1894 in science

• March 21 (23:00 GMT) – Syzygy: Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both simultaneously transit the Sun as seen from Saturn.

• Patrick Manson develops the thesis that malaria is spread by mosquitoes.
• Jean Pierre Mégnin publishes La faune des cadavres application de l'entomologie à la médecine légale in Paris, an important text in forensic entomology.{{cite journal|last=Benecke|first=Mark|title=A brief history of forensic entomology|journal=Forensic Science International|year=2001|volume=120|issue=1–2|pages=2–14|pmid=11457602|doi=10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00409-1}}
• Alexandre Yersin and Kitasato Shibasaburō independently identify the bacterium later called Yersinia pestis in the 1894 Hong Kong plague.{{Cite journal |last=Yersin |first=Alexandre |year=1894 |title=La peste bubonique à Hong-Kong |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3624276 |journal=Annales de l'Institut Pasteur |location=Paris |volume=8 |pages=662–67 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}{{cite journal|last=Bockemühl|first=J.|title=100 years after the discovery of the plague-causing agent — importance and veneration of Alexandre Yersin in Vietnam today|journal=Immunitat und Infektion|volume=22|issue=2|pages=72–5|date=April 1994|pmid=7959865}}

• Argon identified by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay.{{cite journal|title=Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere|author1=Rayleigh, Lord |author2=Ramsay, William |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society|location=London|volume=57|issue=1|pages=265–287|date=May 1894|doi=10.1098/rspl.1894.0149|jstor=115394|doi-access=free}}{{cite book|first=John|last=Emsley|title=Nature's Building Blocks: an A–Z Guide to the Elements|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-850340-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/35 35–36]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/35}}
• Viscose, a form of artificial silk or rayon, is patented by Charles Frederick Cross with Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle.

• Otto Binswanger describes what will become known as Binswanger's disease.

• Psychological Review established in the United States by James Mark Baldwin and James McKeen Cattell.

• August 13 – The first Allan truss bridge, designed by Percy Allan, is completed in New South Wales.{{cite web|title=Timber Truss Bridges|url=http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/environment/downloads/heritage/bridge-types_historical-overviews_2006-timbertruss.pdf|work=McMillan Britton & Kell Pty Limited|publisher=Roads and Traffic Authority|accessdate=2011-06-17|date=December 1998}}
• August 14 – Oliver Lodge demonstrates "Hertzian waves" i.e. radio transmission (of Morse code) in the University of Oxford from the Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum ({{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) for the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceDisplay in University Museum. using a modified Branly coherer.
• November 6 – William C. Hooker of Abingdon, Illinois is granted a United States patent for a spring-loaded mousetrap.#528671. {{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US528671|title=Animal-Trap|work=Google Patents|access-date=2012-10-01}}
• Construction of the first oil-engined rail locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Brian|title=The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894–1940|year=1973|publisher=David & Charles|location=Newton Abbot|isbn=978-0-7153-6115-3}}
• John Joly of Dublin devises the Joly colour screen, an additive colour photographic process for producing images from a single photographic plate.{{cite book|last=Hirsch|first=Robert|title=Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide|edition=new|location=London|publisher=Laurence King Publishing|year=2005|pages=29–30|isbn=978-1-85669-420-9}}
• Astronomical photographer Julius Scheiner devises a film speed measurement system.

• Copley Medal: Edward Frankland{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=23 July 2020 }}
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: Karl von Zittel

File:SatyenBose1925.jpg]]

• January 1 – S. N. Bose (died 1974), Indian physicist.
• January 13 – Dorothée Pullinger (died 1986), French-born British production engineer.
• February 11 – Izaak Kolthoff (died 1993), Dutch 'father of analytical chemistry'.
• February 16 – Constance Tipper, née Elam (died 1995), English metallurgist.
• April 29 – Marietta Blau (died 1970), Austrian physicist.{{cite book|first=Leopold E.|last=Halpen|chapter=Marietta Blau|editor-first1=Marelene F.|editor-last1=Rayner-Canham|editor-first2=Geoffrey|editor-last2=Rayner-Canham|title=A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity|location=Montréal|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-77351-642-7|page=196}}
• May 5 – August Dvorak (died 1975), American educational psychologist.
• June 13 – Leo Kanner (died 1981), Austrian-born clinical child psychiatrist.
• June 14 – W. W. E. Ross (died 1966), Canadian geophysicist and poet.
• June 23 – Alfred Kinsey (died 1956), American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist, founder of the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1947.
• July 8 – Pyotr Kapitsa (died 1984), Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• July 17 – Georges Lemaître (died 1966), Belgian physicist.
• August 2 – Bertha Lutz (died 1976), Brazilian herpetologist and women's rights campaigner.
• November 19 – Heinz Hopf (died 1971), German mathematician.

File:Hermann von Helmholtz.jpg]]

• January 1 – Heinrich Hertz (born 1857), German physicist.
• February 3 – Edmond Frémy (born 1814), French chemist.
• March 29 – Georges Pouchet (born 1833), French comparative anatomist.
• April 2 – Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard (born 1817), Mauritian-born physiologist and neurologist.
• April 9 – Arthur Hill Hassall (born 1817), English physician, microbiologist and chemical analyst.
• April 27 – Birdsill Holly (born 1820), American hydraulic engineer.
• November 26 – Pafnuty Chebyshev (born 1821), Russian mathematician.
• October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (born 1809), American physician and writer.
• September 8 – Hermann von Helmholtz (born 1821), German physicist.

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Category:19th century in science

Category:1890s in science