1953 in spaceflight
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox Year in spaceflight
|year = 1953
|image = Deacon Rockoon.jpg
|caption = Launch of a Deacon Rockoon; several such launches occurred in 1953
|maidens = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-5 Pobeda
|retired = {{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee XASR-SC-2
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| programme = Timeline of spaceflight
| previous_mission = 1952
| next_mission = 1954
}}
{{TLS-L|alignment=right|fixed=on}}
The year 1953 saw the rockoon join the stable of sounding rockets capable of reaching beyond the {{convert|100|km}} boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation).{{cite journal|title=Outer space may have just gotten a bit closer|first=Paul|last=Voosen|date=24 July 2018|access-date=1 April 2019|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/outer-space-may-have-just-gotten-bit-closer|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.aau8822|s2cid=126154837 |archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231817/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/outer-space-may-have-just-gotten-bit-closer|url-status=live}} Employed by both the University of Iowa and the Naval Research Laboratory, 22 total were launched from the decks of the {{USS|Staten Island|AGB-5|6}} and the {{USCGC|Eastwind|WAGB-279|6}} this year. All branches of the United States military continued their program of Aerobee sounding rocket launches, a total of 23 were launched throughout 1953. The Soviet Union launched no sounding rockets in 1953; however, the Soviet Union did conduct several series of missile test launches.
Both the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics continued their development of ballistic missiles: the United States Air Force with its Atlas ICBM, the United States Army with its Redstone SRBM, the Soviet OKB-1 with its R-5 IRBM, and Soviet Factory 586 with its R-12 IRBM. None entered active service during 1953.
The first meeting of the Comité Speciale de l'Année Géophysique Internationale (CSAGI), a special committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), began preliminary coordination of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), scheduled for 1957–58.
{{TOC limit|2}}
Space exploration highlights
=US Navy=
On 25 May 1953, Viking 10, originally planned to be the last of the Naval Research Laboratory-built Viking rockets, arrived at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. A successful static firing on 18 June cleared the way for a 30 June launch date, a schedule that had been made months prior, before the rocket had even left the Glenn L. Martin Company plant where it had been built. At the moment of liftoff, the tail of Viking 10 exploded, setting the rocket afire. Water was immediately flooded into the rocket's base in an attempt to extinguish the fire, but flames continued to burn in the East Quadrant of the firing platform. Half an hour after launch, two of the launch team under manager Milton Rosen were dispatched to put out the fire to salvage what remained of the rocket.
Though successful, these efforts were then threatened by a slow leak in the propellant tank. The vacuum created by the departing fuel was causing the tank to dimple with the danger of implosion that would cause the rocket to collapse. Lieutenant Joseph Pitts, a member of the launch team, shot a rifle round into the tank, equalizing the pressure and saving the rocket. Three hours after the attempted launch, the last of the alcohol propellant had been drained from Viking 10. The launch team was able to salvage the instrument package of cameras, including X-ray detectors, cosmic ray emulsions, and a radio-frequency mass-spectrometer, valued at tens of thousands of dollars, although there was concern that the rocket was irreparable.
A thorough investigation of the explosion began in July, but a conclusive cause could not be determined. In a reported presented in September, Milton Rosen noted that a similar occurrence had not happened in more than 100 prior tests of the Viking motor. It was decided to rebuild Viking 10, and a program for closer monitoring of potential fail points was implemented for the next launch, scheduled for 1954.{{cite book|author=Milton W. Rosen|title=The Viking Rocket Story|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|date=1955|pages=204–221|oclc=317524549}}
=American civilian efforts=
After the successful field tests of balloon-launched rockets (rockoons) the previous year, a University of Iowa physics team embarked on a second rockoon expedition aboard the {{USS|Staten Island|AGB-5|6}} in summer 1953 with improved equipment. The new Skyhook balloons increased the rocket firing altitude from {{convert|40000|ft}} to {{convert|50000|ft}} affording a peak rocket altitude of {{convert|57|mi}}. The total payload weights were increased by {{convert|2|lb}} to {{convert|30|lb}}. Between 18 July and 4 September, the Iowa team launched 16 rockoons from a variety of latitudes, 7 of which reached useful altitudes and returned usable data. An NRL team aboard the same vessel launched six rockoons, of which half were complete successes. Data from these launches provided the first evidence of radiation associated with aurora borealis.{{cite book|title=Opening Space Research|author=George Ludwig|publisher=geopress|location=Washington D.C.|date=2011|oclc=845256256|pages=18–32}}
Spacecraft development
=US Air Force=
Development of the Atlas, the nation's first ICBM proceeded slowly throughout 1953. Without firm figures as to the weight and dimension of a thermonuclear device (the US tested its first H-bomb in November 1952, the USSR announced their first successful test in August 1953), it was not known if the Atlas could deliver an atomic bomb payload.
In spring 1953, Colonel Bernard Schriever, an assistant in development planning at The Pentagon and a proponent of long-ranged ballistic missiles, pushed to obtain accurate characteristics of a nuclear payload. Trevor Gardner, special assistant for research and development to the new Secretary of the Air Force, Harold Talbott, responded by organizing the Strategic Missiles Evaluation Committee or "Teapot Committee" comprising eleven of the top scientists and engineers in the country. Their goal would be to determine if a nuclear payload could be made small enough to fit on the Atlas rocket. If so, the importance of the committee's members would allow such findings to accelerate Atlas development. By October, committee member John von Neumann had completed his report on weights and figures indicating that smaller, more powerful warheads within Atlas' launch capability would soon be available. Pending test verification of von Neumann's theoretical results, the Air Force began revising the Atlas design for the projected nuclear payload.{{cite book|title=Atlas The Story of a Missile|author=John L. Chapman|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|date=1960|pages=71–73|oclc=492591218}}
=US Army=
The first production Redstone, a surface-to-surface missile capable of delivering nuclear or conventional warheads to a range of {{convert|200|miles}}, was delivered on 27 July 1953. A Redstone R&D missile was flight tested on 20 August 1953.{{cite web|url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1953.html|title=Installation History 1953 – 1955|publisher=U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command|date=2017|access-date=1 February 2021|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195242/https://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1953.html|url-status=live}}
=Soviet Union=
The R-5 missile, able to carry the same {{convert|1000|kg}} payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of {{convert|1200|km}}{{cite book|author=Boris Chertok|title=Rockets and People, Volume II: Creating a Rocket Industry|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|date=June 2006|oclc=946818748}}{{rp|242}} underwent its first series of eight test launches from 15 March to 23 May 1953. After two failures, the third rocket, launched 2 April, marked the beginning of streak of success. Seven more missiles were launched between 30 October and December, all of which reached their targets. A final series of launches, designed to test modifications made in response to issues with the first series, was scheduled for mid-1954.{{cite book|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|title=Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974|author=Asif A. Siddiqi|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|oclc=1001823253|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=16 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916023444/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|url-status=live}}{{rp|100–101}}
In his brief tenure as Director of NII-88, responsible for the production of all Soviet ballistic missiles, engineer Mikhail Yangel chafed professionally with OKB-1 (formerly NII-88 Section 3) Chief Designer, Sergei Korolev, whom he had previously reported to as Deputy Chief Designer of the bureau. To relieve this tension, on 4 October 1953, Yangel was demoted to NII-88 Chief Engineer and assigned responsibility for production of missiles at State Union Plant No. 586 in Dnepropetrovsk. This plant under, Vasiliy Budnik, had been tasked on 13 February 1953 with developing the R-12 missile, possessing a performance similar to that of the R-5 (range of {{convert|2000|km}} vs. {{convert|1200|km}}) but using storable propellants so that it could be stored at firing readiness for extended periods of time.{{rp|113–114}}
At the end of 1953, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, it was determined that a transportable thermonuclear device be developed (as opposed to the one detonated in August, which was stationary). It was further determined that an ICBM be developed to carry said bomb. As no ICBMs existed at the time, in reality or even in planning, development of a nuclear capable R-5 (dubbed the "R-5M") was ordered.{{rp|275}}
=The International Geophysical Year=
July 1953 saw the first meeting of the Comité Speciale de l'Année Géophysique Internationale (CSAGI), a special committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) tasked with coordinating the International Geophysical Year (IGY), set for 1957–58. This international effort would undertake simultaneous observations of geophysical phenomena over the entire surface of the Earth including such farflung regions as the Arctic and Antarctica. At its first meeting, CSAGI invited the world's nations to participate in the IGY. Response from most prominent nations was quick. The National Research Council of the US National Academy of Sciences set up a US National Committee for the IGY, with Joseph Kaplan serving as chairman and Hugh Odishaw as executive director. The only key nation slow in committing to the IGY was Soviet Union, which did not signal its involvement until spring 1955.{{rp|69–70}}
Launches
{{TLS-M|1953|jan=off}}
=February=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|February launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 February |time = 21:09
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 12
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|137.0|km}}{{cite book |author=Charles P. Smith Jr. |date=April 1958 |title=Naval Research Laboratory Report No. 4276: Upper Atmosphere Research Report No. XXI, Summary of Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Firings |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |format=pdf |location=Washington D.C. |publisher=Naval Research Laboratory |access-date=23 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195019/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |url-status=live }}{{rp|305}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 10 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 February |time = 07:09
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 13
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|137.3|km}}{{rp|305}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 12 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 February |time = 06:50
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 27
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|108.6|km}}{{rp|240–241}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = SCEL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 18 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 February |time = 17:42
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 34
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|117|km}}{{rp|111–112}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Rocket performance test
|d-date = 18 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=March=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|March launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 March
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 March
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 March
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 5 March
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 March
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 15 March
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 March
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 18 March
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 March
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 19 March
}}
}}
|}
=April=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|April launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 April
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = First successful R-5 launch
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 2 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 April
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 8 April
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 April |time = 15:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 35
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|122|km}}{{rp|113–114}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Rocket performance test
|d-date = 14 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 April
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 19 April
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 April |time = 19:33
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 30
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|123.3|km}}{{rp|246–247}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Sphere
|user = SCEL / University of Michigan
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 23 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 April |time = 10:19
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 28
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|108|km}}{{rp|242–243}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = SCEL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 24 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 April
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 24 April
}}
}}
|}
=May=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|May launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 May
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 11 May
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 May
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 13 May
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 May |time = 14:04
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 36
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|114|km}}{{rp|115–116}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Airglow 3
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Sky Brightness
|d-date = 20 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 May |time = 15:57
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 37
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|114|km}}{{rp|117–118}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Airglow 4
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Sky Brightness
|d-date = 21 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 May
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = Contained 4 supplementary combat compartments; end of 1st set of experimental launches
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 23 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=June=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|June launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 June |time = 19:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 38
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|135|km}}{{rp|119–120}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Ionosphere 3
|user = AFCRC / University of Utah
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Ionospheric
|d-date = 26 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 June
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (second model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}, tail exploded on launch pad; rocket rebuilt and launched successfully on 7 May 1954
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 10
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy / Ionospheric
|d-date = 30 June
|outcome = Launch Failure
}}
}}
|}
=July=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|July launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 July |time = 17:52
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 39
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|138|km}}{{rp|121–122}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Ionosphere 4
|user = AFCRC / University of Utah
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Ionospheric
|d-date = 1 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 July
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 6 July
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 July |time = 15:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 40
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|103|km}}{{rp|123–124}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRC / University of Rhode Island
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 July |time = 22:27
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 8
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Staten Island|AGB-5|6}}, Atlantic Ocean, {{convert|50|km}} east of Boston
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|22.0|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|313}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 18 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 July |time = 10:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 9
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Atlantic Ocean, near Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|22.2|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|313}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 19 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 July |time = 15:53
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 10
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Atlantic Ocean, near Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|22.2|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|313}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 19 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 July |time = 21:57
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 11
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Atlantic Ocean, near Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|23.2|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|314}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 19 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 July |time = 09:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 41
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|95.6|km}}{{rp|125–126}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 23 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 July |time = 16:40
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 12
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Labrador Sea
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Balloon cut down, rocket failed to fire{{rp|314}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 24 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 July |time = 09:41
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 13
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, southern Davis Strait, near Baffin Island
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|88.4|km}}{{rp|314}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 28 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=August=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|August launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 August |time = 18:28
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 14
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Staten Island|AGB-5|6}}, Frobisher Bay
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee uncertain{{rp|314}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 3 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 August |time = 21:54
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 1
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, southern Davis Strait, near Baffin Island
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|79.2|km}};{{rp|311}} first of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 5 August
|outcome =
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 August |time = 15:07
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 15
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Davis Strait
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|65.5|km}}{{rp|314}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 6 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 August |time = 18:40
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 16
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Davis Strait
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee uncertain{{rp|315}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 6 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 August |time = 15:09
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Baffin Bay
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee uncertain;{{rp|311}} second of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 8 August
|outcome =
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 August |time = 05:54
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 17
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Baffin Bay
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|99.1|km}}{{rp|315}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 9 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 August |time = 19:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 3
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Baffin Bay
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|38.1|km}};{{rp|311}} third of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 9 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 August |time = 17:09
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Staten Island, Baffin Bay
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|80.8|km}};{{rp|311}} fourth of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 11 August
|outcome =
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 August |time = 14:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 18
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USCGC|Eastwind|WAGB-279|6}}, Labrador Sea
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|13.4|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|315}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 30 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 August |time = 16:20
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 19
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Labrador Sea
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|19.2|km}}, rocket failed to fire{{rp|315}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 30 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 August |time = 20:46
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 20
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Labrador Sea
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|103.6|km}}{{rp|315}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 30 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=September=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|September launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 September |time = 05:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 32
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|107.3|km}}, final flight of the Aerobee XASR-SC-2{{rp|251–252}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = SCEL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 1 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 September |time = 09:50
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 21
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USCGC|Eastwind|WAGB-279|6}}, Atlantic Ocean, east of Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = Apogee uncertain{{rp|316}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 3 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 September |time = 11:51
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 22
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Atlantic Ocean, east of Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|103.6|km}}{{rp|316}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 3 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 September |time = 14:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = SUI 23
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Atlantic Ocean, east of Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|99.1|km}}{{rp|316}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Iowa
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|d-date = 3 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 September |time = 03:59
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Atlantic Ocean, east of Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|67.1|km}};{{rp|311}} fifth of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 4 September
|outcome =
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 September |time = 15:51
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon
|flight = NRL Rockoon 6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USCGC Eastwind, Atlantic Ocean, near Nova Scotia
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Coast Guard
|remarks = (Balloon) Apogee: {{convert|13.7|km}}, rocket failed to fire;{{rp|311}} sixth of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 4 September
|outcome = Launch Failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 September |time = 05:35
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 33
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|114|km}}{{rp|253–254}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = SCEL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 5 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 September |time = 15:02
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 42
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|32|km}}, early cut-off due to a thrust chamber burn-through{{rp|127–128}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Airglow 5
|user = AFCRC
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Sky Brightness
|d-date = 15 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 September |time = 20:50
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = SC 31
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|58|km}}{{rp|249–250}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Sphere
|user = SCEL / University of Michigan
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Aeronomy
|d-date = 29 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=October=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|October launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 October |time = 17:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 43
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|100|km}}{{rp|129–130}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRC / University of Colorado
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Solar UV
|d-date = 7 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 10 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 16 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 16 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 17 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 19 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 20 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 24 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 26 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 27 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 27 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 28 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 28 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = Beginning of 2nd stage of experimental launches
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 30 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=November=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|November launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 1 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 November |time = 18:32
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 44
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|121|km}}{{rp|131–132}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Ionosphere 5
|user = AFCRC / University of Utah
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Ionospheric
|d-date = 2 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 3 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 November |time = 18:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a
|flight = USAF 45
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|121.5|km}}{{rp|133–134}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Ionosphere 6
|user = AFCRC / University of Utah
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Ionospheric
|d-date = 3 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 12 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 15 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 15 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 17 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 November |time = 22:40
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 14
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Solar X-Ray / Solar UV / Aeronomy
|d-date = 19 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 21 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 24 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 25 November |time = 15:46
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 15
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|95|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Solar X-Ray / Solar UV / Aeronomy
|d-date = 25 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 26 November
}}
}}
|}
=December=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|December launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 December |time = 15:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 16
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|129|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Solar X-Ray / Solar UV / Aeronomy
|d-date = 1 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 5 December
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-5
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = End of second experimental flight series
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|orbit = Suborbital
|function = Missile test
|d-date = 9 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
{{TLS-M|1953|jan=off}}
Suborbital launch statistics
=By country=
{{Pie chart
| radius = 120
| legend = false
| thumb = left
| [
{"value":460, "color":"#484785", "label": "United States: 46 (52.27%)"},
{"value":420, "color":"#a52a2a", "label": "Soviet Union: 42 (47.73%) "},
]
}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{sronly|Launches by country}} ! scope=col colspan=2 | Country ! scope=col | Launches ! scope=col | Successes ! scope=col | Failures ! scope=col | Partial |
| scope=row style="background:brown;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}}
| 42 || 37 || 0 || 5 |
|---|
| scope=row style="background:#484785;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}}
| 46 || 34 || 12 || 0 |
| colspan="2" | World
| {{sum|42|46}} || {{sum|37|34}} || {{sum|0|12}} || {{sum|5|0}} |
{{clear}}
= By rocket =
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 850
| height = 400
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 1:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:5:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 0:1:0:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:4:0:0:0:0
| group 5 = 0:13:0:0:0:0
| group 6 = 0:0:16:0:0:0
| group 7 = 0:0:6:0:0:0
| group 8 = 0:0:0:23:0:0
| group 9 = 0:0:0:0:4:0
| group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0:15
| colors = blue
: #363663
: #646e2b : #a7b847
: #1e85ae
: #80daeb : #00cccc
: #7a1f1f
: #ff7700
: #665000
| group names = Viking (second model)
: R-1
: R-2
: R-5
| x legends = Viking : Aerobee : Deacon rockoon : R-1 : R-2 : R-5
| units suffix = _launches
| y tick marks = 5
}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{sronly|Launches by rocket}} ! scope=col | Rocket ! scope=col | Country ! scope=col | Launches ! scope=col | Successes ! scope=col | Failures ! scope=col | Partial ! scope=col | Remarks |
| scope=row | Viking (second model)
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
|---|
| scope=row | Aerobee RTV-N-10
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || |
| scope=row | Aerobee XASR-SC-1
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || |
| scope=row | Aerobee XASR-SC-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Retired |
| scope=row | Aerobee RTV-A-1a
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 13 || 12 || 1 || 0 || |
| scope=row | Deacon rockoon (SUI)
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 16 || 9 || 7 || 0 || |
| scope=row | Deacon rockoon (NRL)
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || |
| scope=row | R-1
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 23 || 23 || 0 || 0 || |
| scope=row | R-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || |
| scope=row | R-5
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 15 || 10 || 0 || 5 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
See also
References
{{TLS-R}}