sfnRef | Byrd}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C

}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Clark | first = Dan Elbert

| title = History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa

| location = Iowa City, Iowa

| date = 1913

| ref = {{sfnRef | Clark}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ

}}

  • {{cite web

| last = Cox | first = Harold

| title = Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2006

| work = The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

| publisher = Wilkes University

| date = January 31, 2007

| url = http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox

}}

  • {{cite book

| last1 = Taft | first1 = George S. | author-link1 = George S. Taft

| last2 = Furber | first2 = George P.

| last3 = Buck | first3 = George M.

| last4 = Webb | first4 = Charles A.

| last5 = Pierce | first5 = Herbert R.

| title = Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913

| department = U.S. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections

| year = 1913

| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office

| location = Washington, D.C.

| ref = {{sfnRef | Taft, et al.}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XrItAAAAYAAJ

}}

  • {{cite book

| title = Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900

| first1 = William Alexander

| last1 = Taylor

| first2 = Aubrey Clarence

| last2 = Taylor

| year = 1899

| publisher = State of Ohio

| ref = {{sfnRef | Taylor & Taylor}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ

}}

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100106015301/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/52d.pdf Members of the 52nd United States Congress]
  • {{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/20/103291699.pdf | title=Exit David Bennett Hill | work=The New York Times | date=January 20, 1891}}, The headline expresses the erroneous belief that Hill, after his election, would resign the governorship and go to Washington, D.C.
  • {{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/21/103291858.pdf | title=Hill's Friends Nervous | work=The New York Times | date=January 21, 1891}}
  • {{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/22/106046363.pdf | title=Hill's Majority of Two | work=The New York Times | date=January 22, 1891}}
  • {{cite web

| title = Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present

| publisher = via Senate.gov

| url = https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm

}}

{{United States Senate elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1890-91 United States Senate elections}}