1919 Atlantic hurricane season

{{Infobox Hurricane Small

| Basin = Atl

| Image = 1919 Atlantic tropical storm 1 track.png

| Formed = July 2

| Dissipated = July 5

| 1-min winds = 55

| Pressure = 995

}}

Historical weather maps indicate a tropical wave in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico on July 2,{{cite report|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_dec12.html|title=Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT|author=Christopher W. Landsea|date=December 2012|work=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 23, 2014|location=Miami, Florida|display-authors=etal}} which developed into a tropical depression that day. Around 18:00 UTC, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. Moving north-northwestward, it peaked with maximum sustained winds winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|995|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} The storm remained very small in diameter "at all times."{{cite report|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/mwr_pdf/1921.pdf|title=Summary Of The Hurricanes Of 1919, 1920, and 1921|author=William P. Day|date=December 1921|work=Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|pages=658 and 659|access-date=July 23, 2014|location=Washington, D.C.}} At 11:00 UTC on July 4, the storm made landfall near Navarre, Florida at the same intensity. Early the next day, it weakened to a tropical depression, before dissipating several hours later.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} In Pensacola, Florida, the auxiliary schooner Nautilus of the E. E. Saunders Fish Company's fleet was destroyed, resulting in $1,500 in damage. The schooner W.D. Hossack was abandoned by the crew, though this vessel was later salvaged by the schooner Bluefields and the tugboat Echo. Light damage to crops was also reported.

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{{Infobox Hurricane Small

| Basin = Atl

| Image = 1919 Florida Keys hurricane track.png

| Formed = September 2

| Dissipated = September 16

| 1-min winds = 130

| Pressure = 927

}}

The Great Florida Keys Hurricane of 1919

{{Main article|1919 Florida Keys hurricane}}

{{See also|Effects of the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane in Texas}}

A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on September 2, while located near Guadeloupe.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Early on September 3, the system became a tropical storm. It oscillated slightly in intensity during the next few days, while brushing Puerto Rico and north coast of Hispaniola. By September 5, the storm headed northward toward the southeastern Bahamas. The system crossed Mayaguana and began curving northwestward. Early on September 7, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, while curving just north of due west. After intensifying into a Category 2 hurricane later that day, the hurricane struck Long Island and Exuma. Around 12:00 UTC on September 8, the storm strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane, shortly before striking Andros. After clearing the Bahamas, the hurricane strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane early the following day. It intensified further over the Straits of Florida and peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|150|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|927|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} at 06:00 UTC on September 10. Hours later, the system made landfall in Dry Tortugas, Florida. The storm weakened while crossing the Gulf of Mexico and fell to Category 3 intensity around 12:00 UTC on September 12. However, early the following day, it re-strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane. While approaching Texas, the system began to weaken again, deteriorating to a Category 3 hurricane on September 14. Later that day, it made landfall in Kenedy County with winds of {{convert|115|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The storm weakened while moving inland and dissipated near El Paso on September 16.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}

Two schooners capsized in the Windward Islands due to the hurricane.{{cite news|newspaper=The Lewiston Daily Sun|date=September 8, 1919|access-date=July 25, 2014|title=Two Schooners Lost With All On Board|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=macgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VGkFAAAAIBAJ&dq=bahamas%20hurricane%201919&pg=4303%2C771392|page=35|location=Miami, Florida}} In the United States Virgin Islands, a sustained wind speed of {{convert|48|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} was observed on Saint Thomas.{{cite report|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1919.pdf|title=Papers Supplementing The Discussion Of The West Indian Hurricane Of Sept. 6–14, 1919|date=September 1919|work=Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|access-date=July 25, 2014|location=Washington, D.C.}} Strong winds lashed the Bahamas, destroying buildings on Eleuthera and demolishing houses on San Salvador Island. The steamer Corydon sank in the Bahama Channel, resulting in 27 deaths.{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/09/12/118158717.pdf|title=Captain and 26 Dead in Sinking of Steamer Corydon in Hurricane|date=September 12, 1919|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=October 13, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} In Florida, considerable damage was reported in the Miami area, though "nothing very serious resulted". A tornado in Goulds damaged 19 buildings and destroyed six others. On Key West, strong winds damaged brick-structured buildings, with "probably not a structure on the island" escaping impact. Additionally, large vessels that were firmly secured were torn loose from their mooring and beached. Overall, three people drowned and damage reached approximately $2 million. The Spanish steamship SS Valbanera sank offshore Havana, Cuba, presumably drowning all 488 passengers and crewmen. In Texas, storm surge and tidal waves resulted in severe damage. Some 23 blocks of homes were destroyed or swept away in Corpus Christi. In the city alone, 284 bodies were recovered and damage was conservatively estimated at $20 million. In Matagorda, Palacios, and Port Lavaca, wharves, fish houses, and small boats were significantly impacted. The docks and buildings in Port Aransas were swept away, with the exception of a school building. Houses and crops were also leveled in Victoria. 310 deaths were reported in Texas,{{cite report|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/txhur.pdf|title=Texas Hurricane History|author=David M. Roth|date=April 8, 2010|work=Weather Prediction Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 25, 2014|location=Camp Springs, Maryland}} and overall, 828 people were killed by Hurricane Two.

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{{Infobox Hurricane Small

| Basin = Atl

| Image = 1919 Atlantic hurricane 3 track.png

| Formed = September 2

| Dissipated = September 4

| 1-min winds = 85

| Pressure = <977

}}

On September 1, a southwest–northeast oriented stationary front was situated offshore the East Coast of the United States from east of The Carolinas to the south of Nova Scotia. By the following day, the front spawned a tropical depression about {{convert|225|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} The depression moved northeastward and detached from the stationary front. Around 06:00 UTC on September 2, it strengthened into a tropical storm. The system intensified into a hurricane early on the following day. Later on September 3, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane and peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|977|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Thereafter, the storm weakened to a Category 1 and a tropical storm on September 4, before becoming extratropical near Cape Breton Island later that day.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} This system was first identified as a hurricane by Ivan Tannehill in 1938.

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{{Infobox Hurricane Small

| Basin = Atl

| Image = 1919 Atlantic tropical storm 4 track.png

| Formed = September 29

| Dissipated = October 2

| 1-min winds = 40

| Pressure = <1005

}}

A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 29, while located about {{convert|115|mi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas. Moving northwestward along the periphery of a high-pressure area, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. After peaking with winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|1005|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off}}, the storm curved west-northwestward while approaching the Southeastern United States. At 01:00 UTC on October 1, the system made landfall near St. Simons, Georgia. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression by later that day. Moving westward, it dissipated over southeastern Alabama early on October 2.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}

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{{Infobox Hurricane Small

| Basin = Atl

| Image = 1919 Atlantic tropical storm 5 track.png

| Formed = November 11

| Dissipated = November 15

| 1-min winds = 60

| Pressure = <1003

}}

An extratropical low-pressure area formed east of Bermuda on November 10. The low moved southwestward and gradually acquired tropical characteristics. By 00:00 UTC on November 11, it developed into a tropical storm, while located about {{convert|415|mi|km|abbr=on}} south-southeast of Bermuda. Around that time, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|1003|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off}}. Later on November 12, it curved northwestward. The storm then turned east-southeastward the following day. On November 14, the system weakened and curved northeastward. Around 12:00 UTC the next day, it became extratropical, with the remnants dissipating hours later.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}

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In addition to the five other tropical storms, there were five tropical cyclones that remained a tropical depression. The first depression formed from a low pressure area just offshore Belize on June 1. Moving northward, the storm dissipated over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico by the following day. Another tropical depression from non-tropical origin near Bermuda on June 15. After tracking generally southwestward for a few days, the depression became extratropical on June 18. The next tropical depression was reported in the vicinity of the Windward Islands on August 18. It brought "heavy weather" to Barbados, causing two ships to run aground. On August 25, a tropical depression developed near the northern Cape Verde islands, before dissipated on the next day. The final depression that remained below tropical storm status formed southeast of Bermuda on September 9. The storm strengthened while heading northwestward, but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 12.

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

• 1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons
• 1900–1950 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
• 1910s Australian region cyclone seasons

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1919.pdf Monthly Weather Review]

{{TC Decades|Year=1910|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}

{{Tropical cyclone season|1919}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1919 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

Category:1919 meteorology

Category:1919 natural disasters